Speech Quiz #1

What is the transactional model?

(most recently made) - simultaneous sending and receiving of messages - feedback is constantly being shared verbally and nonverbally - no one speaker or listener, just 2 people

What is in the body of the speech framework?

- 2 to key ideas: easily identified - organized logically - support ideas

How will communication help information literacy?

- able to find appropriate sources, analyze material, evaluate credibility, and cite leagally and ethically - media literacy? what motivates the communicators biases? what constrains them to speak?

What is the speakers role in communication?

- anticipate questions - consider interests/attitudes (frames of reference)

What are some examples of how a channel can influence a message?

- breaking up by text - facetiming for help on putting something together - face to face for resigning

What do frames of reference do?

- cause messages to be interpreted or received differently - cause us to create perceptual filters

How will communication help citizens in a democracy?

- competent and ethical communicators are central to advancing our democracy - democracy - an exercise of communication

Lucy is great at speaking in person but when she gets into small groups or one-on-one conversation she stutters. What type of apprehension is this?

- context based apprehension

What does the element people bring to the communication process?

- experiences, goals, values, attitudes, beliefs - frames of reference: gender and culture (affect what they say and interpret)

There are two speakers one believes she is ill and feels as if she is about to vomit. Meanwhile the other drops the speech class all together. What type of effect are each feeling?

- feeling ill: internal - drop class (avoid): external

What are the three methods of organizing information?

- figure -ground - grouping

What is the point of the introduction?

- gain attention - main purpose

What kind of interference is shaking?

- internal for me - external for listener

What does the element "feedback" mean in the communication process?

- involves speaker and listener simultaneously - feed back tells us what we should do next - shows if listeners recieved message intended

Tommorrow you have to give a speech for a grade, which you are going to ace. But you are anxious. What type of apprehension is this?

- learned - situational-based apprehension

When giving a presentation you can not get feedback during your speech verbally, what can you look for to know if the listeners got the message or to know what to do next?

- look at non verbal - nodding heads - facial expressions

What are the 6 goals of this class?

- more competent communicators - confident - ethical communicator - better critical thinker - information literacy - citizens in a democracy

What is an example of how we communicate non-verbally and the message changes with frame of reference?

- peace sign - # 2 w/ hands - winston churchill

Through what type of things can people develop learned communication apprehension?

- people we admire are anxious when speaking - negative experience

Factors affecting perception:

- physical - past experiences - current situation

How is communication apprehension learned?

- situational-based apprehension - audience-based apprehension - context-based apprehension

What ways can communication apprehension be managed?

- systematic desensitization - cognitive restructuring - visualization - skills training

What does the element "context" mean in the communication process?

- time of day, location, or social situation

What should you avoid when dressing for a presentation?

- workout clothes - festive - tight clothes - clothes with writing - flashy accessories

What are some examples of situational-based apprehension?

- you are at a funeral and are overwhelmed with grief - you are at a job interview and really need the job

What are some examples of audience-based apprehension?

- you meet a new person and are anxious - you are talking to a really strict teacher

You have signed up for a public speaking class and you have to go present in public. What type of apprehension is this?

-learned - context-based apprehension

factors affecting self-concept:

1) communication with self or self-awareness - when you describe yourself are your words positive or not? 2) communication with others - self-fulfilling prophecy - the judgements affect how we feel act and behave

How will learning communication develop competent communicators?

4 skills: knowledge, skill, motivation, judgement - know and want to communicate effectively

Carmen finds a job on a hospital's website. The posting says to email HR to apply for the job, so she sends her resume and never receives an email back confirming that HR received her resume. Which model of communication best describes Carmen's communication experience with HR?

Actional Model

Sarah called her grandmother to wish her a happy birthday. Sarah's phone call is an example of which part of the communication process?

Channel

Jim and Tom are at the doctors office and both have to get a shot. Jim focuses on the shot because he is interested in medicene, but Tom focuses on the background elevator music. which type of organization are each using to process the information

Jim - figure Tom - ground

Identify all the elements of communication in this senerio: saying hi to my friend after the break in Colby in the morning. We both said hi and we were both smiling and laughing. When I said goodbye she waved. However, I could not hear her say goodbye because colby was filled with lots of laughter.

People: Eva and Me message: hi and goodbye, non-verbal smiling, hugging, waving channel: face-to-face interference: laughter in colby context: colby, morning, reunion feedback: her saying hi after i said hi, her waving

What type of benefit comes from communication helping create meaningful relationships?

Personal

A women goes in to interview for a job as a construction worker. She is ignored through the interview despite her credentials that prove she is capable of the work. what is taking place, is it good or bad?

Select, subjective bias, bad

What is your self-concept made of?

Self-image and self-esteem

you are in a room full of people dressed in blue jeans and cowboy boots. You also know the stockshow is going on for the entire month. you decide they are involved with the stockshow. How did you come to this conclusion?

Through interpreting using closure

What is the actional communication model?

a linear process - speaker sends a message to a listener who receives it -communication has a beginning and end

What is confirmation bias?

a tendency to count the hits and forget the misses

How will communication help critical thinking?

ability to defer judgement until you have enough information to act - do not accept all or reject all - curiosity / wait-and-see - enhance media and info literacy

Your mom sees an exit sign that has a restraunt and decides to take it. What kind of communication has just taken place?

actional model

what are the 3 models of communication?

actional, interactional, transactional

Which of the following components is NOT a part of the basic speech framework? - an intro - transitions - 2-5 key ideas

all of these are included

communication apprehension

an individual's fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others - public speaking increases this because it is grades, critized or the audiences reaction is unknown

What is audience-based apprehension?

anxious because of who we are communicating with

What is context-based apprehension?

anxious in certain settings

What is situational-based apprehension?

anxious, temporarily, due to an event

What does the element "interference" mean in the communication process?

anything that gets in the way of shared meaning between speaker and listener

Ben loves Maroon 5. He gets tickets for himself and his girlfriend Jackie to see the band. Leading up to the concert, he wins backstage passes to meet the band in person. He is overwhelming excited but also anxious about meeting the group. Ben's apprehension is most likely based on _____________

audience-based apprehension

What is the basic speech framework?

beginning body conclusion

Julia is watch a youtube video. What element in the communication process does this resemble?

channel

What two ways can you interpret?

closure and context

Jon is nervous about his upcoming speech. He worries that his mind will go blank while giving his speech. His friend Mark reminds him to think about the numerous times his practice sessions have gone smoothly and if he forgets where he's at in his speech, he can always look down at his cards. Mark has reminded Jon to use which communication apprehension management strategy?

cognitive restructuring

You are nervous for an upcoming concert and believe you are going to be sick. Instead you tell yourself that if you eat a healthy meal and get good sleep you will be healthy. In what way are you managing apprehension?

cognitive restructuring

When your mom says you never do the dishes, or alison tells wade you always leave the seat up, what is this an example of?

confirmation bias "never doing" this "always doing" that

What should have sam done as the speaker in this situation?

considered the audiences frame of reference

What is the interactional model?

considers feedback - listener responds to speaker's message - both send and receive - limited because there is a delay in feedback - does not show interference

For your graduation party you decide to have a party at 9 at night instead of 9 am what part of the communication process does this reflect?

context

For your interview you decide to hold it at a restraunt instead of a business office this change in venue reflects what part of the communication process?

context

What else effects how we view ourselves or events?

context

Examples of current situation affecting perception:

context/environment in which interactions occur and influence how you react

What is visualization?

creating a positive picture in your mind

Before you were pregnant you thought you would work right everyday and not let cravings make you gain weight. However no you are pregnant and could care less. What is this an example of?

current situation affecting perception

how is communication apprehension hereditary?

enduring personality trait - although most people are not born like this and thus do not suffer this way

What is open

everything you and others know about you

What does it mean to interpret with context?

examine the situation to make sense of our perceptions

Jake is giving a speech but continues to use the words like and um through out his presentation. What type of effect is he experiencing because of communication apprehension?

external

Ramon is so nervous about giving his presentation that he decides to not show up to class on his assigned speech day. This is an example of what type of effect of communication apprehension?

external effect

Sara is trying to order a drink at sonic, but when she says her order a firetruck drives by, and the person on the other end gets her order wrong. What part of the communication process is this?

external interference

You are going on a tour of TCU in the middle of the winter. It is 32 degrees and you are freezing. You finish the tour and realize you got nothing from the experience what part of the communication process caused this?

external interference

natural nervousness

extra adrenaline that provides a speaker with added energy before a presentation

Eva and Katie are run into each other in colby and begin talking. What element in the communication process does this resemble?

face-to-face - channel

Skills deficit is the 3rd cause of communication apprehension, what does this mean?

fear because we do not do it effectively - lack the skills

James is giving a presentation when he notices one of the audience members gazing at a wall. This tells james his presentation maybe a little boring. What part of communication does this resemble?

feedback

What does an actional model of communication not have

feedback that can accepted

What are examples of transitions?

flow, first, to begin, additionally, finally

What does it mean to organize info by ground?

focus on the foreground or background

Examples of physical factors affecting perception:

height, weight, apperance, gender, senses of sight, sound, smell, and touch

Johari window

helps understand the relationship between who we are and what we share with others

Causes of Communication Apprehension

hereditary, learned, skills deficit

How will learning communication develop ethical communication?

honesty, clarity, open, willing to listen, sensitive, based on past

self-concept / self-appraisal

how do you see yourself? how do you feel about the way you see yourself? How do you think others would describe you? How does that make you feel?

What is self-image?

how you describe yourself how you think others describe you ex: physical: tall, blonde, psychological: smart, roles: daughter, hobbies: netflix, career: college student

You call your friend but get her voicemail. Later in the day she calls you back and leaves a message on your machine. What communication model is this?

interactional

you send an email back and forth to a teacher to get more information on an upcoming project. What kind of communication has just taken place?

interactional

Tara is giving a presentation when her hands begin to shake, palms sweat and she forgets part of the presentation. What type of effect is she experiencing because of communication apprehension?

internal effects

Joe was up until 4am and can not pay attention to the lesson the next day in class what part of the communication process does this show?

internal interference

Migual is "mentally distracted" by a recent argument he had with his girlfriend and doesn't hear the instructions he needs to complete his chemistry lab experiment. His "mental distraction" is an example of which part of the communication process?

internal interference

You are in class listening to speeches and you have to go next. When the speaker in front of you goes you have no idea what she is saying. What part of the communication process is this?

internal interference (stress)

Why is it important to dress up for a presentation?

it is the first thing your audience will notice. It will impact how you feel

What is the problem with selective perception?

it upholds bias - confirmation bias - selective retention

What is an example of an internal interference?

lack of concentration, personal concerns, physical ailments, stress, or conflict

You are talking to a person you have a crush on when you become nervous. What type of apprehension is this?

learned - audience-based apprehension

Out of the things the element of people brings to the communication process which one is extremely important?

life experiences

What is the listeners role in communication?

listen attentively to the message

What could have cat possibly done better?

listened more to the message the words sam said (positive or negative) connotation

What is the most important thing to do in terms of dressing for a presentation?

match what you wear with the occassion and audience

Margaret rules her eyes, stomps off, and crosses her arms. What element in the communication process does this resemble?

message / non-verbal

What is unknown

no one knows (a hidden talent)

What does it mean to organize by grouping?

occurs when events are close together or alike

What four areas does the johari window divide our self-awareness into?

open hidden blind unknown

In the perception process, what do you have to do after you select the info in order for the info to be useful?

organize it

You are in italy on July 4th and hear fireworks going off and think someone must be celebrating the fourth of july. Why did you think this despite being in italy?

past experience affecting perception

What are the elements of communication?

people (speaker/listener) - the message - channel - interference (internal/external) - feedback - context

Clara is asked to give a wedding toast and because of her communications class feels prepared for the speech? What type of benefit has learning to communicate given her?

personal

Josh has to give a presentation for work and is hoping to do really well. Luckily he has taken a communication classes? What type of benefit has learning to communicate given him?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication helping build confidence in expressing ideas or defending them?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication helping someone communicate better with people who are different?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication helping to sharpen critical thinking skills?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication that helps to become a better listener?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication when it helps you analyze, apply, synthesize, and evaluate communication events?

personal

What type of benefit comes from communication when it helps you be a better consumer of into from media sources?

personal

You have a migraine and someone is talking loudly because they are excited you see it as them being abnoxious. What is this an example of?

physical factors affecting perception

When is subjective bias not bad for you?

picking a movie or food

How will learning communication develop confidence?

practice / develop relationships, conduct audience analysis

What type of benefit comes from communication helping to create positive first impressions?

professional

What type of benefit comes from communication skills that are god for getting on-the job training?

professional

What type of benefit comes from communication that helps tailor messages to specific audiences?

professional

What type of benefit comes from communication when employers what to hire you because of your communication skills?

professional

There are a bunch of girls hanging out together at the mall. None of them look alike but they are all shopping together. You decide they are friends. How did you organize this information?

proximity

Which way do we group when things are close together?

proximity

What two ways does our brain organize information?

psychologically and unconsiously

Where do internal effects of communication apprehension come from?

psyhcological issues that may become physical

What is systematic desensitization? and how can you do it?

relaxing - muscle relaxation - introduce yourself to your fear over time

How do you use perceptions with public speaking?

select - a topic organize - your research using your perceptions interpret - when you make conclusions w/ perception

A teenager flips through the channels and despite being a smoker pays no mind to the ad about the problems with smokings. What is taking place, is it good or bad?

select, subjective bias, bad

Malaya walked into a room. She immediately noticed the strange colored carpet. Juan walked into that same room, but did not pay any attention to the carpet. Which step of the perception process best explains the difference in Malaya's and Juan's perceptions?

selection

What are the steps of perception?

selection, organization, interpretation

You are at the doctors office and are getting your blood drawn, but while they are doing it you look away and start making conversation. You forget about getting your blood drawn. What does this demonstrate?

selective perception

You are proud of your current GPA and consider yourself to be a smart and capable young professional. This subjective evaluation, specifically that you are proud of yourself, is known as

self-esteem

What is a non-verbal way we communicate how we feel about ourselves?

send messages through our behavior

When talking to a roommate, helen is more relaxed and informal, but when talking with a teacher she is formal and polite. Why did she do this?

she interpreted the situation through context

What are some symptoms of communication apprehension?

shortness of breath - sweating palms - experiencing butterflies in the stomach - shaking hands or legs - forgetting what to say - breaking out in a rash - using filler words (like, um, or you know)

Which way do we group when things are alike

similarity

You are walking in fort worth when you look around and see a bunch of kids wearing the same clothing (FFA gear) you decide they must all be in the same organization. How did you organize this information?

similarity

You are terrified of speaking in front of people and to people. To prepare for your speech on thursday you look up ways to be successful, take a class, and practice an hour each day. What way are you managing your comm. apprehension?

skills training

What type of benefit comes from communication helping information and media literacy and in the process helping create engaged citizenship?

social

What type of benefit comes from communication helping to distinguish strong claims from weak ones?

social

What type of benefit comes from communication helping to influence people and their point of view?

social

What is an external interference?

static, noise, distracts listener, bad connection, room that is too hot or cold

Where do external effects of communication apprehension come from?

stem from behavioral issues

You go to buckle and begin looking at jeans and you only look at buckle jeans. What is this and is it good or bad?

subjective bias, good

A teen is flipping through the channels and pass 20 tv shows before stopping to take a look at what is on. What is taking place, is it good or bad?

subjective bias, good - she knows what she likes

What is in the conclusion of the speech framework?

summarize ideas - natural end

What are the effects of communication apprehension?

symptoms - internal effects - external effects

Which ways of managing communication apprehension are helpful for physical problems?

systematic desensitivization - skills training

You are about to play a state basketball game and are nervous to calm down you listen to your favorite music. What way are you managing your comm. apprehension?

systematic desensitization

You are terrified of riding rollercoasters, but decide to keep riding them starting with the easiest and working your way up. Eventually you are ready for the big one and are no longer as fearful. What way are you managing your comm. apprehension?

systematic desensitization - introduce yourself to your fear over time

Usually you shake before you speak. To avoid this you decide to take the stairs to your place of performance, drink some water, and do some breathing exercises. What way are you managing your comm. apprehension?

systematic desensitization - muscle relaxation

frames of reference

the experiences, goals, values, attitudes, beliefs, culture, gender, and knowledge that individuals bring to communication encounters

What is skills training?

the more you prepare and practice and present the more confident you will be.

Sam is speaking with cat when she begins to talk about how reagan is like trump? Cat dislikes trump and Sam liked reagan. Cat however did not know reagan and is 20 years younger than sam. There is a miscommunication because now Cat believes reagan was a bad president, but Sam was trying to inform cat why she like trump? What element of speech caused this to happen?

the people because of life experience and frame of reference

Perception

the process by which we select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world

What does it mean to interpret for closure?

the tendency to fill in missing information to make sense of and draw conclusions from available data - can be tempting to make false claims

Selective perception

the tendency to hear, see, and believe only what you want to - subjective - based on what we deem important

What is selective retention?

the tendency to only remember those things that confirm our beliefs

What is self-esteem?

the value you place on your image

What does confirmation bias affect?

the way we consume and deliver persuasive messages

Why is basic speech framework important?

to be effective = organization

What are some examples of non-verbal messages?

tone, face, eyes, body language - can be consistent or inconsistent with words - differ on frame of reference - emphasizes your feelings with message

You and your friend finally reach each other over the phone. You invite her to you party, she says she would love to but does not sound to happy. You ask if she is okay and she says she is not feeling well. You tell her it is okay to stay home and you hope she gets better. What communication model is this

transactional

You are sitting in class listening to your teacher and you are falling asleep with your eyes. She calls on you and asks you to stop and you respond yes. What kind of communication has just taken place?

transactional model

Using the basic speech framework can help you develop and deliver organized messages.

true

Your self-concept is comprised of your self-image and self-esteem.

true

How we view ourselves is communicated through other people in what ways?

verbal and non-verbal

What does the element "messages" mean in the communication process?

verbal: words, what we say non-verbal: how you say words, gestures

You are an actor but are nervous because it is opening night. To prepare you imagine yourself going on stage and giving the best performance of your life. What way are you managing your comm. apprehension?

visualization

Which ways of managing communication apprehension are helpful for psychological problems?

visualization skills training cognitive restructuring

perceptual filters and what do they do?

ways by which we view the world - the way we communicate - how we view ourselves

What happens in the first step of perception -- Selection?

we select what we want to be concious of because it is impossible to be aware of all

what is blind

what others see in you, that you do not

What does the element "channels" mean in the communication process?

what we communicate through - can affect the message

what is hidden

what you know that others do not

What does it mean to organize info in figure?

what's up front

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

when we tend to live up to our own expectations and those that others have of us

The last step to the perception process is too interpret. What does this mean?

when you assign meanings to the events around you

What is self-awareness?

when you begin to reflect on your perceptions of self as well as other's perceptions of you

What is cognitive restructuring?

when you replace fears with different thinking - think rationally instead of irrationally

Examples of past experiences affecting perception:

where and how you grew up, values, beliefs - culture: shared customs or behaviors

What is a verbal way we communicate how we feel about ourselves?

words that describe ourselves

What does the element "people" mean in the communication process?

# interactions between people (speaker and listener)