sociology review 2

acheived status

A social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts

In which sort of institution are individuals' identities systematically stripped away in an effort to create a new one that is strongly rooted in a particular group's membership?

total institution

Robert Merton's typology identifies five routes for individuals based on cultural goals and institutionalized means—conformity, ritualism, innovation, retreatism, and rebellion—and all but one is deviance by Merton's definition.

true

deviane avowal

when an individual self-identifies as deviant and seeks to be labeled as deviant by others.

Socialization

When a child learns and internalizes the values, beliefs, and norms of a social group, this process is called

definition of the situation.

Bethany sees a person fall down on the street a few feet in front of her. She has no idea what has happened, but quickly makes the decision to call 911 as others around her also attempt to help. In dramaturgical terms, her reaction exemplifies

play stage

Mead's second stage in the development of role taking; children act in ways they imagine other people would

game stage

Mead's third stage in the development of role taking; children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules

In her book Reclaiming Conversation what concern does Sherry Turkle raise about what may happen when people replace face-to-face conversations with texts, tweets, and other forms of online interaction?

People lose the ability to show empathy.

looking-glass self

an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

example of deviance avowal?

a man decided to quit smoking but asked his friends and family to describe him as a smoker because an he believes and addition is life long

stereotype threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

What is a benefit some sociologists see in online communication?

a space for teens to have privacy

embodied status

a status generated by physical characteristics

positive deviance

actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?

agency

role conflict

conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses

What is becoming less and less frequent, according to sociologists, as people spend more time on Facebook and less time having coffee with friends?

copresence

The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.

false

In the dramaturgical perspective, what do we call the region in which we deliver our public performances?

front stage

According to George Herbert Mead, a sense of self begins to develop simultaneously with the acquisition of

language skills

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

life is essentially a play

master status

one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

tertiary deviance

redefining the stigma associated with a deviant label as a positive phenomenon

In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance, which is the initial deviant behavior

role conflict vs role strain

strain: one role places a burden on you conflict: multiple roles are in opposition

roles strain

tension among the roles connected to a single status

impression management

the attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen

Foreground of deviance

the deviant's own in-the-moment experience of committing a deviant act

predatory stage

the first stage in Mead's theory of the development of self wherein children mimic or imitate others

Conflict Theory

the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general

labeling theory

the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

hidden curriculum

the nonacademic and less overt socialization functions of schooling

emotional work (emotional labor)

the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion