Spring 2023 OCEA101 Exam 1 Practice Exam
What is the age of the oldest ocean floor? 100 million years 250 million years 150 million years 200 million years 180 million years
180 million years
Earth's atmosphere became oxygen-rich about ________ years ago. 2.45 billion 3.0 billion 2.0 billion 3.45 billion 4.0 billion
2.45 billion
The mid-ocean ridge covers ________ of the Earth's surface. 29% 33% 39% 23% 44%
23%
The new drill ship, Chikyu, can drill up to how many feet into the sea floor? 22,000 24,000 21,000 20,000 23,000
23,000
The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________. 2,172 meters (7,126 feet) 840 meters (2,756 feet) 5,280 meters (17,323 feet) 3,682 meters (12,080 feet) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet)
3,682 meters (12,080 feet)
What is the average speed of sound in seawater? 4,945 feet per second 4,925 feet per second 4,970 feet per second 5,000 feet per second
4,945 feet per second
The oldest known rocks on Earth are about ________ years old. 4.0 billion 4.5 billion 4.2 billion 4.3 billion 4.1 billion
4.3 billion
The mid-ocean ridge forms Earth's longest mountain chain, extending across approximately ________ miles of deep-ocean basin. 46,000 60,000 40,000 55,000 50,000
46,000
The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of the Earth's surface. 80 50 60 90 70
70
Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? Slope Shelf Rise Abyssal plain
Abyssal plain
The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was ________. Harry Hess John Tuzo Wilson Frederick Vine Drummond Matthews Alfred Wegener
Alfred Wegener
The speed of sound in seawater varies with ________. temperature pressure salinity All of the answers
All of the answers
Which of the following is Earth's plastic layer, which flows when a gradual force is applied to it? Asthenosphere Inner core Lithosphere Mesosphere Outer core
Asthenosphere
The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________. Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
Which type of marine sediments include siliceous and calcareous oozes? Cosmogenous Lithogenous Biogenous Hydrogenous
Biogenous
Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Hydrogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Biogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following? Deep-sea trenches Broad continental shelves Volcanic and earthquake activity Thin sediment accumulation Chains of islands
Broad continental shelves
When looking at the world ocean totals combined, which is the most dominant sediment worldwide? Abyssal clay Calcareous ooze Other (gravel, sand, silt, mud) Siliceous ooze
Calcareous ooze
What does CCD stand for? Carbonate compensation distance Carbonate compensation direction Carbonate compensation depth
Carbonate compensation depth
Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE? Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust. Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities. Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust.
Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
Where are the thickest marine sediments located? Submarine canyon Continental shelf Continental rise Deep ocean basin Abyssal plain
Continental shelf
The Himalayan Mountains and Alps are geographic examples of which type of plate boundary? Divergent Transform Convergent
Convergent
Which type of marine sediments include space dust and meteors? Biogenous Hydrogenous Cosmogenous Lithogenous
Cosmogenous
Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following? No sediment accumulation Shallow coastal waters Sparse earthquake activity Deep-sea trenches Broad continental shelves
Deep-sea trenches
Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? Beach sand Glacial deposits Clays Diatom ooze Volcanic particles
Diatom ooze
Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin? West Coast of Chile Southern Coast of Alaska East Coast of the United States West Coast of Mexico East Coast of Japan
East Coast of the United States
Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? James Cook Prince Henry the Navigator Ferdinand Magellan Giovanni Caboto Vasco da Gama
Ferdinand Magellan
Which ship was involved with the initial Deep Sea Drilling Project? Glomar Challenger Comet Chikyu Challenger Resolution
Glomar Challenger
What does JOIDES stand for? Joint Ocean Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling Joint Oceanology Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling Joint Oceanography Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling
Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling
Volcanic ash is considered to be which type of marine sediment? Lithogenous Cosmogenous Hydrogenous Biogenous
Lithogenous
Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Lithogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Which of the following is the deepest trench? Middle America Aleutian Kuril Mariana Peru-Chile
Mariana
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits? Land based plants Peat and coal Microscopic organisms Dinosaurs Fish and amphibians
Microscopic organisms
In the ocean, where are the youngest rocks found? Around the continents Mid-ocean ridges Trenches Subduction zones
Mid-ocean ridges
Which of the following techniques used to determine ocean bathymetry is illustrated in the image? Magnetometer Multibeam Sonar Seismic Reflection Side-scan Sonar Sounding
Multibeam Sonar
Which institution is not associated with JOIDES? Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts Columbia University in New York National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California University of Miami, Florida
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration
What does NOAA stand for? National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Oceanic and Atlas Association National Oceanic and Atlas Administration
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
________ deposits are found on continental shelves and in shallow water near islands, whereas, ________ deposits are found in deep-ocean basins and are fine-grained. Continental shelf; beach Neritic; pelagic Beach; continental shelf Pelagic; neritic
Neritic; pelagic
Most large earthquakes occur along which of the following? Ocean trenches Faults on land Mid-ocean ridges Other faults in the sea floor
Ocean trenches
Which type of convergence is where the older denser sea floor subducts and an oceanic island arc is created? Continental-continental convergence Oceanic-continental convergence Oceanic-oceanic convergence
Oceanic-oceanic convergence
Which layer of the Earth is composed of a liquid? Outer core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Inner core Mesosphere
Outer core
The majority of ocean trenches are along the margins of which ocean? Arctic Southern Pacific Indian Atlantic
Pacific
Which is the largest tectonic plate? Arabian North American South American Pacific Philippine
Pacific
Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift? Past glacial activity Matching sequences of rocks The fit of the continents Paleomagnetic reversals The distribution of organisms
Paleomagnetic reversals
What was the name for the supercontinent about 200 million years ago? Rodinia Gondwana Laurasia Pangaea
Pangaea
The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the ________. Vikings Greeks Phoenicians Polynesians New Zealanders
Phoenicians
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Christopher Columbus John Cabot Ferdinand Magellan Ptolemy Vasco de Gama
Ptolemy
Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? Dredge Gravity corer Long line Rotary corer Seiche disk
Rotary corer
Oceanographers who want to know about ocean structure beneath the sea floor use which of the following techniques? Multibeam Sonar Sounding Magnetometer Seismic Reflection Side-scan Sonar
Seismic Reflection
Which of the following techniques used to determine ocean bathymetry is illustrated in the image? Magnetometer Multibeam Sonar Seismic Reflection Side-scan Sonar Sounding
Seismic Reflection
________ is generated by the pull of the weight of a plate as it sinks underneath an overlying plate. Slab push Slab subduction A trench Slab pull
Slab pull
The first recorded attempt to measure the ocean's depth was conducted using which of the following techniques? Sounding Multibeam Sonar Magnetometer Seismic Reflection Side-scan Sonar
Sounding
The sea floor of which of the following oceans has the simplest and most symmetric pattern of age distribution? The Arctic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Southern Ocean The Pacific Ocean The Indian Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean
Which ocean is actually a part of three other oceans? The Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean The Southern Ocean The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean
The Southern Ocean
Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule from the scientific community because of which of the following? The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the continents. There was no correlation of rocks found in adjacent positions on matching continents There is no evidence of past glacial activity in areas that are now tropical. His correlation of fossils was false; they were different species
The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the continents.
Harry Hess suggested which of the following? The continents plowed through oceanic lithosphere on their own power. The volcanic mid-ocean ridges were formed due to sea floor spreading. Guyots formed at deep depths and migrated to shallow water. The oceans are much older than the continents.
The volcanic mid-ocean ridges were formed due to sea floor spreading.
Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct? They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events. They contain plant fossils used to map the movement of the continents. They provide a discontinuous, disturbed record of Earth history. They are useful for determining the distribution of ancient dinosaurs. They represent Earth history dating back for billions of years.
They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events.
Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? Vasco da Gama Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Juan Sebastian del Caño James Cook
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago. million trillion billion thousand
billion
Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure. colder; lower colder; higher warmer; higher warmer; lower
colder; higher
The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the ________. initial collection of materials and their position in Earth presence of water at Earth's surface differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth decrease in temperature downward toward the core gravitational force created by the rotating Earth
differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ________. transform fault boundary convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic) divergent plate boundary convergent plate boundary (continent-continent) convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic)
divergent plate boundary
Based on physical properties, Earth consists of ________ layers two five four three
five
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________. ethanol rare-earth elements gas hydrates wind power coal
gas hydrates
The Big Island of Hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a(n) ________. hotspot deep sea trench mid-ocean ridge transform fault island arc
hotspot
Manganese nodules are an example of ________. biogenous sediments terrigenous sediments hydrogenous sediments cosmogenous sediments volcagenic sediments
hydrogenous sediments
Abyssal clay contains ________. magnetite iron calcite hematite
iron
The San Andreas Fault ________. is an oceanic transform fault is a continental transform fault is associated with volcanic activity is located in the Juan de Fuca Plate is associated with deep focus earthquakes
is a continental transform fault
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________. cosmogenous sediment lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment biogenous sediment hydrogenous sediment
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
Tectonic plates are pieces of the ________ that float on the more fluid ________ below. asthenosphere; lithosphere crust; lithosphere mantle; crust lithosphere; mesosphere lithosphere; asthenosphere
lithosphere; asthenosphere
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ________. being thrust over the North American plate moving over a hot spot or mantle plume being subducted beneath the North American plate being thrust under Japan being subducted beneath Japan
moving over a hot spot or mantle plume
The most likely place for the basic building blocks for the development of life to interact and produce life is in Earth's ________. oceans mantle meteorites lithosphere atmosphere
oceans
The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called ________. historical oceanography biogeochemistry paleoceanography plate tectonics climatology
paleoceanography
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as ________. not related to the location of mid-ocean ridges perpendicular to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges perpendicular to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges parallel to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. chemical geological archaeological physical biological
physical
By analyzing cores of sediment collected from the sea floor, scientists can infer past environmental conditions on all of the following except ________. atmospheric winds nutrient supply surface temperature abundance of marine life sealife populations
sealife populations
Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called ________. tablemounts oceanic trenches seamounts submarine canyons oceanic ridges
seamounts
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is ________. rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is ________. drilling direct observation satellite observation sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling) light waves
sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling)
The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________. texture angularity composition provenance fabric
texture
Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining ________. the location of ancient coral reefs the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor fossils in marine sediments apparent polar wandering glacial debris at various locations
the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because ________. they can only "see" small areas of the seafloor at one time the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor they are affected by surface weather they are inexpensive to build and launch they can't cover areas where ships have not produced surveys
the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are ________. deep sea fans white smokers graded bedding coral deposits turbidity currents
turbidity currents
Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________. water vapor released from volcanic outgassing comets from outer space release of liquid water from the core water-bearing minerals found in meteorites
water vapor released from volcanic outgassing
Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________. a snail crawls a child crawls a river flows grass grows in the summer your fingernails grow
your fingernails grow
