Sports Management Final

What is the current going rate for a franchise in the NFL?

$600-800 million

All of the following were publicly financed stadiums efficiently built with the intention of housing both a football team and a baseball team except

(all but Meadowlands (Northern New Jersey)) Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia), Three Rivers Stadium (Pittsburgh), Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati)

All of the following are major advantages to private management of public assembly facilities except

(all but better sport team performance) easier event booking, operational efficiencies, labor negotiation resources

All of the following are reasons for a municipality to subsidize stadium/arena construction except

(all but economic benefits) civic pride and community spirit, public relations boost of being "major league city", improved quality of life in the city

Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, explained that selling consists of all of the following except

(all but having a winning team or product) getting through to your customers, the process of identifying customers, increasing customer awareness and interest in your product or service

The NBA has the broadest representation of foreign players on its rosters. In the 2009-2010 season, for example, the textbook notes that opening night rosters included ______ players from _____ different countries and territories.

83, 36

Alexander Graham Bell first demonstrated the telephone in what year?

1876

The typical success rate of a direct marketing campaign is where a positive response comes from approximately ______ % of respondents.

2%

Which of these events happened in the early 1960s and changed both ABC and sport television profoundly? Choose all that apply.

ABC purchased Sports Programs, Inc., an independent sport and production company that became ABC Sports, ABC acquired rights to the new American Football League (AFL), An innovative anthology series, ABC's Wide World of Sports, debuted (all but the Cleveland rams became the first team to televise all of its home and away games)

Based on the text for this chapter, what does ACA stand for?

American Camping Association

In 2011, the average cost of tickets for a family of four to attend a professional sport game was lowest in which league?

Baseball (MLB)

Sport organizations that collect demographic information (age, gender, education level, occupation, ethnicity) and psychographic (motivations, interests, and opinions) from customers are using which sales methodology?

CRM system

What two youth organizations are examples of an increased acceleration of the recreation movement in the early twentieth century?

Girls scouts and Boys scouts

In times of crisis, why is the Internet a useful tool for a sport communications practitioner?

It provides a location for stakeholders to receive accurate information, it allows the practitioner to reach the stakeholders in the timeliest manner, A corporate site has become the first location for stakeholders to look (all correct)

Which of the following is not a revenue that is shared under league revenue-sharing systems?

Luxury seating revenue

What league first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport?

Major League Baseball

What league recently operated for a number of years without a permanent commissioner?

Major League Baseball

What is the only sports league to ban corporate ownership?

NFL

As a general rule, league revenues include which of the following?

NONE - not local broadcasting revenues, not stadium sponsorships and not preferred seat sales

Which of these statements about community relations is true?

Objectives include the development of substantive programs to benefit charitable causes as well as educational and outreach programs in an organization's local business area, Programs allow organizations and their athletes a chance to give back to the communities in which they live and work, Activities include in-kind contributions of licensed merchandise, game tickets, and autographed memorabilia to help a cause raise funds through auctions, special events, and raffles (all correct)

Who is responsible for revolutionizing telecasts of sports by including close-up shots of cheerleaders, school bands, the crowd, and players and coaches on the sidelines?

Roone Arledge

Which of the following is true of sport sponsorship? Choose all that apply.

Sponsorship is a form of financial support to an event or telecast in exchange for public recognition (at times other than just during a commercial), Sponsors with naming rights to an event are known as 'title sponsors;' there are also 'presenting sponsors' who do not have naming rights, Networks can insist that the sponsor purchase advertising in the telecast as a condition of referring to the sponsor on the air. (all but sponsorships are sold exclusively by the event owner)

The financial success of a sport organization and the media are inextricably linked. In fact some sports teams are in fact owned by media conglomerates. Which of the following is not owned by a media conglomerate?

The Boston Red Sox

Although the NFL bans public ownership, it has made an exception for what team?

The Green Bay Packers

Direct participation in recreational sport includes

a mountain bike race

A video news release (VNR) is

a preproduced piece that includes a written story summary or press release that is edited for broadcast, making it more attractive for a TV producer to air.

Sales in the sport industry have shifted from

a product-oriented approach to a consumer-oriented approach

The three disciplines integrated marketing communications combines are

advertising, direct marketing, public relations

"The process of providing continued satisfaction and reinforcement to individuals or organizations who are past or current customers" is a definition of

aftermarketing

According to Mark McCormack, what is one of the most important assets a salesman can have?

an awareness of when you are imposing

______ are indoor facilities with the primary purpose of hosting sporting and entertainment events.

arenas

The money to build facilities is usually obtained through

bonds

The ______ is responsible for landing and scheduling events for a facility.

booking director

Sales in the sport industry places an emphasis on the importance of

building long-term relationships with customers

A recreation manager wants employees who

can create and execute programs, provide excellence in instruction, can communicate well with the public (all correct)

One of the most overlooked forms of communication is internal communications. Internal communications involve

communicating to the organization's own staff.

The main nonsport events for stadiums are

concerts given by performers

Each year, Team Marketing Report (TMR) publishes its Fan Cost Index (FCI). The FCI measures

cost of taking a family of four to a game (including tickets, parking, concessions, and souvenir costs).

Community relations activities are intended to

create a benevolent reputation of an organization in the eyes of the public.

Sport communication professionals may find themselves or their organizations in some legal trouble if they commit ______ in the course of sharing "news" with a representative of the media.

defamation (libel and/or slander)

When a sport organization wants to minimize expenses and reach only those people the organization wants to reach, they should use which sales method?

direct mail solicitations

People seek recreational activity for which of the following?

excitement, relaxation, social interaction (all correct)

Following the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), if a facility renovates, the whole facility must be brought into compliance with the act.

false

In order to get a job in the recreation industry, the job candidate must have a college degree.

false

Innovation in the sales process and methodologies within the sport industry have often been more advanced then those used in other service industries.

false

Leagues derive the bulk of their revenues from gate receipts.

false

Professional leagues have organized themselves in a manner consistent with a corporate governance model.

false

Public relations activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of gaining publicity.

false

Recent publicly financed sports facilities have proven to earn great return on investment.

false

Team owners have remained content with the multi-use stadiums built for them by municipalities during the 1960s.

false

The 2012 London Olympics had a global television audience of an estimated 3 billion people.

false

The most common mistake made by sport communications staff during a crisis is a lack of preparation for the incident.

false

The single-entity structure is a term used to describe a manner in which a team may organize itself in order to maintain fiscal control.

false

The term used to describe a team's ability to relocate is franchise decertification.

false

When trying to reach only those people the organization wants to reach, the sport organization should utilize the telemarketing sales method.

false

Winning matters, thus by fielding a winning team, sales takes care of themselves.

false

The privileges granted to owners that come with team ownership are called ______.

franchise rights

In 1970, Monday Night Football debuted. It was the first sports programming series

in primetime

"League think" is the concept

introduced by Pete Rozelle that owners needed to do what was best for the NFL as a whole, as opposed to their individual franchises.

One of the most recent trends in public relations activities by sport teams, leagues, players associations, and college athletics is government relations. Government relations is another term for

lobbying of state and federal officials.

Community-based recreation is bound by the implication that people at what level are bound together in their common interests for recreation?

local

Choosing the correct medium to place advertising requires a thorough examination of each potential outlet's ability to reach the most people fitting a target audience's demographic profile is known as

media planning

Stakeholders are groups and individuals who have an interest in an organization. Of the following, who are stakeholders?

media rightsholders, fans, sponsors (all correct)

Which of the following is involved in a typical rights agreement?

number of commercials units to be included in telecast, Procedures for preempting coverage in cases of inclement weather, territory of distribution (all correct)

The first commercial radio broadcast was

on November 2, 1920

Boys and Girls Clubs rely on which of the following revenue sources to fund their programs?

private donations, in house fund raising, user fees and membership sales (all correct)

State forests, state parks, national forests, and national parks are representative of what form of recreation?

public recreation

Many individuals in the management of professional sports leagues are not fans of salary caps because they

routinely force teams to cut veteran players earning higher salaries to get under the ceiling of the cap, routinely provide teams with spending floors so low-revenue teams are prevented from cutting salaries in order to stay competitive, often have so many exceptions that they have inevitably created a number of loopholes for those agents and general managers who are creative negotiators and thus, the cap is not creating the parity it was intended to create. (all correct)

The recreation movement of the nineteenth century addressed what one major issue?

the 66-hour work week

Following World War II, what was the immediate reaction by local governments in response to the recreation movement?

the creation of local parks and recreation departments

Today, there is a much higher level of sophistication and understanding of the sales process and its importance to the overall success of any sport organization due to

the influx of professionally trained sport marketers, the continued evolution of sport management and marketing as a scientific discipline, the ever-increasing competition for the consumer's entertainment dollar. (all correct)

A television program's 'rating' represents

the percentage of households having at least one television set that are tuned in to a particular program.

One element that distinguishes sport sales from the selling of other traditional consumer products or services is

the presence of emotion

What is the primary reason for therapeutic recreation programs?

to improve the patient's physical, emotional, and mental health

According to Reed (2014), 70% of the capital cost of NFL stadiums is being provided by taxpayers.

true

Across the board, women are participating at a higher rate in outdoor activity than ever before.

true

As a condition of granting a license for use of video highlights, a rightsholder can insist on having the right to approve the content of the program containing its footage.

true

Because of concerns with the urban environment surrounding children, the "Fresh Air" camps allowed children to travel to the country for camping opportunities.

true

By 1960, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had licensed five times more commercial TV stations (515) than there had been in 1950 (96).

true

Demographic subsets break down the audience by factors such as age, income, gender, and ethnic lines.

true

In 1876, North America's first professional league, the National League, was organized.

true

Leisure time in the nineteenth century is a direct result of urbanization and industrialization.

true

Professional and college sports media has evolved to a point where it is common to have five or more beat reporters covering a particular team.

true

Public facilities, such as convention centers, stadiums, and arenas, consume more energy per square foot than any other retail industry.

true

Regardless of your job in the sport industry, it will entail some element of sales.

true

Rights fees are a major source of revenue for sport leagues and organizations, and the volume of this revenue has exploded in recent years.

true

Similar to a sports stadium or arena, one of the soundest arguments for public subsidies of construction of convention centers is an increased quality of life provided for local citizens.

true

Sport communications is an area of the professional sports team front office where women are best represented in jobs and internships.

true

The PGA operates as two divisions: one that governs the club professionals who serve amateur players and another, known today as the PGA Tour, that governs the tour professionals, and schedules events such as the PGA Championship Tour, PGA Tour Canada, and the Web.com Tour.

true

The WNBA league and teams are primarily female-operated organizations.

true

The intent of the ADA is to prevent discrimination against qualified people with disabilities in employment, public services, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications services.

true

The practice of charging spectators at golf events began at fund-raisers by top male and female golfers to benefit the Red Cross during World War I.

true

The total number of people who participated in one or more outdoor activities grew by approximately 7.5% from an estimated 208 million in 2000 to 224 million in 2009.

true

The trend over the past two decades has been single-purpose stadiums.

true

A collective bargaining agreement covers

wages, hours, terms & conditions of employment (all correct)