SPS Leaders - Adolf Hitler

Anschluss

Anschluss refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.

Enabling Act

enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament.

Beer Hall Putsch

Attempt by Hitler to overthrow the German government. He goes into a Beer Hall where many government officials are and threatens them , while holding a gun . They agree to him but later break the agreement and Hitler is ultimatley imprisoned . The 5 years he spends in prison he spends writing Mein Kamf

Gleichschaltung

In Nazi terminology, Gleichschaltung was the process of Nazification by which Nazi Germany successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of society, "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".[1]

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Appointment as Chancellor

Follows the 1932 presidental election , where the Nazi Party becomes the largest party in the legislature . He is later appointed Chancellor in 1933z

Fuhrer

Fuhrer is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide". As a political title it is most associated with the Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, who was the only person to hold the position of Führer.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan. Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

White emigres

A white émigré was a Russian subject who emigrated from Imperial Russia in the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, and who was in opposition to the contemporary Russian political climate. Many white émigrés were participants in the White movement or supported it, although the term is often broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regimes. These emigres were known to have influenced Hitler and his ideals as he came in contact with them while serving at a soldier in World War I.

T-4/ Sterilization

Aktion T4 was a postwar name for mass murder through involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany.The name T4 is an abbreviation of Tiergartenstraße 4, a street address of the Chancellery department set up in the spring of 1940, in the Berlin borough of Tiergarten, which recruited and paid personnel associated with T4.Certain German physicians were authorized to select patients "deemed incurably sick, after most critical medical examination" and then administer to them a "mercy death" (Gnadentod).In October 1939 Adolf Hitler signed a "euthanasia decree" backdated to 1 September 1939 that authorized his personal physician Karl Brandt and Reichsleiter Philipp Bouhler to implement the programme. One of the first acts by Adolf Hitler after the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act of 1933 gave him de facto legal dictatorship over the German state was to pass the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring in July 1933.The law was signed by Hitler himself, and over 200 eugenic courts were created specifically as a result of this law. Under it, all doctors in the Third Reich were required to report any patients of theirs who were deemed intellectually disabled, characterized mentally ill (including schizophrenia and manic depression), epileptic, blind, deaf, or physically deformed, and a steep monetary penalty was imposed for any patients who were not properly reported. Individuals suffering from alcoholism or Huntington's Disease could also be sterilized. The individual's case was then presented in front of a court of Nazi officials and public health officers who would review their medical records, take testimony from friends and colleagues, and eventually decide whether or not to order a sterilization operation performed on the individual, using force if necessary. Though not explicitly covered by the law, 400 mixed-race "Rhineland Bastards" were also sterilized beginning in 1937.The sterilization program went on until the war started, with about 600,000 people sterilized.

Albert Speer

Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As "the Nazi who said sorry",he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime, while insisting he had been ignorant of the Holocaust.

War Guilt Clause

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that blamed Germany for starting World War I. Created an atmosphere of resentment by the Germans towards western powers .

Weimer Republic

Government blamed for Germany's problems because they agreed to sign the treaty of versailles.

Hyper inflation

Inflation that is out of control. Hyperinflation occured because the Weimar government printed more banknotes to pay reparations and - after the 1923 French invasion - the Ruhr strikers. Because these banknotes were not matched by Germany's production, their value fell. Inflation occurred and money was worthless while the prices of goods was raised

Kraft Durch Freude

Kraft durch Freude (German for Strength through Joy, abbreviated KdF) was a large state-operated leisure organization in Nazi Germany.It was a part of the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF), the national German labour organization at that time. Set up as a tool to promote the advantages of National Socialism to the people, it soon became the world's largest tourism operator of the 1930s. KdF was supposed to bridge the class divide by making middle-class leisure activities available to the masses. This was underscored by having cruises with passengers of mixed classes and having them, regardless of social status, draw lots for allocation of cabins. Another less ideological goal was to boost the German economy by stimulating the tourist industry out of its slump from the 1920s. It was quite successful up until the outbreak of World War II. By 1934, over two million Germans had participated on a KdF trip; by 1939 the reported numbers lay around 25 million people. With the outbreak of war in 1939 the organization was mothballed, and several projects, such as the massive Prora holiday resort, were never completed.

Final Solution

Name given to the German goal of killing all European Jews.

1936 Olympics

Nazi Germany used the 1936 Olympic Games for propaganda purposes. The Nazis promoted an image of a new, strong, and united Germany while masking the regime's targeting of Jews and Roma (Gypsies) as well as Germany's growing militarism. —For the first time in the history of the modern Olympic Games, people in the United States and Europe called for a boycott of the Olympics because of what would later become known as human rights abuses. Although the movement ultimately failed, it set an important precedent for future Olympic boycott campaigns (such as those in 2008 and 2014). —Once the boycott movement narrowly failed, Germany had its propaganda coup: the 49 nations who sent teams to the Games legitimized the Hitler regime both in the eyes of the world and of German domestic audiences. The dazzling spectacle and hospitality offered in Berlin awed visiting athletes and spectators alike and sent them home with warm impressions of the host country. - Jesse Owens incident

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice or hostility toward Jews.

Lebensraum

The German concept of Lebensraum (English: "living space") refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s. First popularized around 1901,Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I (1914-1918) originally, as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion.The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe.The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy (the Master Plan for the East) was based on its tenets. It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently (either through mass deportation to Siberia, death, or enslavement) including Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan. The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter.The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation, allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany.

Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins dated back to 1922 and it received the name Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. From 1933 until 1945, it was the sole official youth organisation in Germany and was partially a paramilitary organisation; it was composed of the Hitler Youth proper for male youths aged 14 to 18, the German Youngsters in the Hitler Youth for younger boys aged 10 to 14, and the League of German Girls (Bund Deutsche Mädel or "BDM").

The 4 Year Plan

The Nazi Party's second four year plan started in 1936 and continued to 1939. The organisation of the second Four-Year Plan was put in the hands of Hermann Goering. There is little doubt that Goering found it difficult to organise the plan, which was geared towards driving Nazi Germany to an economy that was fully based around the preparation for war. Rearmament was a priority as was 'Autarky' - Germany's ability to have self-sufficiency. The Four-Year Plan had four priorities: 1. To increase agricultural production. 2. Retrain key sectors of the work force. 3. Government regulation of imports and exports. 4. To achieve self-sufficiency in the production of raw materials.

Burning of the Reichstag

The Reichstag fire (German: Reichstagsbrand, About this sound listen ) was an arson attack on the Reichstag building (home of the German parliament) in Berlin on 27 February 1933, just one month after Adolf Hitler had been sworn in as Chancellor of Germany. The Nazis stated that Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch council communist, was found near the building. The Nazis publicly blamed the fire on communist agitators in general, although in a German court in 1933, it was decided that Van Der Lubbe had acted alone, as he claimed to have done. After the fire, the Reichstag Fire Decree was passed. The fire was used as evidence by the Nazi Party that communists were plotting against the German government. The event is seen as pivotal in the establishment of Nazi Germany.

SS& Gestapo

The SS were an elite within the Nazi Party's paramilitary forces. Originally a special bodyguard for Hitler, they expanded steadily and had their own regular military units during the war. ... The Gestapo were Secret Police, formed out of the existing state police after the Nazis took power. They both helped Hitler remain in power through the gaurd of Nazi ideologies within the state.

Schwarze Kapelle

The Schwarze Kapelle (German for Black Orchestra) was a term used by the Gestapo to refer to a group of conspirators within the German military who plotted to overthrow Adolf Hitler. It included many senior officers within the Wehrmacht. Unlike the Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra), the name given by the Gestapo to the Soviet spy network within the Third Reich, the members of the Black Orchestra were of aristocratic background, felt contempt for the ideological fervor of the Nazi Party and were politically closer to the Western Allies.

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro-Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.

The White Rose Group

The White Rose was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany led by a group of students and a professor at the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign which called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Their activities started in Munich on June 27th, 1942, and ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on February 18th, 1943.[1] They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), and many of them were sentenced to death or imprisonment.

Patronage

The control of or power to make appointments to government jobs or the power to grant other political favors.

The Army Oath

The term Hitler oath refers to the oaths of allegiance, or Reichswehreid, sworn by the officers and soldiers of the German Armed Forces and civil servants of Nazi Germany between the years 1934 and 1945. The oath pledged personal loyalty to Adolf Hitler in place of loyalty to the constitution of the country.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty particularly known for its harsh reparations towards the Germans after World War I. Germany was to take full blame for the war , it was reduced to almost half its size ,it was forced to pay heavy war reperations and was not allowed to have military .

Nazi Party

the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933