Solutions, Solutes, and Solvents
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
example of immiscible liquids?
A mixture of oil and water
What is hydrophilic?
Are compounds that will dissolve in water (water-loving)
Which of the following is NOT a hydrophobic substance? CH3CO2H (Acetic Acid) C6H6 (Benzene) C3H8 (Propane) C2H6 (Ethane)
CH3CO2H (Acetic Acid) Explanation Acetic acid is polar, just like water. This means that acetic acid is like water and therefore is not hydrophobic.
What is ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds are made up of a positively charged metal ion (or cation) and a negatively charged non-metal ion (or anion)
What type of covalent molecule is water (H2O)?
Is a polar covalent molecule, as it has a slight negative charge on the oxygen and a slight positive charge on each of the hydrogens
What is a miscible liquid?
Liquids are said to be "miscible" if they're soluble in each other
What is a immiscible liquid?
Liquids that don't dissolve in each other
Which of the following solutes would NOT form a solution if added to water? Sodium chloride (NaCl) Methane (CH4) Potassium chloride (KCl) Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Methane (CH4) Explanation Methane is a nonpolar hydrocarbon. Water is polar covalent. Since 'like dissolves like' methane will not dissolve in water. KCl and NaCl are ionic. HCl is polar covalent but breaks into ions when dissolved in water.
What are hydrophobic?
Nonpolar hydrocarbons that contain carbon and hydrogen exclusively (water-fearing)
What are examples of hydrophilic compounds?
Sodium chloride (ionic) Glucose (polar covalent)
A _____ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Reactant Solvent Solute Solution
Solution Explanation A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
The _____ is present in the largest amount in a solution and is referred to as the substance that does the dissolving. Solvent Ion Product Solute
Solvent Explanation The solvent is present in the largest amount in a solution and is said to do the dissolving.
What is polar covalent?
The atoms are held together because valence electrons are shared between them However, the pull is unequal so there is a slight positive part of the molecule and a slight negative part of the molecule
What is the solute?
The substance or substances dissolved in the solvent They can be many solutes and they don't have to be solids
What is the solvent?
The substance that is present in the largest amount and is referred to as the substance that does the dissolving It can in liquid and gas form
What is nonpolar covalent?
The valence electrons are shared equally and there are no partial changes on the molecule
What is it called when substances form a homogeneous solution? And what is called when it doesn't?
They are called soluble If not its called insoluble
What is the most common liquid solvent?
Water
Which of these liquids are NOT miscible? Water and ethanol Toluene and xylene Water and vegetable oil Xylene and methane
Water and vegetable oil Explanation Miscible means that the liquids dissolve in each other. Water and vegetable oil do not dissolve in each other. All of the other options are 'like' substances.
example of miscible liquids?
Water and vinegar (acetic acid) are miscible
What can water not dissolve?
non polar molecules
