Sports Geography Final Exam
British empire had:
.Legacy of empire included the belief that parliaments, freedom, democracy and the rule of law are GOOD things .School, universities and a liberal system of education .The christian faith .Bureaucracy and trains .World trade, capitalism and globalization More than .40 wars .Atrocities .Cricket, football and rugby played all over the world
International Cricket Council
10 countries in it
How Rugby played
11 players on team, bat until made out, pitching or ball hits the wicket Score a 4 hitting ball to the boundary Score by hitting ball and running to other side of pitch before srtiking out is 1 run and added to indivdual Over boundary is 6 points Get a Wicket by being caught, bowled, run out, stumped, and leg before wicket Overs=6 balls bowled, 20 Overs=120 balls bowled a game Penalty runs awarded when rule infractions happen Super Over decides winner in games that need one Need 10 guys out within allotted overs to bat
New Zealand make up
15% Maori, 74% European
How long is the Great Barrier Reef?
1500 miles, 2900 individual reefs
British empire
1630 empire was cruel and ruled lots of the world such as Africa
Early Cricket in Australia
1842 in New South Wales
Age of Imperalism
1850-1914. Caused by: Nationalism: To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade Economic Competition: Demand for raw materials and new markets Missionary Spirit: Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world
Pink bits
1886 imperial federation is fascinated with range of peoples cultures in the Empire
Who was Pierre de Coubertin
1894, French historian wanting to promote international understanding and collaboration through sports competition. Wanted to connect the world
When was first summer Olympic
1896 first summer Olympics in Athens, Greece
Orgin of word soccer
18th century student at Oxford university Charles Wreford Brown. Students add 'er' at end of words to make slang
When was FIFA founded (International Federation of Association Football)
1904
Other decreases in Olympics
1904 St. Louis games travel for non-americans was difficult, 1932 LA games world wide depression made overseas travel hard, 1956 Melbourne games political boycotts stopped number of countries from competiton (China over Tawain's participation, Egypt over Israel, Spain/Switzerland/Netherlands over Soviet Union's particpation). 1980 66 countries boycotted Moscow games because USSR Afghan war
When did the All Black form
1905 in New Zealand, good program wore all black uniforms, all blacks referred to running backs
First international soccer tournament
1908 Olympics
When did FIFA take control of soccer
1920 Olympics, Uruguay won in 1924 and 1928 games
Decrease in Olympic compition
1930's Great Depression, 1980 Moscow Olympics most controversial because soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1980 so US boycotted games, organized global boycott
Why was world cup uneven at one point
1934, 1938, 1942, and 1946 tournaments were uneven because of WW2. Germans messed everything up
When did apartheid end in South Africa
1994, Nelson mandela elected president after 27 years in jail
When did they seperate Olympic summer and winter games
1994, split it into every 2 years
Winter games PyeongChan 2018
2,300 ft above sea level, 700 meters above optimal for athletes, Near Water=More Snow, Climate similar to Chicago, Not a major city but with 43,000 people had enough amenities, resources and infrastructure, The four factors Elevation (~700m), population similarsize or larger, topography (mountainous), and access toski resorts and peaks nearby
1896 Summer Olympic
245 competitors (200 were Greek) 14 countries as well, 9 sports, 10 disciplines, 43 events, huge success
How did greece and rome play in soccer
27 per side
South Africa culture mix
3% Indian/asian 9% colored (mixed) 10% white 78% black african
When did Polynesian islands expand
3,000 years ago
Last game in Greece
393 AD as the roman's ruled Greece and rejected the Greek mythology (Roman Empower Theodosius II burned down the temple of Zeus) Roman Empire limited the spread of the games.
First Olympic games
776 BC
Where was humanity born
Africa
Which continent never hosted an olympic game
Africa
1921 British empire
All the way across central Africa and in Asia
Where were early Olympic games held
Always at Olympia in front of the Temple of Zeus
Why is Cricket so popular
Anyone can play it, stick and ball
Where was Australia when plates together
Attatched to Antartica, continent seperated from land mass for 100 million years
Bledisoe Cup
Aussie v New Zealand since the 1930's. Best of 3 series, New Zealand up all time
What did James Cook find in 1769-1770
Australia and that part of the world. Died in indonesian islands where native people of islands killed him
When was the Olympics populat to watch in the US
Back then, US doesn't focus much on international sports anymore
Who influenced many sports played world wide
British empire
Cricket formed from...
British empire in 1921. Big ones are Australia, Bangladesh, UK, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka
First international competiton in soccer
British home championship from 1883-1983
US in terms of British empire
By 1850 spread of empire was global and all around the world, US took sports with them (made up stories of creating games, such as Abner Doubleday)
Where was soccer played early on
Chinese military and Han Dynasty
Medieval soccer in UK
Chinese played it
How cities for Olympics choosen
Cities submit bid to host (need to prove adeqwuate facilites, transportation, revenue) IOC reviews info in 10 month period (Ample accommodation for the athletes, tourists, and journalists are required) IOC chooses Candidate Cities. CCs pay$150,000 and the IOC votes on the city and their backup. City is chosen and they being their hugeinfrastructure investment to host the global games
Effects of Age of Imperialism
Colonization: Europeans control land and people in areas ofAfrica, Asia, and Latin America Colonial Economics: Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies. Christianization: Christianity is spread toAfrica, India, and Asia.
How was Australia isolated
Culturally
1924 IOC
Decided to start hosting "International Winter Sports Week" of 16 winter events in the Alps of Chamonix, France- huge success
When did rugby start to become popular
During WW1
When did Africa gain independence
During WW2, British empire starts to fade out
Africkaners
Dutch settlers in South Africa from 1650s-1800
Prehistoric migration route australia
Eats indies to australia, had to travel across water 50,000 years ago
Elevation on elevation map for winter games
Elevation has to be between 600-800 meters above sea level • Yellow spots are the places that fall int here To high is red and too low is blue/greenish Rockies are eliminated here • Appalachian mountains and Midwest have the right elevation with a few spots in Washington and Southern California
12th edition Cricket World Cup
England, they started spread of Cricket but don't win that much
Universal language of the world
English
1815 Eton college
Established rules for soccer, 1848 most universities playing it by the Cambridge rules
1894 International Olympic Committee
Forms in 1894 to start organization for the games
Who was allowed to compete in original Olympics
Free men who met the qualifications of their City State were allowed to compete
The Ashes
Game between Australia and British. Born from 1882 match, bat when UK lost was cremated and put in tiny urn play for it every year. Series tied 32-32-5 currently
Outcome of Olympics
Globalization and extends to sports and makes sports the common language between all countries showing division and unifying
What did Greece want for Summer Olympics
Greece wanted to always have Athens host the games but the IOC wanted it to be moved around to get more countries involved
What did the first Olympic games do
Helped spread the Hellenistic culture throughout the Mediterranean
Population on map for winter games
Hitting a population of over 33k people • Ideal range is 33k to 53k people • Only 8 "cities or towns"hit the population metrics • 1 in Appalachia, 1 in the mid west, and multiple int he south west
What did second Olympics cause
Increased the number of athletes and events (22 women were allowed to compete)
Cricket World Cup
India won 2011, India in late 40's violently became independet from UK
Main sport in Pakistan and why
Influenced by british when they split up voyages in 1770's led by Captain James Cook (discovered New Zealand and Australia)
Population of Australia
Mainly desert mostly empty
Floral Fawna
Makes animals unique (Australia)
First FIFA world cup
Montevideo, Uruguay in 1930
Why did the Olympics move around
Moved around host/cities to try and represent the full world. Cities compete in bids to get the games (Mainly Europe won the bids)
Olympic theme song
NBC had rights, then ABC got rights and changed the song, people got mad so thry made ABC buy the song rights from NBC
Topography on map for winter games
Needed to have the elevation change for Olympic ski runs • Minimum vertical drop of 800m. • Kearney is the right elevation but is flat • Blacksburg doesn't have any giant mountains near it and closest ski resort with 800m is 3.5 hours away• Arizona and Pahrump are in the desert
1932 Olympic games with soccer
No soccer, focus became world cup
Original Winter games
Nordic games were held in Stockholm, Sweeden and featured international competitions for the winter sports 1900-1912
ABC Wide World of Sports
Opened in 1976, each episode showed random international sport
Rugby Union
Organization for rugby based on different countries
What would happen during this time during Olympics
Peacetime treaties between city states occurred during this time
Maori people
Polynesian people that settled in New Zealand. Aotearoa which means land of the long white cloud. Very common culture in New Zealand, everything bilinguel in NZ. In US 1800's 7mil natives down to 250,000
Sports boycott in South Africa
Prime minister insisted soccer team will not be racial integrated. 1964 IOC pulled invintation summer olympics
Peter De Klerk
Prime minister of South Africa in 70-80s, there was a ton of racism in Africa. Racial bias in jail favoring white people
Queen of England during Age of Imperalism
Queen Victoria
Geographical considerations for winter games
Right elevation for skiing/snowboarding Right topography to have downhill events Population size to host Temperature needs to support winter games
Final stage of British Empire
Ruled 458 million people, 1/4 of world population, covered 36.6 million km2 or 14.2 million sq mi. Largest empire ever known. Included every aspect of geography (climate, human interactions, famous landmarks)
Original Olympic sports
Running, later added wrestling, chariots, etc.
Tri-nation rugby teams
South Africa Springboks, Aussie Wallabies, New Zealand All Blacks
2023 World Cup Rugby winner
South Africa, 4 world titles which is the most
Center of international competition
The Olympics
What did the Olympics represent
The world working together
What do the Olympic rings represent?
Tried to represent the whole planet as every country has at least one of those colors (red, blue, yellow, green, black) in their flag in 1920
King Edwards III passed law
Try to ban soccer and jail people caught playing it
Big rugby countries
UK, argentina, france, south korea, georgia, south africa (just won rugby world cup), and new zealand are the big rugby countries
Rugby Rivalries
US v England Germany v Belgium Ireland v Georgia Ireland v England in womens
What war was Australia in
WW1
Rugby segregation in South Africa
Whites didn't want to play with blacks, sports boycotted, Mandela unified sports
What was "International Winter Sports Week" changed to in 1928
Winter games, hosted same year as summer games
Game of football in the east of england 8th century
head of defeated prince from danish
Why was South Africa awarded World cup
racist comeback
Aboriginal flag
red black stripe with sun in the middle
Most popular game in the world viewership and people playing it
soccer
Places defining sports events in the Olympics
• Host Cities and Countries can propose up to 5new sports/events to include in the Olympics • These sports are typically sports that are played in their country (has a quasi-advantage) • These sports come in and out depending on reception (previous ones like tug-of-war, pigeon shooting, etc.) • Examples:• 1988 Seoul- Table Tennis• 2000 Sydney- Taekwondo and Triathlon• 2016 Rio- Rugby 7s, Golf• 2020 Tokyo- Baseball/Softball, Karate,Climbing, skateboarding• 2024 Paris- Breakdancing is added
Top Choices for Winter Olympics
• The average temperature eliminates the California cities at ~76 degrees • Matching the Pyeongchang geographies there wereonly two cities in Idaho- Caldwell and Coeur d'Alene • The article choose Coeur d'Alene because its average temperature in February ~40 degrees matches better to Pyeongchang