sport policy and governance
Sport Englands Vision
"Our vision is that everyone in England, regardless of age, background or ability, feels able to take part in sport or activity. Some might be fit and talented, but others won't be so confident"
What is the motto of the Paralympics?
"Spirit in Motion"
Four sport-specific factors in the UK
1. Began to receive increased public funding 2. Sport was seen by the Labour Government as a way to address broader policy objectives relating to social exclusion, obesity and health, education, antisocial behavior, and youth crime. 3. Third factor was that many sports in the UK were undergoing significant commercial growth and this had resulted in the need for sport's administrative structures to move from amateurism to professionalism 4. At the same time, there had been instances of poor management and failures in organizational governance, particularly amongst NGBs
The IOCs role is:
1. To encourage and support the promotion of ethics and good governance in sport as well as education of youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned; 2. To encourage and support the organization, development and coordination of sport and sports competitions; 3. To ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic Games; 4. To cooperate with the competent public or private organizations and authorities in the endeavor to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace; 5. To take action to strengthen the unity of the Olympic Movement, to protect its independence and to preserve the autonomy of sport; 6. To act against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic Movement; 7. To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels and in all structures with a view to implementing the principle of equality of men and women; 8. To protect clean athletes and the integrity of sport, by leading the fight against doping, and by taking action against all forms of manipulation of competitions and related corruption; 9. To encourage and support measures relating to the medical care and health of athletes; 10. To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes; 11. To encourage and support the efforts of sports organizations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes; 12. To encourage and support the development of sport for all; 13. To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are held accordingly; 14. To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries; 15. To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education; 16. To encourage and support the activities of the International Olympic Academy ("IOA") and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education
The Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) is split among 5 continental associations: Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Oceania. What is the name of the association for each of these?
1.AFRICA: ANOCA (Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa) 2.AMERICA: PASO (Pan American Sports Organization) 3.ASIA: OCA (Olympic Council of Asia) 4.EUROPE: EOC (European Olympic Committees) 5.OCEANIA: ONOC (Oceania National Olympic Committees)
Modernization of public policy making in the UK-What are the 3 main themes of the Blair and Brown ministries?
1.improving the quality of public services by focusing on performance standards 2.improving the responsiveness of public services by considering the end user rather than delivery providers 3.belief in the value of public-private partnerships and joined up government to deliver services
UK sport invests around _____ million of public money every year, distributing funds to______ of sport, so they can implement their Olympic and Paralympic plans
100, National Governing Bodies
How many clubs joined together to form the first football league in the UK in 1888?
12 clubs
International Federations (IFs)
13 total and contribute to the governance of the Paralympic Games
Paralympics consist of athletes from more than _____ nations
140
Athletes are aged from ___ to ___ in the Youth Olympic Games
15 to 18
What year did the UK football association draw up the rules of the modern game?
1863
When was the USOC founded and where is it headquartered?
1894 and it is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado
In what year were the Modern Olympic Games reborn and in what city?
1896 in Athens, Greece
When was the first Paralympic games?
1952
What year was the International Sport Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) created?
1964
When was the Special Olympics founded?
1968
When and where were the first Special Olympics held?
1968 at Soldier Field in Chicago
What year was the first Winter Paralympic Games held?
1976
What year was the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) created?
1989
Winter and Summer games were held in the same year through what year?
1992. The 1994 Winter Games was played in Norway and the 1996 Summer Games were played in Barcelona
The first Modern Olympic games consisted of _____ athletes, _____ nations, and _____ sports
241 athletes (all men), 13 nations, and 9 sports
The Youth Olympic Games is based on that of the Olympic Games, with ____ sports featured on the summer program and ____ on the winter program
28,7
How many times has Great Britain hosted the olympics?
3 times in London in 1908, 1948, and 2012
Special Olympics offers ____ plus Olympic style individual and team sports
30
How many Olympic and Paralympic medals did UK Sports record investment help Great Britain to win?
65 Olympic and 120 Paralympic medals
How many sport organizations have accepted the World Anti-Doping Code?
660. These organizations include the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), all International Federations (IFs) and all IOC-recognized IFs, National Olympic and Paralympic Committees, National Anti-Doping Organizations
The Ancient Olympic Games in Greece went from ______ until they were abolished by ________ in _______.
776 BCE, Roman emperor in 393 CE
Age criteria for Special Olympics
8 years old and up
Who launched the modern Olympic Games?
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
What is the job of the National Olympic Committees?
Bids to host Olympic Games are made by National Olympic Committees from interested countries
What two sports were added for the first time in the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio?
Canoe and Triathlon
Current Policy Areas of IPC
Changing technologies, Sport and human rights, integration of athletes with disabilities into able-bodied sport
In what games do hearing impaired athletes compete?
Deaflympics
UK Sport is accountable to the ___________
Department for Culture, Media, and Sport
Minimum disability criteria
Each sport's Paralympic classification rules describe how severe an eligible impairment must be for an athlete to be considered eligible (each sport has different criteria)
What are the 3 classifications of the IPC classifications system?
Eligible impairment, Minimum disability criteria, Sport class
Paralympics
Elite, highly competitive disability (mostly physical) sport
How often does the Youth Olympic Games occur?
Every 4 years
Who gets to vote in the FIFA Congress and how many members are there?
Every member, from China (population: 1.36 billion) to tiny Montserrat (population: 5,215), gets one vote in the FIFA Congress which consists of 209 members
The World Anti-Doping Agency was originally founded by what committee?
Founded by the IOC in 1999
When and where are the Paralympics held?
Games are held two weeks after the Olympics in the same host city and with the same organizing committee
IPC membership includes:
International Organizations of Sports for the Disabled (IOSDs), approximately 170 NPCs, regional organizations and committee
Where does the majority of this government and lottery funding go to?
It goes to the key non-departmental public bodies, UK Sport and the home country sport councils
What does the Modernization Project Board oversee?
It oversees structural and strategic changes; the rationalization of staff; the recruitment of senior staff with business experience; a renewed focus on ensuring clarity of strategy; and the adoption of performance management and key performance indicators
What is Sport Englands main role?
Its main role is to distribute public funds to national governing bodies of sport to implement their plans for increasing and maintaining sport participation, improving sport club structures and systems, coaching, volunteering
Before the London Olympics it was announced that a previous FIFA President had accepted enormous bribes. What was his name?
Joao Havelange
OCOG main tasks
Main tasks: • To give equal treatment to every sport on the program and ensure that competitions are held according to the rules of the International Sports Federations (IFs); • To choose and, if necessary, create the required installations: competition venues, stadiums and training halls; to arrange for the required equipment; • To lodge the athletes, their entourage, the officials; • To organize medical services; • To solve transportation problems; • To meet the requirements of the mass media in order to offer the public the best possible information on the Games; • To organize cultural events that are an essential element of the celebration of the Olympic Games; • To write the Final Report on the celebration of the Games in the two official languages and distribute it within two years after the end of the Games.
In the United States the US Olympic Committee (USOC) acts as ____
NPC, while most other countries have their own separate NPC like Canada, Australia, and Greece
What are the 5 main themes of the Culture and Education Program?
Olympism, Social Responsibility, Skills Development, Expression, and Well-being and Healthy Lifestyles
Once a bid has been awarded to a particular country, then it the responsibility of the ______ of that particular country to organize the games
Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG)
Young Athletes Program
Program for children ages 2 to 7 with disabilities
What is the National Paralympic Committee responsible for?
Relations and communication with the IPC
Where does the funding of the IPC come from?
Revenues, government support, Olympic support, and sponsorship
Policy areas of the USOC
Security, Image, TV rights, Corporate sponsorship, doping, amateurism, choosing host city
In what games do athletes with cognitive disabilities compete?
Special Olympics
What was the name of the event held in 1948 before the Paralympics was formed?
Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games
Sport organizations in the UK were subject to numerous_______ as a part of the modernization process
Structural reforms
Who sets sport policy for England?
The Department for Culture, Media, and Sport
The Olympic Games are organized through the jurisdiction of which committee?
The IOC, they have ultimate authority
What 3 levels of organizational influence direct the Olympic Games?
The International Olympic Committee (IOC), The National Olympic Committees (NOC), and the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG)
How often do the National Olympic Committees meet?
The NOCs come together at least once every two years in the form of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC)
FIFA corruptness- budgets
The combined budget for the active Goal projects in Montserrat ($1.8 million) and compare it with that of projects in China ($3 million). Or the amount of Financial Assistance Program funds that the West Indies island received, $2.05 million, versus the amount China received, $800,000
The impact on Sport England led to the creation of what?
The creation of a Modernization Project Board
Who sets sport policy for Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?
The devolved administrations set sport policies for each of their countries
What is the mission of the IOC?
The mission of the IOC is to promote Olympism throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement
What is the mission of the National Olympic Committees?
The mission of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries
Where does the bulk of the funding for sport in the UK come from?
The national lottery set up in 1994
What else has Great Britain hosted?
The open championship and wimbledon
How does the USOC aid athletes?
They aid athletes through their National Governing Bodies by providing financial support, athlete-support and coaching education programs
What are National Governing Bodies responsible for?
They are responsible for setting rules for their individual sports
What was the initial purpose for forming the Paralympic games?
They initially held the games as a means to rehabilitate injured soldiers after WWII
What does UK Sport invest in and what is their mission?
They invest in Olympic and Paralympic sport. Its mission is to work in partnership with NGBs to lead sport in the UK to world class success
What does Sport England do?
They manage investment in community sport and in certain areas of school sport
What is the mission of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC)?
To support U.S. Olympic and Paralympic athletes in achieving sustained competitive excellence while demonstrating the values of the Olympic Movement, thereby inspiring all Americans
What is the name of the high performance sports agency in the UK?
UK Sport
Who approves the US trials sites and procedures for team selections?
USOC
What range of disabilities qualify an athlete to compete in the Paralympics?
Visual impairments, cerebral palsy, amputations, spinal cord injuries, intellectual disabilities (limited) -'96 Atlanta first games to allow intellectual disability athletes to compete
Eligible impairment
Visualimpairment,Leg length difference,Impaired muscle power(10 total eligible impairments) - some sports require a certain impairment (i.e. goalball)
WADA and IOC
WADA still receive half their money from IOC - also have halfof their board from IOC
Does UK Sport fund every Great Britain athlete?
Yes but only if they have a credible chance of winning a medal over the next two Olympic and Paralympic games
Has Great Britain attended every modern olympic game?
Yes, beginning with the first competition in Athens, Greece, in 1896
Were the Ancient Olympic Games restricted to men only?
Yes, both competitors and spectators
How did football begin in the UK?
began as a contest between neighboring villages — with no limit to the number on each side, no fixed pitch and almost no rules.
What events were included in the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece?
chariot racing, boxing, wrestling, footraces, discus throwing, pentathlon, and archery
National Paralympic Committees (NPCs)
contribute to the governance of the Paralympic Games
What does the IPC classification system determine?
determines which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped together for competition
Soccer power in smaller nations concentrates itself in _______ and ______ which contributes to the corruptness of FIFA
fewer officials and stakeholders
Michel Zen-Ruffinen, then FIFAs secretary general, was allegedly accused of what under FIFAs former president, Sepp Blatter?
financial mismanagement
ICAS was formed to _____, ______, and _____ CAS, reducing the IOCs role in CAS
govern, administer, and finance
Sport Class
groups athletes with a similar activity limitation together for competition, so that they can compete equitably
In 2004, the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators produced a ____________, in collaboration with UK Sport.
guide of governance for NGBs
The International Paralympic Committee funding sources include:
membership dues and partnerships with public and private bodies
Most ICAS/CAS cases are either ______ or ______
soccer transfer market or doping related
The Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOG) executive body includes:
the IOC member or members in the country; the President and Secretary General of the NOC; and at least one member representing, and designated by, the host city.
World Anti-Doping Code
the core document that harmonizes anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within sport organizations and among public authorities around the world - written in 2004 - latest revisions in 2009
The ANOC also makes recommendations to the IOC regarding the use of funds deriving from ___________
the television rights intended for the NOCs
In 2001 the UK announced that it would provide 7 million euros in funding, managed through UK sport, as a part of a NGB Modernization Program. What is the objective of the modernization program?
to 'help NGBs to improve their organization, the skills of their staff and volunteers, and the standards of their policies and procedures'
The USOC is responsible for the ______, _______, and _____ of US teams for the Olympic, Paralympic, Youth Olympic, Pan American and Parapan American Games.
training, entering, and funding
Past security threats at olympics
•Tlatelolco massacre inMexico in 1968 • The 1972 Munich Olympics, when Black September extremists killed five Israeli athletes, six Israeli coaches and a police officer • Korean Air flight 858 in 1987 • Eric Rudolph's bomb attack on the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games • Brazilian police arrested 12 people suspected of planning terrorist acts
