Sport in Society
Sport Through the Ages
-early greeks used sport to celebrate/honor gods -spartans used sport to improve war skills -Athenians used sport, along with academics and music, to develop a person holistically -Early Egyptian culture had games with balls.
Family and societal factors affect popularity
.•Both parents working outside home •Fear of child predators •Safe haven for inner-city kids •Specialized training
4 Key Areas of Spectator Sport Industry
1. Media Rights 2. Gate Revenue 3. Sponsorships 4. Merchandising
why people study sport
1. Personal development• Interest in sport 2. Scholarly Study• College and University research 3. Professional practice• Sport Science• Applicable practice in a variety of professional fields
Blackout Rule
A game cannot be broadcast within 150 miles of a venue unless all tickets are sold out.
Direct spectators
Attend a live sporting event at a stadium, arena, or other venue.
Social class
Category of people with similar positions based on economic level, social interaction, education, and occupation
U.S. Center for safesport
Every athlete will be safe, supported, and strengthened through sport.
Outside Sales
Face to face contact with clients.
Personal Seat License
Fans pay for the right to purchase specific seats in a venue.
Owners tax breaks
If they earn a profit from other companies, they can subtract any losses from sports franchise to their overall revenue for the year to only pay taxes on the remaining revenue.
Inside Sales
Sales that do not have face to face communication.
sociology
The study of society, its institutions, and its relationships.
Sport
Typically defined in North America as institutionalized competitive activity that involves physical exertion and skill and specialized facilities or equipment and is conducted according to an accepted set of rules in order to determine a winner.
Indirect spectators
Watch or listen to sport through radio, television, or the Internet.
sport science
biophysical, psychosocial, sociocultural
Sport as Monopoly
•Owners control competition and sales. •Leagues collude to eliminate new leagues. •Drafted players can negotiate with only one team. •New or expansion teams must pay large fees, and teams need approval to relocate. •Except in rare circumstances, owners cannot individually sell merchandise.
Human Kinetics Coach Education
free to 75$ - (online courses)- Within 5 years encouraged to complete more in-depth training for Level II Certification.
Florida Bed Tax
hotel guests from out of state for every room night $1 goes into special fun to keep finances public sport venues.
sport pyramid
play, games, sport, work
Adult-organized youth sports
primarily concerned with teaching kids the following: • Skills of the game • Rules of the game • Proper playing of positions • Obedience to adult directions, strategy, and training methods
Athlete-organized Sport
sports and games that develop naturally as children go outside to play.
Adult participation or recreational athletes
• As we age tend to move away from collision sports. • Move toward individualized sports because of the difficulty in organizing groups for teams. • Socialization, physical activity, and playing are reasons for interested in sport for recreation in adults.
Masters athletes
• Compete in age groups. • In some sports competing well into there 90s+ • Athletes train year around. • Compete for modest financial reward, opportunity to travel, expanded social network.
Professional
• Focused more on financial rewards, product endorsement etc. • Considered work • Limited timeframe to compete because of overuse injuries, burnout, or younger athletes that replace them.
Social Theories
• Functionalist theory • Conflict theory• Critical theory • Feminist theories • Interactionist theory • Figurational theory
High school varsity
• Motivation, socialization with peers and want to improve sport skills. • Participation chosen by student rather than parent. • Motivation for college scholarship, or professional play • Generally, not build for Olympic sports or individual sports. Look outside the school for resources.
Youth Sport Athletes
• Parental persuasion to join a sport for; socialization, to learn skills, because they love a sport, health and wellness etc. • Community driven, seasonal, oriented towards team sports. • Specialization and emphasis on high performance starting at the age of 10.
College Varsity
• Participation is competitive for spots. • U.S. College #'s for 2018-2019 all divisions: • Male - 284,191 • Female - 221,042 • Total - 505,233 • NCAA DI, DII, DIII, NAIA, NCCAA etc.
Sherman Antitrust Act
• President Grover Cleveland • Influence of Oil Company on Economy • Illegal " Every contract combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states or with foreign nations."
Factors affecting sport participation
• Pursuit of Excellence • Recreation Through Sport • Participation and High-Performance Tug-of-War • Social Influences on Sport Participation • Geography, Age, Gender, and Social Class
3 Subgroups of Athletes
•Reluctant participants- 25% of athletes, join because of current friends or want to make new friends. Less likely to pay hard. •Image-conscious socializers- 40% of athletes, motivated by approval and rewards. Like being perceived as good, feeling important. Often unlikely to be lifelong athletes. •Competence-oriented participants- 35% of athletes, love participating in sport. Work hard, means of achievement. Will likely be lifelong participants.