Solid Waste Management

Nature of Materials

- Organic (potential biodegradable) - Inorganic (non biodegradable) - Combustible (potential for energy production) - Non combustible

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

Daily Cover

6 to 12 inches of native soil or alternative materials such as compost that are applied to the working faces of the landfill at the end of each operating period

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

(LCRS)

Leachate Collection and Removal System

Transfer Station

MSW is transferred from several collection vehicles to a larger vehicle at a transfer station where MSW is carried to an ultimate disposal site.The larger vehicle may be a tractor-trailer, railroad car, or barge. *A place where trucks dump their loads into a larger vehicle where it is compacted. By combining loads, the most per Mg * km for transport to the landfill is reduced.

MSW

MSW: Municipal Solid Wastes

White goods

large and bulky appliances e.g., refrigerators, washing machine

Final Lift

last layer of cells plus the landfill final cover

Leachate

liquid that collects at the bottom of a landfill resulting from percolation or precipitation, water initially contained in the waste and infiltration groundwater

Landfill Liners

manufactured and natural materials that lined the bottom and below grade sides of a landfill to prevent migration of landfill leachate and gases

What is solid waste management?

- activities involved with the reduction of generation, collection, storage, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes - solid waste management concerns public health, economics, engineering, conservation, esthetics, and other environmental considerations

MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) composition is dependent on

-Season -Location -Economic condition

Final Lift (Final Cover or Cap)

. must have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or a permeability no greater than 1x10-5 cm/sec whichever is less . a minimum of 18 inches of earthen material as drainage layer . a minimum of 6 inches of topsoil material that is capable of sustaining plant growth and minimize erosion

Two types of landfills:

1. Sanitary landfills 2. Secure Chemical landfills

What is a typical slope of a landfill

3:1

Rubbish

Combustible: paper, cartons, boxes, barrels, wood, excelsior, tree branches, yard trimmings, wood furniture, bedding, dunnage

Federal Regulations for Municipal Landfills

RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act CFR - Code of Federal Regulations *Principal federal requirements are contained in RCRA Subtitle D and 40 CFR 258 Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities and practices

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

How many landfill is in Iowa

There are 51 landfills

Paper

______ is the number one component in the MSW (Municipal Solid Wastes)

Garbage

___________ is the animal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking, and serving food. Does not include: processing wastes from canneries, slaughterhouses, packing plants, and similar facilities.

Sanitary landfills

______________are disposal sites for non hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by material applied at the end of each operating day

Secure Chemical landfills

_____________are disposal sites for hazardous wastes, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment

Cell

_______volume of material placed in a landfill during one operating period usually one day

Lift

a complete layer of cells over the active area of the landfill

upper component

a minimum of 30 mil (0.076 cm) flexible membrane liner

Iowa has

a yard waste ban and bottle deposit rules

What is solid waste?

all wastes from human and animal activities that are normally solid or semi-solid and are discarded (includes municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes)

lower component

at least a two-foot layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of 1x10-7 cm/sec

DISPOSAL

discharge, deposit, dumping and placing of waste on any land or water

LCRS (Leachate Collection and Removal System)

drainage system to allow easy movement and removal of landfill leachate include a composite liner, perforated piping in a drainage layer, etc

TREATMENT

process which changes the physical, chemical and biological character of any waste so as to recover energy or material resources

SOURCE REDUCTION

reduction in both the quantities of waste generation and the toxic constituents in the products

Ashes

residual from fires used for cooking and heating

Bottom Soil Liner

should consist of a composite liner and a leachate collection system . Must be designed to maintain less than 30- cm depth of leachate over the liner . Composite - consist of two components

RECYCLING

use or reuse of an effective substitute for a commercial product or as an ingredient or feedstock in an industrial process