SPC1017 Midterm Review Module 1-3
Which of the following is a strategy you can maintain face?
-use communication that is consistent with other's perceptions of you. -use words and actions consistent with the face you are trying to present. - anticipate and manage events that could contradict your face
your self-fulfilling prophecies can result in both positive and negative predictions about your future behavior
.true
Your "face" is an aspect of the self that only you can see.
False
In what type of relationship do you regard people as " objects which we observe, that are there for our use and exploitation"?
I-It
Which is NOT a physical distance zone?
Individual space; Physical distance incluse personal space, social space, and public space
In what stage of relational development does the depth of self-disclosure increase?
Intensifying
Which type of communication has the FEWEST participants?
Interpersonal
What are the emotional, mental, and physical involvments forged with others through communication?
Interpersonal relationships
Which type of listener listens to establish bonds with and empathy for others?
People-oriented listener
Which is NOT a relational dialectic?
Self-disc;osure versus self esteem Relational dialectics include Autonomy vs connection, Intimacy vs seperation, and openness vs protection
Which of the following is NOT a component of self?
Self-reflection
Which of these refers to sudden termination of communication contact?
Separation
Depth refers to disclosing increasingly personal information, and breadth refers to revealing more at each layer.
True
If Marc and Stefan are dating and begin to refer to one another as "babe" and " identify as "we", not " you or I," they are probably in the intensifying stage of relationship development.
True
Interpersonal communication occurs between co workers and romantic partners.
True
It is common for passionate love to change into companionate love over time.
True
Nonverbal communication can be intentional or unintentional
True
Of all the body movements, facial expressions convey the most information and have the most impact
True
One can communicate dominance or submissiveness nonverbally
True
Passionate love is negatively linked to relationship duration.
True
People from collectivistic cultures avoid direct confrontation and discussion of conflict.
True
Research suggests that during verbal communiations, men and women respond in a similar manner 99 percent of the time.
True
Someone who suddenly declares that your relationship is over during a conflict is delivering a sudden-death statement.
True
Texting, skyping, and tweeting are all examples of mediated communication
True
The process of social comparison can result in positive or negative self esteem, depending on whether you copare favorably or unfavorably with others.
True
symbols can have multiple meanings, which can lead to misunderstanding.
True
the halo effect occurs when you make positive attributions about someone for whom you already have already formed a positive gestalt
True
A person from a collective culture communicating with someone an individualistic culture would likely benefit from all of the following EXCEPT
a using lengthy, detailed explanation
What type of listeners perfers, clear focused messages?
action-oriented listeners
If you overindulge at a buffet and the next day explain that your friends pressured you to eat more and more, you are exhibiting which perceptual error?
actor-observer effect
Which of the following perceptual errors results from from the tendency to make external attributions for your own behaviors?
actor-observer effect
During Steve's presentation to the class, he constantly scratches his head and adjusts his tie. What type of gestures is he using?
adaptors
Intentional or untentional nonverbal behaviors that depict actual or feigned emotion are called
affect displays
Listeners who attend to what others say only attack or ambush them are engaged in
aggressive listening
loni's boyfriend, Rick, often asks what she predicts will happen in one of their favorite tv shows, but when she does, he laughs, and calls her ideas ridiculous. Rick is engaging in
aggressive listening
After reading that your favorite singer has been fighting, drinking, and antagonizing the media, you allow this negative information to overshadow your positive impressions. This an example of
algebriac impression
Which is the term for analyzing the positive and negative things you learn about someone to calculate overall impression, then updating as you learn new information?
algebriac impressions
Desiree actively evaluates and mentally critiques the information in her communication professor's lecture. Desiree is listening to
analyze
When communication matches expectations of how people should communicate, it is considered
appropriate
Forming attributions is the process of
assigning meaning and understanding to others' behaviors
Messages that communicate how much a relational partner means to you are
assurances
Your evaluations of your self and others ( whether postive or negative) are called
attitudes
Explanations of behavior based on internal and external factors are called
attributions
Convictions that an individual believes to be true are
beliefs
When Kim's Boyfriend tells her that he loves her while staring aimlessly at the TV instead of her, she is more likey to
believe his nonverbal behavior
Your girlfriend just received a notice from IRS for not paying her federal taxes, and you assume it was just a mistake. What tendency are you exhbiting?
halo effect
Which of the following may help increase your self-esteem?
having consistency between your ought self and ideal self
Competent communicators repot all of these EXCEPT
higher divorce rates
Your friend tells you about a phone call she had with her mother. As she does so, she holds her hand up to her her ear as to demonstrate a telephone. What type of gesture is she using?
illustrator
effective feedback is
immediate, appropiate, and positive ( all options are correct)
Mental Images of who people are and how you feel about them are called
impression
Mental images of who people are and how you feel about them
impressions
Marya notices her manager hunched over her workstation holding her head up with her hande and asks her, "Are you okay? You look upset." Her manager replies, "I'm fine." The manager is illustrating
incongruent message
Verbal and nonverbal behaviors that have contradictory meanings are called
incongruent messages
You are trying to persuade your communication professor to let you take a makeup exam. What type of communication goal are you trying to achieve?
instrumental
Practical goals you want to achievement through communication are known as
instrumental goals
What is the term for an exchange or series of messages?
interaction
What was the first communication model to incorporate feedback and fields of experience?
interactive
In which type of communications do messages significantly influence the relationship between 2 people?
interpersonal communication
In which stage of the perception process fo you assign meaning to information you have already selected?
interpretation
what is the process of identifying connotative meaning?
interpreting
The feeling of emotional bonding or union between ourselves and others is
intimacy
A culture that values personal objectives over group or societal goals
is individualistic
what is a characteristic of interpersonal communication?
it impacts participants' relationships
When Rob sat down with Pat to discuss their relational separation. Pat began by bringing up old issues and problems that had long since been addressed. Pet is engaing in
kiteching sinking
which communication model is illustrated by text messaging and email?
linear
The reason or purpose for listening is (the)
listening functions
If Simon Cowell, a judge on America's Got talent, listens specifically to a contestant's vocal quality, what listening function is he demonstrating?
listening to analyze
When communicating online, typing in all capital letters is the noverbal equivalent of
loudness
Intense emotional connection is called
loving
Brian prefers encounters in which he can act like himself by expressing his values and beliefs
low self monitor
A communication major can pursue careers in:
marketing, sales, and public relations( all options)
If a public figure is not "out of the closet" to her fans, she is using which strategy to maintain her public self?
mask
Which is a public self that is designed to hide your private self?
mask
Which is a public self that is designed to hide yourself?
mask
What type of communication is transmitted using a technological device?
mediated communication
communicating using email, text messages . Skype, ot Twitter is referred to as
mediated communication
Which of these is a "package" of information?
message
When one person misperceives another verbal communication, what occurs?
misunderstanding
face-to face interaction, photos, soocial media posts, and texting are examples of
modalities
Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication is
more trusted
David is a son, brother, and uncle within his family. What characteristic of family is he experiencing?
multiple roles
Communication rules are
negiotiated between lovers or friends
Transmission of meaning through nonspoken physical and behavioral cues is
nonverbal communication
Misunderstandings occurs frequently online due to lack of
nonverbal cues
"Communication is irreversible" means
once you have communicated something, you can not take it back
collectivistic cultures tend to value
people-and content-oriented listening
A useful method for testing your impressions in order to avoid errors in judgement is
perception checking
Whhich physical distance zone would you maintain when talking with one of your close tet platonic friends?
personal space
When you're able to understand a friend's point of view without necessarily experiencing her emotions, you're exhibiting which componentof empathy?
perspective-taking
Which of thse refer to your ability to perceive yourself as a unique person and to reflect upon your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
self-awareness
The beliefs, attitudes, and values you have about yourself come together to create your
self-concept
your overall evaluation of your self
self-esteem
The tendency to act in ways that ensure interactions occur as you believed and predicted they would is called (a)
self-fullfilling prophecies
the process of observing our own communication and the norms of the situation in order to make appropiate communication choices is called
self-monitoring
A tendency to take credit for a succes by making an internal attribution is called the
self-serving bias
If you are winning at a blackjack table and explain to the other players that you have a knack(skills) for numbers, what perceptual error are you exhibiting?
self-serving bias
which of these asserts that you are more likely to choose friends who provide support for your self-concept?
self-vertification theory
In the linear and interactive models, the individual who generates information to be communicated is the
sender
The components of the linear model of communication are
sender, receiver, and noise
Both linear and interactive communication models
show both senders and receivers influence communication equally
Which of these influences your self-concept?
significant others, culture, and family
When is the beautiful-is-good effect occurs, we tend to perceive others as all of these EXCEPT
similar to us Beautiful-is-good effect include competent, intelligent, and well-adjusted
Which is a type of communication?
small group, interpersonal, and public
Which behavior communicates submissiveness?
smiling
The process of observing and assigning meaning to others' behaviors by comparing them against your own is called
social comparison
What physical distance zone is appropiate for use in a workplace?
social space
Which types of touch is most appropiate when you are hoping to acknowledge another person according to the norms or rules of a society?
social-polite touch
What method of impression formation is most likely to lead to prejudice?
stereotyping
What is the term for items that represent other things?
symbols
Which of the following is NOT one of Cicero's three goals of public speaking?
to make peace
which communication model introduces the concept of communicatin as collaboration?
transactional communication
Which model of communication recognizes the multidirectional, complex nature of communication?
transactional model of communication
A ballgame, work, or a classroom are all examples of communication contexts.
true
Affect displays can be untentional or intentional.
true
Competent communication suggests that one is able to apply his or her knowledge to repeatable goal-directed behaviors
true
Concealing information and being overly vague are forms of deception
true
Dialects include differences in accents
true
Effective listenersswitch between the 4 listening styles depending on the context.
true
If Raul's girlfriend reports she is not scared, yet she grips tightly and her eyes are glued wide open, he will believe her actions more than her words.
true
If you lose face, feelings of shame, humiliation, and embarrassment may result.
true
If your friend solicits your opinion on how to handle his relational difficulties only to discount and dismiss your opinion, he is demonstrating aggressive listening.
true
If your friend tells you about his bad day, you are more likely to provide support.
true
In individualistic cultures, time- and action-oriented listening is prevalent.
true
Individualistic cultures, your self, and your needs take precedence over the needs and interests of the group or collective.
true
Interpersonal communication can help you meet self-presentation, instrumental, and relationship goals
true
Many people take listening for granted, believing it just happens
true
Noise is present in all three models
true
Prejudiced language is a form of stereotyping
true
Research suggests that facial cues are the most important form of communication for forming impressions.
true
Research suggests that men tend to use more physical space than do women
true
Rhetoric involces theory and oractice of persuasion
true
Students suggest that both men and women prefer self-disclosing to women rather than to men.
true
The gestalts you form maybe positive or negative
true
The halo effect occurs when you make positive attributions about someone for whom you already formed a positive Gestalt
true
The horn effect occurs when you make negative attributions about someone for whom you have already formed a negative Gestalt.
true
The transactional model of communication is the most sophisticated of the three models
true
Using bakchannel cues such as "uh-huh" signal to the speaker that you are paying attention
true
We are likely to see those who are physically attractive as more competent, intelligent, and well-ajusted.
true
Women typically haze more at others during interaction than do men
true
the communication discipline can be an appropriate major for those pursuing careers in public relations, sales, or political consulting.
true
the effectiveness component focuses in achieving self-presentatiom, instrumental , and relationship goals
true
you can improve your listening skills by providing positive and timely feedback
true
Interpersonal communication involves
two people
the process of recognizing denotative meanings is
understanding
Active , effective listeners tend to
use all four listening styles, as needed
According to the cooperative principle, being relavant means speakers need to
use information applicable to the situation
Which of these isa mental construct that expresses enduring principles of what is good or bad and right or wrong?
value
The exchange of spoken or written language is
verbal communiation
Tone, pitch, loudness, and rate are all components of
vocalics
Structual improvements occur
when people change relationship rules to prevent conflict.
Integrative agreements occur
when two people develop a creative solution to solve their problem
According to the National Communication Association, all of the following behaviors are considered to be examples of ethical behavior EXCEPT
withholding feelings and info in a significant interpersonal relationship
According to Self-Discrepancy theory, your self-esteem is highest when
your self- concept matches your ideal and ought selves.
The composite of social, psychological, and cultural characteristics that charaterize people as male or female is called
gender
Ahmed is concerned that his friend Mark has been smoking cigarettes. Of the possible respones below, which one best refelcts the cooperative principle?
" I'm worried about uour health."
What type of message should you avoid when expressing empathy?
"I know" messages
What statement reflects the notion of self-concept is influenced by the labels that others have of you?
"My brother always says I'm not smart as he is"
Language that focuses attention in and blames others is called
"you" language
Which of the following statements about relational dialectics is TRUE?
- Relationships dialectics are only bad if not dealt with - naturally occur in interpersonal relationships - involve competing tensions ( all of the above)
Nonverbal communication can be used to
- express emotion - present your self - manage interaction (all options are correct)
To increase your ability to interpret and understand noverbal communication, you should
- practice perception-checking - consider the context - consider the other person's culture ( all options are correct)
What is considered to be the single most important characteristic of competent communication?
Honesty
Which of the follwong statements about nonverbal communication is TRUE?
Nonverbal communication conveys more meaning than nonverbal communication
Which type of gestures satisfies a psychological need?
Adaptor
If during a medical exam, your physician maibtains a neutral face when she finds a serious proble, what type of behavior is she demonstrating?
An incongruent message
Who was the first to teach about value of a speaker's ability?
Aristotle
While attending a movie, you are disturbed by a child behind you who talks incessantly while repeatedly kicking back from your seat. You respond by occasionally turning around and fidgeting in your seats. What type of conflict-management style are you exhibiting?
Avoidance
In what stage of coming apart does communication virtually cease?
Avoiding
Sarah is upset because her significant other broke up with her. When her friend Kim asks her what's wrong. Sarah replies, "Nothing." Which component of cooperative verbal communiaction is Sarah is violating?
Be honest
In what stage of relationship development do partners formalize or make public their commitment to one another?
Bonding
Business partners Arnetta and Xavier are designing their new office space and furnishings. They want to communicate success and impress visiting clients, so they choose high-quality hardwood flooring and elegant furniture. Which aspect of nonveral communication does this illustrate?
Both fixed and semi-fixed environmental features
Which statement is TRUE about companionate love?
Companionate love is an intense form of liking with emotional investment.
Frank influences his partner, Alicia, and seems to always get her to comply with his needs and wishes. However, it seems she always has to accomodate to his needs. What short-term conlfict resolution form is Frank demonstrating?
Domination
What component of competent communication pertains to achieving your goals?
Effectiveness
Which of these is a method of communicating more competently that involves perspective-taking and feeling concern for how other people are feelng?
Empathy
Before Mark departs for service in Iraq, he tells his girlfriend he loves her. How is his nonverbal communication functioning in this situation?
Enhancing the verbal message
Joachin is telling his parents about a funny cat video he saw online. hen he describes the video, he imitates the cat's actions. How is Joachin's nonverbal communication functioning inthis situation?
Enhancing the verbal message
Nikolas and Eric have gone out a couple of times. Their conversation is primarily composed of small talk where they learn about each other' s similarities. Which stage best characterizes their relationship?
Experimenting
Which of the following is NOT considered to be an influence on the self?
Face
Communications scholars have only recently begun to explore the challeges and promise of human communication
False
Conflict begins with communication.
False
Listeneers who are able to multitask demonstrate more effective listening
False
Power seems only to be present in our relationships in the workplace.
False
Research suggests that men are better than women at using and understanding nonverbal communication
False
Selective listening is a useful way to overcome the barriers to listening.
False
When Miranda's athletic trainer wrapped her ankle with an elastic bandage after she twisted her ankle, what type of touch was the trainer using?
Functional-professional touch
Which communication model demonstrates communication as a one-way process from start to finish?
Linear
Which of these communication skills transends communication type and context?
Listening
What listening function would be most appropiate if your sister, who is very shy, decided to sing a song at your locl karaoke bar?
Listening to provide support
A communication major can pursue careers in:
Marketing and public relations, sales, political consulting ( all options are correct)
Are new neighbor moves in next door and you see her often in the halls, at the mailboxes, and in the parking lot. You end up forming a frienship with her. What phenomenon are you experiencing?
Mere exposure effect
Whixh of the following is NOT a true statement conflict?
Most people blame themselves for a conflict Conflicts include most confict occurs between those who know each other well, most conflicts proceeds through several stages, and occurs between family members and romantic partners.
When you're able to understand a friend's point of view without necessarily experiencing her emotions, you're exhibiting which component of empathy?
Perspective-taking
Language that expresses contempt, dislike, or disdain for a group or its members is called
Prejudiced Language
Bill was raised in a family where commmunication was devalued. Sensitive topics and issues were not talked about and, instead, only safe topics such as the weather and current events were discussed. Bill's family could be described as having a focus on which characteristics?
Protection
While listening to a grieving friend, it is wise to avoid
Pseudo listening
Which of the following does NOT result from destructive messages?
Psuedo-conlfict
Which is NOT a competent way to manage verbal online aggression?
Remember to use "you" language.
When Amy's friend finishes giving his presentaion, Amy tells him "You did great" and gives him a thumbs up. How is is Amy's nonverbal communication functioning in this situation?
Repeating the verbal communication
Beth raises her voice and increases her volume on the word stop when she tells her two-year-old daughter, " Please STOP throwing your bottle.". How is Beth's nonverbal communication functioning in this situation?
Spotlighting the verbal message
Jackson and sophia have been married for 15 years. They both feel like they are just going through the motions, only using communication as needed to maintain their household. what stage of coming apart are they experiencing?
Stagnating
What is the final stage of coming apart, in which partners end the relationship?
Terminating
Which strategy can be used to achieve cooperative verbal communication?
Use more " we" language
Separation is
a conflict ending in which one party withdrawa
Auditory, visual, and tacticle are examples of
channels
Communication is your primary vehicle for all of the follwing EXCEPT:
choosing a major
Women's verbal communiaction has been stereotypically associated with all of these EXCEPT
clarity; women stereotypes include wordiness, indirectness and tentativeness, and flowery adjectives
Brenden is hunting around in the kitchen and asks he wife, "Hac=ve you seen my..." and she says "Keys?" Whar characteristic of the transactional model of communication does this illustrate?
collaboration
The most constructive approach to managibg conflict is
collaboration
small group communication involves all of the following EXCEPT
communicating between two people
The process through which people use message to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media
communication
Communication that is appropriate, effective, and ethical is considered
competent
When Mark's boyfriend is upset, Mark carefully listens to not only the words his boyfriend is saying but also how are they said. Mark is listening to
comprehend
When listening to a lecture in class, you are most likely listening to
comprehend
Which is the most frequent form of deception?
concealment
Your friend is on an exciting trip to New Zealand and sends you photos of her travels. In response, you text her: "I hate you!" Your friend understands that what you really mean is that you are jealous but happy that she is having fun on her trip. What type of meaning is your friend applying?
connotative meaning
Asscoiated or implied meanings are callled
connotative meanings
Which defines which words represent which objects?
constitutive rules
Situations as a college class, a party, or workplace are
contexts
Telling a friend " I loved that movie" while rolling your eyes to indicates that you didn't really love the movie is an example of your nonverbal commuincation
contradicting the verbal message
Which of these is a type of self-awareness that focuses on evaluating and improving your communication skills?
critical self-reflection
Habitually attacking a person online is
cyberbullying
The intentional use of language to misrepresent or mislead others is
deception
A person demonstrating active and effective listening does NOT
delay feedback
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "set" has more definitions than any other english word. What type of meanings are these defintions?
denotative meanings
Literal, dictionary-based meanings are
denotative meanings
Submissiveness is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
direct gaze; submissiveness includes looking down or away, allowing others to invade your space, and taking up less space
Self-disclosure is most effectivelu used as as a relational maintainance strategy when you
disc;ose your slef and encourage disclosure from your partner
Behaviors used to exert power and influence over others communicate
dominance
Kitching sinking is
dredging up past, unrelated problems.
Losing face can cause shame, humiliation, and sadness-all components of (the)
embarrasment
What type of gesture substitute for verbal messages?
emblems
Henry just found out that his best friend has divorced. Having recently been through a divorce himself, Henry can understand how he is feeling and offers to listen to him when he wants to talk. Henry is demonstrating
empathy
According to Paual Grice, all of the following are characteristics of understandable verbal communication EXCEPT
empathy; cooperative principle includes honest, clarity, relevance, and informative
A leader that focuses on accomplishing the task while simultaneously disregarding how and where information is obtained is ignoring what component of competent communication?
ethics
the set of moral principles that guide your behavior is called
ethics
Affect displays are primarily displayed through (the)
face
The positive self you acttively creatw and present through your communication is called (the)
face
Mediated communication includes all of the following EXCEPT
face-to-face meeting
Accommodation is an approach to managing conflict occurs when one person refuses to give in to the needs or desires of their relational partner.
false
According to the mere exposure effect, you are less likely to be attracted to those whom you see often or have frequent contect with.
false
Algebraic impressions are quick first impressions about the people you meet.
false
Andy knows when he receives a text message from his father that says "We need to talk" Andy has done something wrong. This is an example of the denotative meaning of language.
false
Conflict happens only in troubled relationships and should be avoided.
false
Constitutive rules guide spelling, grammar, and conversational structure
false
Culture can be defined as a coherent set of attitudes, values, and practices held by individuals
false
If while driving you are cut off by another driver and flip them "the bird", you are using an illustrator
false
If you are chairing a meeting and remind members to stay focused on finishing your agenda, you are meeting relationship goals.
false
Most communication is reversible
false
Regulative rules define words' meanings
false
Research suggests that women are more territorial than men
false
There are significant differences in verbal communication between men and women.
false
Verbal communication conveys more meaning than nonverbal communication.
false
When nonverbal messages are contradict verbal messages, people tend to believe the verbal messages more.
false
Your self is formed at infancy and remains static overtime over life experiences
false
listening involves only a single act
false
What variables does the interactive communication model add to the linear communications model?
feedback and fields of experience
The human tendency to think others' behavior is caused by internal rather than external or environmental causes is called the
fundamental attribution error
the use of verbal and nonverbal communication to signal attention and understanding is
positive feedback
To increase your ability to interpret and understand nonverbal communication, you should
practice percepton checking, consider the context, consider the other person's location ( all options are correct)
The physical distance we use when communicating is called
proxemics
If Marcie and Mark have a struggle where they believe their goals are incompatible, but in fact their goals are compatible, they are demonstrating
pseudo-conflict
Pretending to listen when you are not actually paying attention is known as
pseudo-listening
which type of communication involves preparing and delivering a message to an audience to achieve a specific purpose?
public communicationor public speaking
All languages have their own rules regarding spelling, grammar, and pronuniciation. What are these rules called?
regulative rules
competing tensions or impulses experienced with a relationship partner are known as
relational dialectics
Culture can include
religion, gender, and sexual orientation
What is the ability to recall information?
remembering
If you point in a particular direction while providing someone directions, in what ways are you using nonverbal communication?
repeating the verbal message
If you point in a particular direction while providing someone directions, in what way are you using nonverbal communication?
repeating the verbal messages
Which of the following is a type of ineffective listening?
selective listening
