Sociology Quiz 9

The educational system in the United States serves all students equally regardless of class. true or false

false

Annette Lareau described poor and working-class parents' cultural logic towards parenting as: A. accomplishment of natural growth. B. old-fashioned. C. upwardly mobile. D. concerted cultivation. E. neglectful.

a

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that, because they are excluded from mainstream social life, the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals, which make it much less likely that they will ever join the middle class. This way of life is usually called: A. the culture of poverty. B. the invisibility of poverty. C. the social contract. D. residential segregation. E. oppression norms.

a

What are the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" (or learn) from their parents that help to achieve material success in life called? A. cultural capital B. ideology C. class consciousness D. social welfare E. education

a

What is the maximum length of time a family can collect welfare based on the welfare reforms provided in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act? A. five years B. ten years C. fifteen years D. one year E. six months

a

When individuals fail to see the ways in which they are oppressed by the social system they live in, Karl Marx calls it: A. false consciousness. B. ideology. C. hegemony. D. stratification cognition. E. meritocracy.

a

According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter in a capitalist system? A. family and kin B. community bonds C. economic relations D. nationalistic bonds E. racial and ethnic loyalties

c

Although Lareau saw that the interactions between parents and children in middle-class families bestowed many advantages, she also saw a few negative effects such as: A. children had complete authority over which activities they were involved in, so they didn't always make the best choices. B. children didn't learn basic social skills like looking people in the eye when you speak with them. C. children didn't always respect their parents' leadership and they showed a sense of entitlement. D. children had too much unsupervised time with peers and extended family. E. children were likely to be intimidated by authority figures.

c

According to Lareau's interpretation of Bourdieu, encouraging poor and working class families to raise their children in ways similar to middle and upper class families would: A. limit the effects of social reproduction. B. lessen inequality in society. C. be impossible since poor and working class families would still have less income, and lack of economic resources is the primary force behind social reproduction. D. potentially benefit individual families, but could not work on a large scale due to middle and upper class efforts at distinction. E. be beneficial as a widespread goal of our society.

d

How is Max Weber's idea of social class different from Karl Marx's? A. Weber did not believe that owning the means of production mattered in any way. B. Weber believed that class status was inherited and was an extension of the old feudal system. C. Weber believed that wealth was the only factor that mattered, regardless of how that wealth was acquired. D. Weber believed that wealth, power, and prestige could all affect a person's social class. Weber did not have a theory of social class.

d

It is often said that you can always tell a millionaire by her shoes. She may dress like a slob in every other respect, but someone from the upper class is bound to have expensive, custom-made footwear. Whether this is true or not, it helps demonstrate the way that we A. are constrained by structural elements of society and directed into a preordained class status. B. try to "better ourselves" by increasing the amount of cultural capital that we possess. C. allow relative levels of prestige to determine our class status. D. make split-second judgments about who people are and what social status they occupy based on their appearances. E. surrender to the impersonal forces of the market.

d

What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time? A. the invisibility of poverty B. cultural capital C. ideology D. social reproduction E. caste

d

What is the principal sociological critique of the culture of poverty? A. The poor often move into the middle class. B. The values and norms of many Americans in all class groups include attitudes of resignation and fatalism. C. Contrary to assumptions about the culture of poverty, members of the lower class often save and take actions that might lead them to improve their situations. D. It tends to blame the victims of poverty for their own misfortunes while ignoring the structural causes of inequality. E. all of the above

d

Although they make very little money, priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, and clergy are often very prestigious members of their communities. Which social theorist first suggested that this is an important element of class status? A. Karl Marx B. Emile Durkheim C. Pierre Bourdieu D. Erving Goffman E. Max Weber

e

What is the relationship between the American Dream and the system of social class through which the United States is stratified? A. The American Dream promises that one day social stratification will be overcome. B. People who believe in the American Dream can usually overcome the class system. C. The American Dream is a nice idea, but everyone really knows that it's just an inconsequential daydream. D. Hardly anyone knows what the American Dream is anymore. E. The American Dream legitimizes inequality by reinforcing the idea that everyone has the same chance to get ahead.

e