Spinal Cord, Brain, and Meninges

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

What travels through the jugular foramen?

CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), CN XIspinal accessory), and internal jugular vein

What would a tumor occluding the juglular foramen affect?

CN IX, X, XI, and internal jugular vein. This would affect so many things. (nasal mucosa, oral mucosa, ear mucosa, cough reflex, gag reflex, carotid sinus deficit, trouble swallowing, blood drainage of the cranial cavity, etc)

What is the dura mater innervated by and what is a consequence of this?

CN V and CN X can cause headache and migraine pain

What travels through foramen rotundum?

CN V2 (maxillary)

What travels through the foramen ovale?

CN V3 (mandibular)

What travels through the internal acoustic meatus?

CN VII (facial), CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

What courses through the hypoglossal canal?

CN XII (hypoglossal)

What are the elongated lumbosacral and coccygeal roots that lie within the lumbar cistern referred to?

Cauda equina

What two areas make up the neurocranium?

The basicranium(floor) and the calvaria (roof)

From the confluence of sinuses, how does blood travel?

To the transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous sinuses.

Lateral extensions of pia mater that pass through the arachnoid layer and attach to the internal surface of the dura mater to anchor the spinal cord

Denticulate ligaments

What travels across the foramen lacerum?

Internal carotid artery

Where does the dural venous sinous lie and where does it drain?

It lies between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura and drains into the internal jugular vein

What vertebral level is a spinal tap, or lumbar puncture, performed

L3-L4 or L4-L5 interlaminar space to avoid conus medllaris

What travels through the optic canal?

CN II (optic nerve) and opthalmic artery

What travels through the superior orbital fissure?

CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear), CN V1 (opthalmic), CN VI (abducent) and opthalmic veins

Where would a subdural hematoma be?

Between the dura and the arachnoid

What artery does the middle meningeal artery arise from?

External carotid artery

What structure serves to anchor the spinal cord inferiorly?

Filum terminale

What artery is susceptible to injury in fractures of the pterion?

Middle meningeal artery

At what vertebral level does the spinal dura mater terminate?

S2

Which sinuses form the confluence of sinuses?

The superior sagittal, straight, and occipital sinuses.

What does rupture of the middle meningeal artery cause?

an epidural hematoma

These structures are extensions of the arachnoid mater that are involved in the transfer of CSF to the venous system

arachnoid granulations

What connects the arachnoid and pia layers?

arachnoid trabeculae

what are the spinal meninges and spaces from superficial to deep?

epidural space, spinal dura mater, subdural space, spinal arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, spinal pia mater

Between what two normally fused layers are cranial sinuses located?

external periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer

A tumor obstructing the superior orbital fissure would affect what?

extraocular eye movement, sensory and blood drainage of the orbit

A dural reflection that lies between the cerebral hemispheres in the sagittal plane

falx cerebri

Membranous areas at the sutures of infants are called

fontanelles

Through which foramen do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?

foramen magnum

What travels through foramen magnum?

medulla, meninges, spinal root of CN XI, and vertebral arteries

What travels through the foramen spinosum?

middle meningeal artery and gein

What would a tumor in the ethmoid/sphenoid bone cause?

olfaction deprivation

What are the two paired bones of the neurocranium?

parietal and temporal

Which spinal mater is closely adhered to the spinal cord?

pia mater

What is located in the hypophysial fossa

pituitary gland

In what two locations can a epidural block be administered?

sacral hiatus (caudal epidural) or the lumbar region (lumbar epidural)

What are the three sutures of the neurocranium?

sagittal, coronal, lambdoid

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained?

subarachnoid space

What gives rise to the opthalamic, anterior cerebral, anterior communicating, and middle cerebral arteries?

the internal carotid artery


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