Sociology Test 1 Ch. 1-3

The color of our skin, our sex, whether or not we have a physical disability, and our socioeconomic class are all aspects of our __________.

identities

social relations of production

bourgeoise, proletariat

Unwritten rules of society such as social norms are an example of?

social facts

Emile Durkheim

social facts/ social forces

Social Theory

systematic ideas that help explain the relationship between individuals and society

Industrialization

-The growth of factories and large scale goods productions -new technologies and innovations -immense social changes -different approaches needed

mechanical solidarity

According to Emile Durkheim, mechanical solidarity refers to the factors that primitive societies together, mostly through family and kinship ties, and a collective consciousness shared by all members of the community.

Social Facts

According to Emile Durkheim, those regularities and rules of everyday life that exist independently and outside the control of individuals.

According to C.Wright Mills, the sociological imagination enables us t grasp the relations between ______ and ______ in society.

History, biography

Karl Marx

Modes of production

Modes of production

feudalism, communism, capitalism

social solidarity

mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity

Population Growth

-growth of factories and large scale goods productions -new technologies and innovations -immense social changes -different approaches needed

Sociologists C. Wright Mills suggested that the sociological imagination is a concept that lets us think systematically about the relationship between the personal and the social. How might you apply your sociological imagination to understand how the personal issue of unemployment is tied to greater social issues in the world?

A person will face unemployment due to the recent recession, which resulted in fewer available job openings for job seekers in their field.

Social Hierarchies

A set of important social relationships that provide individuals and groups with different kinds of status in which some are elevated above others.

Sociologists can ask a broad array of questions. Which of the following best identifies what these sociological questions all have in common

All sociological questions consider how social contexts matter.

In the 1800s, the United States went through a period where there was a pronounced growth in factories known as __________.

Industrialization

What other fields emerged from sociology?

Criminology and criminal justice gender studies african american studies latino/ a studies organizational behavior management studies public health family studies

Urbanization

-growth of cities in the late 19th century in U.S. Europe and elsewhere -shift from agriculture to manufacturing -problems were markedly different -new types of political changes, including social movements

Institutions

A complex term used to stand for structured and enduring practices of human life that are built around well-established rules and norms or are centered in important organizations like the government, legal courts, churches, schools, or the military.

Norm

A basic rule of society that helps us know what is and is not appropriate to do in a situation. Norms evolve over time as social attitudes and expectations change, although those changes are typically very slow.

A student notices that his mother tends to clean more around the house than his father. What sort of sociological question could be based on this personal experience?

How much more time do women spend cleaning than men?

Which of the following is true about the impact of organizations on identity is true?

Organizations shape what identities are available to us.

Range of social theories

they range from being very grand-seeking to explain universal features of all societies.- while others are much more modest, applying only to a single topic that sociologist study, such as theories about race, gender, or religion.

Social Context

The social environments, including economic and cultural conditions, that influence people's lives.

Three major themes

What is the basis of social order? What is it that holds society together? What are the circumstances or conditions under which societies change? what is the nature of the individual? how does the individual act in the context of society?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and social institutions?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and social institutions

Social forces

a broader than social facts

Modes of production

a mode of production is a concept for characterizing the dominant economic system in a society. A mode of production has two parts the forces of production and the social relations of production.

Sociological Imagination why is it worth acquiring

ability to see the whole as more than sum of parts; ability to see social issues as social problems.Changing the social world.

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "institution"?

an important practice that society has followed for a long time

Theories

are like specialized glasses, enables us to see things in a different way -they encourage us to pay more attention to something we ignored, ask new or unusual questions that we dont normally think of.

A parent tells a child he is not supposed to eat food off the ground. This rule is an example of __________.

norm

One of the three common themes of social theory is social order. Chiefly concerned with?

what holds society together

Edward is introduced to Jessah and intends to kiss Jessah's cheek in greeting. Inadvertently, Edward ends up kissing Jessah's nose. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on this scenario?

Edward's mistake was a violation of social norms.

Three factors lead to the emergence of sociology as a discipline?

Industrialization, Urbanization, and Population growth

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between norms and whether or not an individual "fits in" to society?

Norms are the rules about what is and isn't acceptable by our community and must be followed to "fit in."

Which of the following statements best reflects the connection between a sociological imagination and effective sociology?

Only when we develop this ability can we start to see larger trends in the world around us.

Which of the following best describes how people commonly develop stereotypes about a group?

People will develop generalizations about a group based on little to no information.

______ refers to external forces, notably evident in the social hierarchies and institutions of society.

Social Structure.

Family, marriage, education, government, and religion are all examples of __________.

Social institutions

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between sociology and other social science disciplines?

Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African studies, gender studies, demography, and criminology.

Tam is able to attend a highly competitive college because his parents have enough income to pay the tuition. Lai is only able to attend night classes at a less competitive college because she has to work during the day to pay tuition. Which statement best describes this scenario?

Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts.

Sociological Imagination

The capacity to think systematically about how many things we experience as personal problems—for example, debt from student loans, competing demands from divorced parents, or an inability to form a rewarding romantic relationship at college—are really social issues that are widely shared by others born in a similar time and social location as us. It involves taking into account how our individual lives are impacted by historical and social contexts.

Social Structures

The external forces, most notably social hierarchies, norms, and institutions, that provide the context for individual and group action.

socialization

The process by which individuals come to understand the expectations and norms of their groups as well as the various roles they transition into over the life course and how to behave in society or in particular social settings.

Several major social science groups and associations were first founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. What does this show?

The rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups

Sociological Imagination (origin)

The sociological imagination is a concept used by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills to describe the ability to "think yourself away from the familiar routines of everyday life" and look at them from an entirely new perspective. Augste Comte coined the name

division of labor

The specialization of individuals in any organization or group, or in society as a whole, particularly in relation to work. There is thus a division of labor in all of society (with different people working in different occupations), a division of labor in individual organizations (where different people perform different tasks) and a division of labor in individual families and communities.

Social Interactions

The way people act together, including how they modify and alter their behavior in response to the presence of others. Social interaction is governed by norms.

How did urbanization lead to the development of sociology?

Urbanization caused various social problems, and people wanted to study these problems.

According to Marx, an automated welding machine used to assemble automobiles bodies would be an example of?

forces of production

The displacement of many jobs once done in the United States now being done by workers in other countries is an example of how __________ shape our understanding and experiences in the world.

social and historical contexts