Speech and Language Final Exam

Place the steps for language production (expression) in order

1. Conceptual basis of message forms in the frontal lobe 2. Broca's area details and organizes program for verbalizing the message 3. Message is sent to motor cortex 4. During vocalization respiration, phonation, and articulation occur

Place the steps for language processing (comprehension) in order

1.A person attends to auditory stimulation(speech) 2. Auditory signals are received in the thalamus and sent to Heschl's gyrus 3.Heschl's area separates significant from insignificant input 4. Coded linguistic information is sent to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe, paralinguistic information is sent to the right temporal lobe

Place the step of the Information Processing model in the correct order

1.Attention 2. Discrimination 3. Organization 4.Memory

Place these developmental accomplishments in order from first to last to emerge

1.Reflexive sounds 2.Cooing and gooing 3.Babbling 4.Jargon/phonetically consistent form 5. One-word utterances

Which of these is not an example of symbolic or pretend play:

A child bangs two blocks together

Which of the following is not a cavity of the upper airway

Abdominal cavity

A child who has a schema for flowers sees a rose, then points and says, "flower." This experience is an example of

Assimilation

Children who are profoundly deaf are most likely to communicate via ASL, which can be described as the____approach

Auditory--visual

Which area of the brain is responsible for the language production?

Broca's area

A student in the classroom frequently interacts with other without difficulty. However, when the teacher asks questions about a story that was read, which requires identifying a possible solution to a problem, the child is unable to come with an answer. In which of the following areas would you suspect a problem?

Critical thinking

Which of the following is a reflexive sound?

Crying

Children who have the ability to separate an object from its immediate context, such as using a word to represent an object that is not present during play, are able to

Decontextualize

Problems associated with hearing loss can become worse with

Delays in treatment

____are used in combination with root words to form new words

Derivational morphemes

____increases the foundations of print, promotes the growth of vocabulary, and supports children in their use of language to share ideas

Dialogic book sharing

Executive functions include all but which of the following

Discriminating sounds

A language disorder that you are likely to encounter in your classroom is a child who speaks using an African American dialect

False

True of false: For the purposes of instructional accommodations, there is no difference between hard-of-hearing and deaf

False

True of false: Non-linguistic features of language account for the different interpretation of: Ben LOVES Mary, compared to "Ben loves MARY.

False

True or false: A sign that a child may be at risk of a language-learning problem is not using at least 100 words by 24 months of age

False

True or false: Hearing loss in both ears is considered a unilateral hearing loss

False

True or false: Language differences between males and females indicate that males demonstrate earlier language acquisition for vocabulary

False

True or false: The role of the classroom teacher is to diagnose language delays and provide a nurturing environment for learning

False

True or false: The tongue is static articulator

False

True or false: The larynx is located at the lower end of the trachea

False: Upper

The ability to read text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression is known as

Fluency

Broca's area is found in which lobe of the brain?

Frontal

Knowledge of the components of language is important for teachers because it allows them to

Identify areas needing attention

Which of the following placements would probably be most appropriate for a student with a hearing impairment who exhibits near age-appropriate speech, language, academic, and conversational skills?

Inclusion

Three dominant theories of language development are

Innateness, emergentism, and environmental

_____is the label for the vocalization with adult-like prosody that occurs soon before a child begins producing real words

Jargon

When an infant and an adult look at the same object, arising from the infant's interest, and the adult provides a label for the object, this is an example of

Joint focus

A child is shown a stuffed animal and asked to describe it. The child describes the animal in 10 different ways. This is an example of what characteristic of language

Language is generative

Refers to the component of language concerned with speech sounds

Phonology

Langauge FORM includes which components of language

Phonology, morphology, and syntax

The term that describes the brains ability to reorganize itself is

Plasticity

Use of gestures is an indication of a child's______skills

Pre-linguistic

A child says, "Daddy's eating." The Brown's Morpheme(s) present in the utterance is

Present Progressive--ing and contractible auxiliary

The process that involves improving and strengthening neural connections in the brain is called

Pruning

Repeating a child's error production using a correct model is called

Recasting

If a child is able to understand the teacher's directions, instructions, and explanation, it is likely that he or she has adequate____skills?

Receptive language

Around 9-12 months of age, children begin to produce sequences of repeated consonant-vowel syllables, such as "babababa." This is an example of

Reduplicated babbling

A basic psychological structure for organizing information is

Schema

A child having difficulty monitoring his/her progress with a task may have trouble with

Self-regulation

Which of the following is not a plausible reason for a child to have a language difference:

Some children are just not pre-wired to learn how to babble

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neutron?

Synapse

Describes the component of language that governs sentence structure

Syntax

In what area of the brain is the cerebellum located?

The base

Which area of the brain controls executive functions like regulation

The frontal lobe

Johnny, a fourth grader with a mild form of Autism, has trouble relating to his classmates. He is unable to understand their feelings and thoughts or use that information to predict how they will behave. Johnny has not yet developed a

Theory of mind

True of false: It is common for second-language learners to be incorrectly identified as having reading deficits

True

True or False:Rising intonation at the end of a sentence indicates a question is being asked?

True

True or false: Classroom teachers should collaborate with the speech language pathologist to ensure effective strategies are being used to support students' speech attempts throughout the child's school day

True

True or false: Development of theory of mind is critical for language development

True

True or false: Girls may attain language targets earlier than boys

True

True or false: It is possible to have language without speech

True

True or false: Phonological processes are the errors that typically developing young children frequently make when producing words

True

True or false: Young children's receptive vocabulary typically exceeds their expressive vocabulary

True

Which of the following is a developmental milestone in language development the teachers of young children should expect to be accomplished around 24 months of age?

Vocabulary of 50 words

The_____ is/are the source of the "voice"

Vocal folds

The most important area of the brain for language comprehension is

Wernicke's area

According to Vygotsky, the_____is the distance between what a child can do independently and what a child can do with a support from an adult

ZPD

A child who encounters a print-rich environment learns that literacy is

a useful part of life

Which of the following phrases represents high-density African American English dialect?

and his papers all falling

A child attempting to say the word dog says the word gog. This is an example of

assimilation

Piaget describes the process of fitting new information into an existing schema as

assimilation

Which of the following is not an example of a morpheme?

car

The ability to alternate between the use of two different languages or alternating between varieties of the same language is referred to as

code-switching

Learning words by using information that surrounds a word to figure out its meaning is called using

context clues

Pre-reading abilities like holding a book and pretending to read, understanding the connection between letters on the page and sounds that are heard are all part of

emergent literacy

The knowledge, abilities, and attitudes about reading and writing that young children acquire before they experience formal literacy instruction is called

emergent literacy

True or false: "Gyri" and "fissures" refer to the same anatomical structures within the brain

false

Language that is intended to impart complex meaning other than the literal interpretation of words is called

figurative language

Stuttering falls in what category of language disorders

fluency

Voice is produced by rapid vibration of the

folds

The visual representation of speech and sounds are called

graphemes

Which of the following involves the ear's ability to provide acoustic access to the brain?

hearing

Three dominant theories of language development are

innateness, emergentism, and environmental

Many language functions are located in the___ hemisphere of the brain

left

Which of the following involves focusing and attending to the available acoustic event that occur in the brain?

listening

Which of the following is not a type of linguistic knowledge required for accurate spelling?

metalinguistic

Which of the following is an effective strategy teachers can use to help children learn new vocabulary from their reading?

model curiosity about word meaning

The component of language that governs the structure of of words, such as adding plurals, possessives, and past-tense endings is referred to as

morphology

The understanding that the same sound can be spelled different ways in print is called

orthographic knowledge

Conductive hearing loss affects

outer and middle ear

Which of the following behaviors might a teacher not expect from a hearing impaired student?

overuse of complex sentences

The knowledge that words are composed of individual sounds is called

phonological awareness

Children's use of language in the classroom to interact with peers and adults is called

pragmatics

Which of the following is not a type of scaffold?

pragmatics

Teachers' increased awareness of the forms of African American English make them

respond more positively to students' use of African American English

Which of the following refers to the meaning conveyed in language

semantics

An irreversible hearing loss resulting from damage to the cochlea and/or auditory nerve is called

sensorineural hearing loss

Disparities in academic performance between white and African American children are referred to as

the achievement gap

True or false: Classroom teachers should collaborate with the speech language pathologist to ensure effective strategies are being used to support students speech attempts

true

Which utterance asking for a cookie would most likely correspond with the language development of an 18 month-old child/

Cookie?

A child pronouncing the word "sat" as "sack" is an example of?

Backing

Which of the following sentence types is formed coordinating conjunction?

Compound

___is the language theorist most well known for the Innateness Theory of Language development

Chomsky

If a child is reaching for a plate of cookies and the mother says, "I want______(with rising intonation suggesting that she wants a verbal response from the child), she is using what type of scaffolding?

Cloze procedure