Sociology Test 4
craze
A __________ is where something is incredibly popular for a short period of time.
Patriarchy
A form of social organization in which men have more power and dominate other genders.
transsexual
A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______.
Pluralism
A state in which all races and ethnicities are distinct, but have equal social standing.
Collective behavior
According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for _________________ to occur?
all of the time, in everything we do
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
Acting Crowd
The scapegoat theory
Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre war problems on Jewish population is an example of
Crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
An expressive crowd is defined as
Conflict theory
Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align?
Mexican descent
Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of:
Pluralistic
Asad's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asad's class is:
Racism
Beliefs, thoughts, and actions based on the idea that one race is innately superior to another race.
The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
Biological determinism is:
Transgender
Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is:
The digital divide
Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of:
Assembling
Chip believes that individuals in crowds behave rationally, and thinks crowds are engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action. What sociological perspective is Chip referring to?
conservative
Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
Conventional Crowd
preserving peripheral nation cultural identity, preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization, avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of:
Language, beliefs, religion, ALL OF THE ABOVE
Ethnicity describes shared
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
Expressive Crowd
Scapegoat Theory
Frames prejudice as a defense mechanism on the part of the frustrated people who blame another more disadvantaged group for the troubles they face, even when those troubles stem from structural changes.
Race-Conflict Theory
How social inequality develops as the result of power conflicts between different racial and ethnic groups.
prognostic framing
If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________.
Symbolic Interactionism
In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?
the environment
In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______.
Sweden
In which country is sex education required in public schools?
False
Only women are affected by gender stratification.
Resource mobilization theory
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success?
prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in public schools
Passed in 1972, Title IX:
Sexism
Patriarchies are maintained through a careful cultivation of attitudes, behaviors and systems that favor men and encourages society to believe that one gender is innately superior to another.
Expulsion
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of:
hegemonic masculinities
Raewyn Connell's concept of _____________ states that society defines and celebrates certain sets of characteristics as being masculine.
in early adolescence
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.
dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
Scapegoat theory shows that:
the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values
Social movements are:
collective behavior
Social movements can cause __________, where widespread fear can cause people to act hastily.
organization
Social movements need _______, leadership and resources if they ever hope to gain momentum and make an impact.
What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement
Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?
The culture of prejudice
Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but is widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of:
stereotyping
Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:
all of the above
Stereotypes can be based on:
Mass
Tarah is attending a sold-out Counting Crows concert at Madison Square Garden, with thousands of other Counting Crows fans. Tarah is part of a:
Reform
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group:
Resistance
The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in?
Motivational
The anti-drug campaign in the 1980's encouraged students to "just say no" to put an end to drug use and drug violence. Which type of framing did this campaign use?
an acting crowd
The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were:
1. a few ideas are shared by a few 2. incipient stage-where the public takes notice 3. people begin to coalesce into an organized group 4. success in change or being forced to adapt
The stages of the social movement in order are
gender role
The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.
The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture
The term assimilation is defined by the text as:
A persons capacity for sexual feelings
The term sexuality is defined by the text as
Pluralism
What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?
Biased actions against an individual or group
What is discrimination?
A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation
What is the Kinsey Scale?
Family
What is the first agent of socialization?
The Bracero Program
Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?
The Asian American community
Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority?
Asian Americans
Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"
Functionalism
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?
social movement industry
While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________.
To escape oppression, Because they were forced out of their own countriesd. A & B ONLY
Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?
Activist
_________ movements are focused on changing some aspect of society.
People who share close proximity without really interacting
Casual Crowd
Functionalism
Cedric's uncle believes that racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society - but only in the lives of those who are members of the dominant group. Which sociological perspective is Cedric's uncle coming from?
Socialization
Jenny is given a doll for her 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender
Islamophobia
Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.
Symbolic interactionist
Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is:
Sexism
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing:
Produced action against a group of people
The term discrimination is defined in the text as
gender
The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.
Functionalism
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?
True
True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
True
True or false: The majority of American citizens are descendents of immigrants?
Sweden
What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?
Lack of power
What is the one defining feature of a minority group?
To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality
What is the purpose of queer theory?
They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.
What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?
White privilege
When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:
A double standard
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:
Homophobia
When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:
Frame alignment process
When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, this is referred to as:
Population growth
When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?
transformation
When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.
Conflict theory
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?
Genocide
Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism
Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?
A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.
Which of the following best defines a social movement?
A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday
Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?
Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype?
people working a low-income job
Which of the following is NOT one of the things needed for Relative Deprivation Theory to apply to a social movement?
A group of friends traveling to New York City for the weekend
Which of the following is an example of a convergence cluster?
A group of people interested in hearing an author speak
Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?
Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others
Which of the following is an example of racial steering?
The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations
Which of the following is the best definition of social change?
Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?
Women tend to overly emotional, men tend to be level headed
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?
Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?
It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.
Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?
National Football League
Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?
Pink
______ collar jobs are jobs with the highest concentrations of women and tend to come with both lower pay and lower prestige.
Gender stratification
_______ the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege across genders.
Relative deprivation theory
_________ focuses on the actions of groups who are oppressed or deprived of rights that other people in society enjoy.
Resource mobilization theory
_________ focuses on the factors that help or hinder social movement.
Rational Choice theory
_________ proposes that people compare pros and cons of different courses of action and choose the one they think is best for themselves.
Gender
_________ refers to the personal and social characteristics but not the biological traits that we associate with different sexes.
Institutional discrimination
__________ are the biases that are built into operation of society and institutions.
Prejudice
__________ is a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people.
Discrimination
__________ is any unequal treatment of different groups of people.
Second Shift
__________ where women come home from work to more work - cooking, laundry, childcare - whereas men are more likely to spend their time in leisure after work.
Glass ceiling
___________ is the invisible barrier that stops women's advancement to the top level of an organization.
Stereotypes
____________ are exaggerated and simplified descriptions that are applied to every person in a category.
Explicit Bias
____________ is the attitudes or beliefs that we have about a group that we are consciously aware of.
Implicit Biases
____________ is the unconscious biases that we have about other groups.
Social movements
_____________ are instrumental to changing the path of a society.
Benevolent sexism
_____________ makes women seem more morally innocent.
