Solid Waste Management
Nature of Materials
- Organic (potential biodegradable) - Inorganic (non biodegradable) - Combustible (potential for energy production) - Non combustible
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
Daily Cover
6 to 12 inches of native soil or alternative materials such as compost that are applied to the working faces of the landfill at the end of each operating period
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
(LCRS)
Leachate Collection and Removal System
Transfer Station
MSW is transferred from several collection vehicles to a larger vehicle at a transfer station where MSW is carried to an ultimate disposal site.The larger vehicle may be a tractor-trailer, railroad car, or barge. *A place where trucks dump their loads into a larger vehicle where it is compacted. By combining loads, the most per Mg * km for transport to the landfill is reduced.
MSW
MSW: Municipal Solid Wastes
White goods
large and bulky appliances e.g., refrigerators, washing machine
Final Lift
last layer of cells plus the landfill final cover
Leachate
liquid that collects at the bottom of a landfill resulting from percolation or precipitation, water initially contained in the waste and infiltration groundwater
Landfill Liners
manufactured and natural materials that lined the bottom and below grade sides of a landfill to prevent migration of landfill leachate and gases
What is solid waste management?
- activities involved with the reduction of generation, collection, storage, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes - solid waste management concerns public health, economics, engineering, conservation, esthetics, and other environmental considerations
MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) composition is dependent on
-Season -Location -Economic condition
Final Lift (Final Cover or Cap)
. must have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or a permeability no greater than 1x10-5 cm/sec whichever is less . a minimum of 18 inches of earthen material as drainage layer . a minimum of 6 inches of topsoil material that is capable of sustaining plant growth and minimize erosion
Two types of landfills:
1. Sanitary landfills 2. Secure Chemical landfills
What is a typical slope of a landfill
3:1
Rubbish
Combustible: paper, cartons, boxes, barrels, wood, excelsior, tree branches, yard trimmings, wood furniture, bedding, dunnage
Federal Regulations for Municipal Landfills
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act CFR - Code of Federal Regulations *Principal federal requirements are contained in RCRA Subtitle D and 40 CFR 258 Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities and practices
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
How many landfill is in Iowa
There are 51 landfills
Paper
______ is the number one component in the MSW (Municipal Solid Wastes)
Garbage
___________ is the animal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking, and serving food. Does not include: processing wastes from canneries, slaughterhouses, packing plants, and similar facilities.
Sanitary landfills
______________are disposal sites for non hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by material applied at the end of each operating day
Secure Chemical landfills
_____________are disposal sites for hazardous wastes, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment
Cell
_______volume of material placed in a landfill during one operating period usually one day
Lift
a complete layer of cells over the active area of the landfill
upper component
a minimum of 30 mil (0.076 cm) flexible membrane liner
Iowa has
a yard waste ban and bottle deposit rules
What is solid waste?
all wastes from human and animal activities that are normally solid or semi-solid and are discarded (includes municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes)
lower component
at least a two-foot layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of 1x10-7 cm/sec
DISPOSAL
discharge, deposit, dumping and placing of waste on any land or water
LCRS (Leachate Collection and Removal System)
drainage system to allow easy movement and removal of landfill leachate include a composite liner, perforated piping in a drainage layer, etc
TREATMENT
process which changes the physical, chemical and biological character of any waste so as to recover energy or material resources
SOURCE REDUCTION
reduction in both the quantities of waste generation and the toxic constituents in the products
Ashes
residual from fires used for cooking and heating
Bottom Soil Liner
should consist of a composite liner and a leachate collection system . Must be designed to maintain less than 30- cm depth of leachate over the liner . Composite - consist of two components
RECYCLING
use or reuse of an effective substitute for a commercial product or as an ingredient or feedstock in an industrial process
