Speech Chapter 20 "Choose and Rehearse a Method of Delivery"

Underprepared

research and prep for outline, doesn't mean you're ready for intro body conc main point describe without your outline in front of you, record yourself, rehearse in a place similar to the setting., no long gaps, eyes on audience, look and sound prepared,

Overprepared

scripted and memorized mostly but here too

script

selected words ahead of time but may forget

Be brief

short, help listener remember, brief conc, thank them for listening

Draw from what has happened

situation you're in, make reference to it, occurrences or experiences in common with you listeners increases the attachment you form with them

Don't panic

slow deep breathe and tell yourself you can do this, pos self talk, reduce neg feelings, improve performance, wouldn't be asked to speak if you didn't have something valuable to say

extemp

speaking notes guide delivery but you choose words to say

Rehearse extemp speech

speaking outline, specific purpose, thesis, preparation outline, organizes intro, body, conc, supporting material, speaking outline, records, clearly, confidently, gestures, facial expressions, look around, glance at notes, conversional,

Lectern

stand with a slanted top behind which a speaker stands, aka podium, aka rostrum

Methods of delivery

1. Impromptu 2.Extemporaneous 3. Scripted 4. Memorized

Memorizing your presentation

1. divide into major pieces like intro etc 2. Visualize familiar space, assign each part to a specific room 3. Work on intro first, record, listen, stop and continue, visualize finding words in that room 4. master previous sections first 5. memorized each section rehearse entire speech, walk through home

Think in threes

3 points you want to make it about, outline, more than 3 points makes it hard for your listeners to remember

Polish your delivery

Move, gesture, not too many not too few, too loud or quiet, variation in voice, move around or are you standing behind lectern, memorizing is only one part of the delivery

We use our voice differently when we converse and when we read

Difference lies in the pattern of pitch, conversion our pitch is lively and varied, read out loud we get readers voice

Impromptu

Little prep, sound genuine, stressful because of lack of prep, think on the spot

Scripted

Max control, speaker always knows what to say, takes time to prep, distracting, nonverbal suffer

Steps

Prepare specific purpose Thesis statement Preparation outline locate and evaluate supporting material intro body conc speaking outline

Extemporaneous

Use of notes, conversational, takes time to prepare, hard when time or precise work

Handle the manuscript properly

benefit of using a teleprompter, manipulate a printed manuscript, drop, shuffle into wrong order, easily lose place, turning page might distract listeners, if behind podium put it in binder, plastic sheet protectors extra noise, move top to bottom, hold manuscript in one hand and use other hand to gesture, practice dropping so you can practice recovery, number each page at top large

reframing

change your negative perception of the increase in energy, channel energy in ways to enhance your performance, help you think of content for your speech

Extemporous

common form of delivery

Memorized speaking

compose word for word then deliver from memory, control over words, gesture naturally, move around, eye contact, time frame, don't have to handle notes, a lot of time and energy to prepare, overally formal, may not sound as sincere, memory can fail

Impromptu speech

deliver on the spot, little or no preparation, short, spontaneously, organize your thoughts into speaking points, nerve wracking, get more comfortable the more you practice

Chunking

dividing your speech into small, meaningful segments so you can pause and look at your audience, contain 1 or 2 sentences, chunk in middle of sentence, feels natural, pause when feels natural and mark it

Extemporaneous

fluent, organized, work with outline, conversational even though rehearsed, avoid under/overprepared

Practice recovery from memory failures

forget the words, tell friends to interrupt you and practice revering, recover is to improvise, consider what you were saying right before you're memory failed, and talk about it, jog memory and resume speech without anyone noticing

Extemporaneous

gives you advantage, some planning time, prepared to sound natural and conversational, use minimal notes, maintain eye contact, help keep audience engaged, mutual tone of voice, speaking notes to not lose place, hard to do in narrow time frame, hard if words need to be precise or when quoting others

Memorized

high level of control over verbal, no notes, gestures, eye contact, effort to prep, sound insincere, embasarsing if memory fails

Impromptu produces the most anxiety

least amount of time to prep techniques... 1. Don't panic 2. Think in threes 3. Draw from what has happened 4. Be brief

Eye contact varies from culture to culture

many cultures value eye contact, lack of contact lack of credibility, depend on sex or relative status, Asian lower their eyes to speak to someone superior, Islamic caution when looking at people of the opposite sex don't stare,

Maintain suffiecnt eye contact

out of all the forms this is the hardest one to maintain eye contact (manuscript), chunking

Readers voice

pitch is monotone until it falls at the end of each phrase, most difficult challenge of using a manuscript, stiff, uninteresting rather than energetic and sincere phrases sound the same, easily gloss over context of speech, combat by practicing reading while varying tone volume rate as in a conversation, record and listen,, flat, rehearse until it doesn't sound read event though you are reading it

free association

therapeutic technique by Freud, psychoanalysis, creativity, think on feet, word or phrase, write down everything you think about it, don't worry if its logical, leads to ideas you would have never predicted before, practice thinking in creative and unexpected ways

Challenge yourself as you rehearse

think on the spot, interrupt, recover, practice random prompts, become better at adapting

Practicing a manuscript

unique challenges, avoid readers voice, eye contact 1. Avoid readers voice 2. Handle the manuscript properly 3. Eye contact

Avoiding paralysis through reframing

use fear to energize your performance, form of energy your body produces when it feels threatened, threatened by the possibly of embarrassing yourself, social approval is deeply ingrained in all of us, embarrass ourselves too much we risk rejection, isolation and loneliness, take risk of embarrassment seriously, generate fear in the form of energy, heart beat faster, breathe heavier, fidget, use energy and change thoughts about it, I'm in crisis feel fear flight or fight inhibits their ability to speak well, adapt to anxiety, think differently, energized by this opportunity, reframing

Read

vocab lang styles reading broadly help you

Scripted

word for word manuscript, read aloud, fit a time frame, tele promotors, grammatically accurate, well planned, comforting, easiest form of speaking, take much more energy to prepare, time consuming, reduce nonverbal, control over words