sociology test 3

What percentage of your overall grade is your Sociological Imagination/Sacred Cajita project

24%

Name the classical social theorist that influences modernization theory

Max Weber

According to the 2015 study discussed in class by the Center for Policy Initiative, what city in San Diego County has the largest poverty rate?

El Cajon

What are some current trends regarding social stratification in the United States?

Income and wealth is increasing for the elite and upper classes and decreasing for middle and lower classes.

Define neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.

Position of dependency theory on poverty.

they are exploited by powerful countries

Sociologist whose research analyses the impact eviction has on the lives of the poor

Matthew Desmond

Analyzing global stratification sociologically, what are countries that are typically poor and largely agricultural called?

Peripheral Countries

What are the characteristics of peripheral countries?

These countries also have low-skill, labor-intensive production, or, in other words, cheap labor. Periphery countries are commonly also referred to as third-world countries.

What do we know about social mobility in the United States based on social research?

Within the U.S., the class system is becoming increasingly polarized with growing social and economic inequality.

What does economic restructuring refer to?

is a structural phenomena associated with the decline of manufacturing jobs in the United States, the transformation of the economy by technological change, and the process of globalization.

What did Max Weber called the opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class

life chances

What are some ways we can measure the consequences of global inequality?

measures the value of a country's yearly output of goods and services produced by its total population and then divides that total by the number of people living in that country. called the per person gross national income (GNI)

According to modernization theory, why are some countries underdeveloped?

modernization theory sees people as poor because they have poor work habits, poor time management, do not save, and do not go to school.

SHORT ANSWER List all ten principles of concentration of wealth and power, as described by Noam Chomsky in Requiem for the American Dream

1. Reduce Democracy 2. Shaping Ideology 3. Redesign Economy 4. Sifting the Burden 5. Attack Solitary 6. Run the Regulators 7. Engineering Elections 8. Keep the Rabble in Line 9. Manufacturing Consent 10. Marginalizing the population

SHORT ANSWER What have been the three major coping mechanisms Americans have used to mitigate the effects of the restructuring of our economy since the late 1970's?

1. Women go into paid work 2. families men and women work longer hours 3. Borrowing (Debt)

What is false consciousness?

A flawed belief system that harms the lower classes and protects the powerful classes from protest and revolution

Within world systems theory, what is the term for the network of production and labor processes by which a product becomes a finished commodity

Commodity chain

Which sociological theory argues that the elite shape societal beliefs and practices in order to make their own privileges appear legitimate and fair?

Conflict Theory

Conceptually, modernization theory is an outgrowth of what theory

Functionalism

Which sociological theory argues that the greater rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand?

Functionalism

What is the primary way neocolonialism maintained?

Global inequity is often caused by putting poor countries in debt to powerful countries.

Analyzing social stratification sociologically, what are countries that are partly industrialized but extract profits from poor countries to pass on to core countries called?

Semiperipheral Countries

SHORT ANSWER What was the focus of economic researchers Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez and why is it important for our discussion on social stratification in American society?

They looked at IRS tax data all the way back to 1913 where the income tax came into affect. the income differential is becoming larger every year between the rich and the poor and even the middle class. when there is a peak in the economy there is always a fall and the rich are the only ones not to suffer from the decline in the economy

SHORT ANSWER What is happening in terms of distribution of income and wealth in America and why?

distribution and wealth is not equal in america because the the rich get richer and it is hard for the people in poverty to get out with all the taxes and not having any money to pay for living

According to world systems theory, poverty is the result of what?

of ones position in the worlds system

What is the position of modernization theory on poverty?

poor nations are poor because their people never developed values such as an emphasis on hard work

What is the relationship between multinational corporations and poor nations according to dependency theorists?

rich countries overdevelop while underdeveloping poor countries

What is the origin of the racial component to global inequality?

the history of Western colonialism