Steroid Hormones
what are the 5 major classes of hormones
1. glucorticoids 2. mineralcorticoids 3. androgens 4. estrogens 5. progesterone
Effects of progesterone
1. menstrual cycle 2. pregnancy 3. embryogenesis
how many carbons in estrogens
18
What are the major but weak androgens synthesized in the kidney
DHEA and DHEAS
what is the site of testosterone synthesis
Leydig cells of the testicles
Where are androgens converted to estrogen
adipose tissue
what is a mineralcorticoid
aldosterone
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) are secreted in response to what
angiotensis II or III low levels of blood Na High levels of K
what are the estrogens
estrone estradiol estriol
cells of corpus luteum secrete
progesterone
what induces cortisol release
stress
Where is LH secreted from
Anterior pituitary
what can be used to measure adrenal androgen production
DHEAS
What is the more potent form of testosterone
DHT
Estrogens nuclear receptor
ER
what is the most predominant and potent ovarian estrogen
Estradiol
Estrogens are secreted in response to what
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Glucocorticoids nuclear receptor
GR
Androgens and progesterone are secreted in response to what
Leteinizing hormone (LH)
Mineralcorticoids nuclear receptor
MR
site of estrogen synthesis
Ovary
what is the rate limiting step of testosterone synthesis
P450scc
Progesterone nuclear receptor
PR
Site of cortisol synthesis
Zona Fasciculata of adrenal cortex
Site of aldosterone synthesis
Zona Glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
site of adrenal androgen synthesis
Zona Reticulosum of adrenal cortex
what is DHEAS
a stable metabolite of DHEA
what is the precursor for all 5 classes of steroids
cholesterol
what are glucocorticoids
cortisol (hydrocortisone)
where are androgens converted to testosterone
extra-adrenal tissue
FHS stimulates
ovarian granulosa cells to convert testosterone to estradiol
Theca and stromal cells secrete
primarily androgens
Grails cells secrete
primary estrogens
what is major site of estrone synthesis
skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
what do steroids bind to
steroid hormone receptors
Effects of Glucocorticoids
1. Anti-inflamation 2. induces gluconeogenesis 3. inhibits protein synthesis 4. reduces bone formation 5. maintain water balance
Effect of Androgens
1. Sperm proteins 2. Secondary sex characteristics 3. reduce fat deposition 4. increase muscle mass
where is the synthesis site for steroid hormones
1. adrenal cortex 2. ovaries 3. testes 4. ovarian corpus luteum
Effects of mineralcorticoids
1. regulates Na/K balance 2. Increase water retention
Effect of estrogens
1. secondary sex characteristics 2. increase fat stores 3. Increase HDL and TG 4. Reduce LDL 5. Reduce bone reabsorption
how many carbons in cortisol
21
how many carbons is progesterone
21
glucocorticoids are stimulated by what hormone
ACTH
Androgens nuclear receptor
AR
what is the major source of weak DHEA
Adrenal cortex