Sociology Test 4

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craze

A __________ is where something is incredibly popular for a short period of time.

Patriarchy

A form of social organization in which men have more power and dominate other genders.

transsexual

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______.

Pluralism

A state in which all races and ethnicities are distinct, but have equal social standing.

Collective behavior

According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for _________________ to occur?

all of the time, in everything we do

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

Acting Crowd

The scapegoat theory

Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre war problems on Jewish population is an example of

Crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

An expressive crowd is defined as

Conflict theory

Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align?

Mexican descent

Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of:

Pluralistic

Asad's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asad's class is:

Racism

Beliefs, thoughts, and actions based on the idea that one race is innately superior to another race.

The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

Biological determinism is:

Transgender

Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is:

The digital divide

Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of:

Assembling

Chip believes that individuals in crowds behave rationally, and thinks crowds are engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action. What sociological perspective is Chip referring to?

conservative

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

Conventional Crowd

preserving peripheral nation cultural identity, preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization, avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of:

Language, beliefs, religion, ALL OF THE ABOVE

Ethnicity describes shared

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

Expressive Crowd

Scapegoat Theory

Frames prejudice as a defense mechanism on the part of the frustrated people who blame another more disadvantaged group for the troubles they face, even when those troubles stem from structural changes.

Race-Conflict Theory

How social inequality develops as the result of power conflicts between different racial and ethnic groups.

prognostic framing

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________.

Symbolic Interactionism

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?

the environment

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______.

Sweden

In which country is sex education required in public schools?

False

Only women are affected by gender stratification.

Resource mobilization theory

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success?

prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in public schools

Passed in 1972, Title IX:

Sexism

Patriarchies are maintained through a careful cultivation of attitudes, behaviors and systems that favor men and encourages society to believe that one gender is innately superior to another.

Expulsion

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of:

hegemonic masculinities

Raewyn Connell's concept of _____________ states that society defines and celebrates certain sets of characteristics as being masculine.

in early adolescence

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Scapegoat theory shows that:

the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values

Social movements are:

collective behavior

Social movements can cause __________, where widespread fear can cause people to act hastily.

organization

Social movements need _______, leadership and resources if they ever hope to gain momentum and make an impact.

What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement

Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?

The culture of prejudice

Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but is widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of:

stereotyping

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

all of the above

Stereotypes can be based on:

Mass

Tarah is attending a sold-out Counting Crows concert at Madison Square Garden, with thousands of other Counting Crows fans. Tarah is part of a:

Reform

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group:

Resistance

The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in?

Motivational

The anti-drug campaign in the 1980's encouraged students to "just say no" to put an end to drug use and drug violence. Which type of framing did this campaign use?

an acting crowd

The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were:

1. a few ideas are shared by a few 2. incipient stage-where the public takes notice 3. people begin to coalesce into an organized group 4. success in change or being forced to adapt

The stages of the social movement in order are

gender role

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

The term assimilation is defined by the text as:

A persons capacity for sexual feelings

The term sexuality is defined by the text as

Pluralism

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Biased actions against an individual or group

What is discrimination?

A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation

What is the Kinsey Scale?

Family

What is the first agent of socialization?

The Bracero Program

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Asian American community

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority?

Asian Americans

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

social movement industry

While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________.

To escape oppression, Because they were forced out of their own countriesd. A & B ONLY

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

Activist

_________ movements are focused on changing some aspect of society.

People who share close proximity without really interacting

Casual Crowd

Functionalism

Cedric's uncle believes that racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society - but only in the lives of those who are members of the dominant group. Which sociological perspective is Cedric's uncle coming from?

Socialization

Jenny is given a doll for her 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender

Islamophobia

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Symbolic interactionist

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is:

Sexism

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing:

Produced action against a group of people

The term discrimination is defined in the text as

gender

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

Functionalism

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

True

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

True

True or false: The majority of American citizens are descendents of immigrants?

Sweden

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Lack of power

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality

What is the purpose of queer theory?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

White privilege

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:

A double standard

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:

Homophobia

When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:

Frame alignment process

When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, this is referred to as:

Population growth

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?

transformation

When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.

Conflict theory

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?

Genocide

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.

Which of the following best defines a social movement?

A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday

Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?

Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype?

people working a low-income job

Which of the following is NOT one of the things needed for Relative Deprivation Theory to apply to a social movement?

A group of friends traveling to New York City for the weekend

Which of the following is an example of a convergence cluster?

A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?

Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others

Which of the following is an example of racial steering?

The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

Which of the following is the best definition of social change?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to overly emotional, men tend to be level headed

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

National Football League

Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?

Pink

______ collar jobs are jobs with the highest concentrations of women and tend to come with both lower pay and lower prestige.

Gender stratification

_______ the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege across genders.

Relative deprivation theory

_________ focuses on the actions of groups who are oppressed or deprived of rights that other people in society enjoy.

Resource mobilization theory

_________ focuses on the factors that help or hinder social movement.

Rational Choice theory

_________ proposes that people compare pros and cons of different courses of action and choose the one they think is best for themselves.

Gender

_________ refers to the personal and social characteristics but not the biological traits that we associate with different sexes.

Institutional discrimination

__________ are the biases that are built into operation of society and institutions.

Prejudice

__________ is a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people.

Discrimination

__________ is any unequal treatment of different groups of people.

Second Shift

__________ where women come home from work to more work - cooking, laundry, childcare - whereas men are more likely to spend their time in leisure after work.

Glass ceiling

___________ is the invisible barrier that stops women's advancement to the top level of an organization.

Stereotypes

____________ are exaggerated and simplified descriptions that are applied to every person in a category.

Explicit Bias

____________ is the attitudes or beliefs that we have about a group that we are consciously aware of.

Implicit Biases

____________ is the unconscious biases that we have about other groups.

Social movements

_____________ are instrumental to changing the path of a society.

Benevolent sexism

_____________ makes women seem more morally innocent.


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