SS Chapter 12

Why might John Quincy Adams be expected to become president?

John Quincy Adams was a favorite son which meant he received backing from his home state rather than the national party. Adams of Massachusetts, was the son of former president John Adams. He was popular with merchants of the Northeast.

Bureaucracy

A system of government in which specialized tasks are carried out by appointed officials rather than by elected ones

Tariff

A tax on imported goods

How did the Supreme Court rule in Worcester v. Georgia?

Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee- infav. of Cherokee.

How did Jackson view the Second Bank of the United States?

Jackson viewed the Bank as a monopoly that favored wealthy Easterners and limited western growth.

What issue sparked the nullification crisis?

A high tariff law on imported goods; tariff debate of 1828

Mudslinging

A method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make an opponent look bad

In the early 1800s, what group received more voting rights? Why was this important to the election of Andrew Jackson?

By the 1820s, many states had loosened these requirements White male sharecroppers. factory workers, and others could now participate in the political process. By 1828, nearly all states let voters, rater than state legislatures, choose presidential electors. Women still could not vote. African Americans and Native Americans had few rights of any kind. Jackson received most of the votes cast in the frontier states. He also received many votes in the South, where his support for states' rights was popular.

What tragically happened after the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia? Focus on the executive branch.

Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee. President Jackson, who supported Georgia's efforts to remove the Cherokee, declared that he would ignore the Supreme Court's ruling. "John Marshall has made his decision," Jackson is said to have declared, "now let him enforce it." No one was willing or able to challenge the president's failure to enforce the Court's ruling.

How did John C. Calhoun view the Tariff of Abominations? Make sure you address the States' Rights Theory.

He claimed that a state had the right to nullify a federal law if it was not in the state's best interests.

Why was Sequoya important?

He created a Cherokee Syllabary, making reading and writing in Cherokee possible.

What body ultimately decided the 1824 U.S. presidential election? What was this decision called?

House of Representatives; plurality

What Act passed by Congress forced the relocation of Native Americans?

Indian Removal Act allowed federal government to par Native Americans to move west; Worcester v. Georgia also enforced the Cherokee's to move out of Georgia.

How did the nullification crisis influence constitutional authority?

It lead states to believe they had more power than the federal government.

What was the outcome of McCulloch v. Maryland? Why was this important?

Maryland couldn't tax the local office of the Bank of the US because it was property of the national government.(in fav. of McCulloch/fed.) Important because it kept the states from having too much power over national government.

During the 1820s and 1830s, why were nominating conventions seen as beneficial?

Nominating conventions- a meeting in which representative members of a political party choose candidates to run for important elected offices; delegates from the states chose the party's presidential candidate; this system allowed many more people to participate in the selection of candidates.

Why was President Jackson beloved by the people who voted for him? Examine his background.

Small farmers, craftspeople, and others who felt left out of the expanding American economy admired Jackson. They felt that his rise from a log cabin to the White House demonstrated the kind of success story possible only in the United States.

Why did Southerners oppose tariffs?

Southerners disliked the tariff. They had a profitable trade selling their cotton to Europe. They feared that taxing European goods might hurt this trade. In addition, tariffs meant higher prices for the goods they bought from their European trading partners.

In 1828, what was Jackson's party called?

The Democrats

What was the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears was when the Cherokee were forced out of their land and soldiers rounded them up and marched to their new territory in the west. Cherokee people were not prepared for their journey. Illness broke out, 2,000 Cherokee died. Then exposure to weather killed another 2,000 people.

In the West, who gained the most from Cherokee/Native American removal?

The government and settlers

Why did Northerners support tariffs?

The high tariff was pleasing to Northeastern factory owners. Tariffs made European goods more expensive. This encouraged Americans to buy American- made goods.

Explain how President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system.

The spoils system is the practice of replacing current government employees with supporters of the winner. Jackson fired many federal workers when he took office in 1829, and replaced them with his supporters.

Where was the Indian Territory?

east; Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw peoples lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida

In the 1828 presidential election, how did the Republican Party view its relationship with government?

supported Adams; wanted a strong central government; supported measures such as building roads and a national bank to facilitate economic growth

In the 1828 presidential election, how did the Democratic Party view its relationship with government?

supported Jackson; favored state's rights and distrusted strong central government