Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1

When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,

G proteins mediate the cell's response.

Which of the following is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC?

GTACAG

Which of the following is NOT associated with interphase?

The cell does nothing but rest

Which of the following genotypes will result in a male?

XY

An antagonist is

a muscle working in opposition to another muscle

Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?

a small pelvic outlet

An organelle is

a small structure within a cell

Which of the following is a synovial joint?

atlanto-occipital

Compounds released from cells that influence the same cell are called _____________.

autocrine chemical messengers

Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as

autosomes

The auditory ossicles are part of the

axial skeleton

When someone taps you on your shoulder, they stimulate the ____ nerve.

axillary

Which type of skin cancer is the most common?

basal cell carcinoma

What is the group of structures in the brain that is involved with emotions and memory?

basal nuclei

What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?

codominance

The glenoid cavity is where the

humerus articulates with the scapula

Match the nerve with the appropriate description. Obturator nerve

innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh

Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of

length and numbers

Which of the following facial bones is correctly matched with its function?

maxilla - possesses sockets for teeth

In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator?

metaphase

Which of the following is mismatched?

omatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS

Which of the following sequences is correct?

oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli

Which of the following is a visceral sensation?

pain

Match the disorder with its description. Neuralgia

pain along a nerve tract

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

perichondrium

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What cavity does "D" represent?

peritoneal cavity

Rapidly adapting proprioceptors that provide positional information during movement are called ______ receptors.

phasic

What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve

Eicosanoids

play a role in the response of tissues to injuries

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.

point

A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of

polygenic traits

Imagine the following scenario: Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel → Platelets secrete various substances → Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel This is an example of _____ feedback.

positive

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of

protons in a magnetic field

The function of a bursa is to

provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

provides oxygen to CNS tissue

Neurons in the skin that are responsible for detecting pain are

pseudo-unipolar

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as

psoriasis

Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would

rotate the head toward the left.

Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called

rotation

The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the

rotator cuff

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

sacral plexus

Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?

skeletal muscle

The nail proper is composed of the

stratum corneum

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "B" represent?

superior oblique

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "C" represent?

superior rectus

To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,

the ciliary muscles must contract

Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the

vestibulospinal and rubrospinal

The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings called

visceroreceptors

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

The absolute refractory period assures

completion of repolarization before another action potential

Sodium chloride is considered a(n)

compound

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as

compound acinar

Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body?

constriction of the pupil

Spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.

The capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as

contractility.

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

contraction

What does "C" represent?

conus medullaris

Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?

conversion of excess lactic acid to glucose

This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "D" represent?

dermis

The pyramids of the medulla contain

descending motor tracts

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is

detection of heat and touch

The direction from which a sound is coming can be determined by the

differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear

An infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have

difficulty regulating his body temperature

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly

experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer

Label muscle "C" on the diagram.

external oblique

A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a

fibrous joint

Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae.

filiform

If a person drums their fingers on the table, they would be using which of the following muscles?

flexor digitorum profundus

The spinal cord begins at the

foramen magnum

The area of greatest visual acuity is the

fovea centralis

The central sulcus separates the

frontal and parietal lobes

What does structure "D" represent?

frontal bone

All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a

gene

When you say "ah" and stick out your tongue, which muscle do you use?

genioglossus

The actual genetic constitution of an individual is its

genotype

The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "A" represent?

glossopharyngeal nerve

A tissue is a

group of cells with similar structure and function

Albinism in which there is an absence of melanin pigment would affect the individual's ability to

have high levels of visual acuity and prevent scattering of light inside the eye.

A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because

he lost both working and short-term memory

Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include

hearing impairment

The ligamentum nuchae

helps keep the head erect

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

hemidesmosomes

What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?

hemophilia

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?

herniated disk

What term means that both alleles are different?

heterozygous

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?

histology

The popliteal region is the

hollow behind the knee

The extensor pollicis brevis moves the

thumb

Which of the following is true?

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs

In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used? (1) right lateral rectus (2) right medial rectus (3) left lateral rectus (4) left medial rectus

1 and 4

A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a

1 osmolal solution

Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA. (2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins. (3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm) (4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated. (5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell. Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

1, 3, 4

Indicate the order of each of the following in a descending pathway. (1) cerebral cortex (2) pyramids (3) cerebral peduncles (4) internal capsule

1, 4, 3, 2

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.

12; 31

Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side? (1) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side (2) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side (3) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side (4) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side (5) loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury (6) loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury

2, 3, 6

An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have

20 neutrons

Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain: (1) olfactory bulb (2) olfactory cortex (3) olfactory epithelium (4) olfactory tract

3, 1, 4, 2

Melanin is found in which cells?

Both melanocytes and keratinocytes

A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated. (1) tendon or muscle (2) ligament (3) fibrous capsule (4) skin (5) synovial membrane

4, 1, 2, 3, 5

In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____.

46; 23

A non-albino female who is a carrier for the albino allele (Aa), mates with an albino (aa) male. What is the probability that their children will be albino?

50%

Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

All of these are effects of PTH

Acne is caused by

All of these are factors

Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?

All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions

The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons?

CAU

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Dilating and constricting the pupil of the eye

Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex?

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?

Down syndrome

Consider the two statements and use the following key to choose your answer. (1) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is angry (2) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is relaxed

First item is greater than the second item

There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.

For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells

What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?

Full thickness

Muscles can be classified by their shape and fascicle orientation. Which shape has the muscle fibers that run the length of the muscle and taper at each end?

Fusiform

Amanda has no visual impairments, but has noticed that in order to see clearly she must hold books farther from her face in order to read. What is happening to Amanda's vision?

Her lens is becoming more rigid with age

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream

What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?

Incomplete dominance

Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column?

It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord.

Atrophy at the neuromuscular junction that naturally occurs with age would have what effect on muscles?

It would decrease the number of action potentials sent to the myofiber.

Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?

Normal free TH levels, and low bound TH levels

The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called

PET

Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?

Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear

Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?

Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways?

Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons.

What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

Sharpey fibers

Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is membrane potential?

The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by ion movement.

Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system?

The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic.

Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?

They split ATP rapidly

Which of the following is true?

Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes

Which of the following statements is false?

Water evaporation heats the body

Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum-production?

Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.

What does "D" represent on the diagram?

Z disk

Lyme disease is

a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.

Rheumatoid arthritis is

a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.

An organ system is

a group of organs with a common set of functions

Gout is

a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood

In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

a transmission electron microscope (TEM)

What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs?

achondroplasia

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

activation of mRNA synthesis

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

acute hormone secretion

Sensory ______ is the ability the brain has to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli.

adaptation

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

adenine--a nitrogen base

What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?

adhesion belt

What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?

adipocytes

Heather is watching a movie. What type of chemical pathway do her muscles depend upon at this time?

aerobic respiration

The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.

aging

What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration?

albinism

The two classes of adrenergic receptors are

alpha and beta

Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion?

alpha cells - glucagon

Saltatory conduction of an action potential means that

an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node

Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?

an increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid

Arthritis is

an inflammation of any joint

Arthritis is

an inflammation of any joint.

Which of the following would you observe in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum?

balance impairment

Which of the following joints is most movable?

ball and socket

Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves.

beta

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

beta thalassemia

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

bind to and activate protein kinase

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?

biopsy

A tissue that has a fluid matrix is

blood

Ligaments attach

bone to bone

Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

both skeletal and cardiac muscle

Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging?

brain tumor progression

This is a midsagittal section of the right half of the brain. What does "A" represent?

brainstem

The sural region is the

calf

The humerus articulates with the radius at the

capitulum

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart?

cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?

cardiac muscle

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

cardiovascular

Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ______ joints.

cartilaginous

What does "D" represent?

cauda equina

The orbicularis oculi muscle

causes crow's feet wrinkles

Protein synthesis in neurons occurs in

cell bodies or soma

The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.

chemical

Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

chondroitin sulfate

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

chronic hormone secretion

When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree?

coagulation of plasma proteins

Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord?

corticospinal tract

The ______ tract and the ______ tract make up the pyramidal system.

corticospinal; corticobulbar

The peripheral nervous system includes the

cranial nerves

The process of meiosis will _____ as the gametes are produced

cut the chromosome number by 1/2

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

cyanosis

A patient with a lesion in the hippocampus may have decreased

declarative memory

The enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the

digestive tract

Where is the enteric nervous system located?

digestive tract

What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?

digital subtraction angiography

Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect?

dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs

A gene that is responsible for producing trypsin in the pancreas would be a ____ gene.

dominant

Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer?

ectoderm

What role does oxytocin play in lactation?

ejection of milk

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current

Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are

electrons

Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is the site of long bone growth?

epiphyseal plate

The habenular nuclei and pineal body are both found in the

epithalamus

Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve.

facial

You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve.

facial (VII)

Motor control of the face is the function of the ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the ____ nerve.

facial, trigeminal

When a neuron releases a neuromodulator that _____ the release of neurotransmitters from another neuron, this is called presynaptic facilitation.

facilitation

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

fibroblast

What does structure "E" represent on the diagram?

fibrous capsule

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release

humoral; neural

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC?

hypertonic solution

This is the site of fat storage in the skin.

hypodermis

Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system?

hypothalamus

In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the

ideal normal value

An example of adaptation of receptors would be _____.

ignoring the presence of clothes

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

immunity

The photoreceptor cells are located

in the photoreceptive layer of the retina

All of the following are changes due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions, except

inability to regulate blood glucose levels

As muscle activity increases, the body temperature _____.

increase

Stimulation by the autonomic nervous system results in increased insulin secretion from the pancreas during and after a meal. The following are most likely to be true.

increased insulin secretion is due to parasympathetic stimulation and acetylcholine agonists will stimulate insulin secretion

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to

increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids

Which of the following does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?

increased production of synovial fluid

If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except

increased uptake of glucose to cells

Select the term that does not belong with the others. a. muscle atrophy b. immobilization c. decrease in number of myofibrils d. loss of nerve stimulation e. increased vascularity

increased vascularity

The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except:

increases in sebaceous gland activity

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent?

inferior rectus

Local hyperpolarization in a synapse is called a(an)

inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

The term "shin splints" is associated with

injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior.

Match the nerve to the correct function. Median nerve

innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb

What structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

integral protein

What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

internal membrane surface

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the

intervertebral discs

An example of a symphysis is the

intervertebral joint

What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?

intramembranous ossification

Which of the following is correctly matched?

iris - sphincter pupillae

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid

is a good lubricant for joint cavities

The pH value

is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis

is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.

If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution

is hypotonic to the cell

sweat

is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland

The central nervous system

is the site for processing information

In the body's lever systems, the

joint represents the fulcrum point.

A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis.

karyotype

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called

keratinization

This condition is also known as hump back.

kyphosis

The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).

lateral

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent?

lateral meniscus

In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays.

light, absorb; dark, do not absorb

The synovial membrane

lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage

Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids?

lipotropins

What is a large, active phagocytic cell?

macrophage (large, mobile white blood cell)

The extrapyramidal system

maintains control of unconscious movements

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells

Which of the following muscles is involved in chewing gum?

masseter

The extracellular material of a tissue is called the:

matrix

Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______.

mediated transport

Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the

medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus

The central axis of the hair is the

medulla

What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

membrane channel protein

A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected?

mitochondrion

Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle?

moving your feet in walking

The proximal portion of the nail is the

nail root

The cervical region is the

neck

Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?

negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?

nitrogen

A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called

nondisjunction

Clusters of gray matter deep within the brain are called

nuclei

Which of the following organic groups does DNA belong to?

nucleic acid

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent?

occipital bone

What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin?

organ physiology

What type of cells break down bone tissue?

osteoclast

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis.

papillary layer

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Increases activity of GI tract

parasympathetic

Atropine causes the pupil of the eye to dilate by blocking the effect of muscarinic receptors. This means atropine is a(n)

parasympathetic blocking agent

Digestion of food is regulated by the

parasympathetic division of the ANS

The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "E" represent?

pelvic nerves

The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the

pennate

Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of _____ feedback.

positive

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent?

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Identify structure "B" on the above diagram.

preganglionic neuron

If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action.

premotor area

The opposite of supination is

pronation

Chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during

prophase

The perception of position and movement of body parts is

proprioception

Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?

prostaglandins

What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand?

receptor proteins

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?

recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system

Label muscle "D" on the diagram.

rectus abdominis

When an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, the injection is in the

rectus femoris

Which mature cells do not have a nucleus?

red blood cells

The study of the body's organization by areas is

regional anatomy

The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "B"?

responds to light touch and superficial pressure

Muscles exhibit the property of excitability. This means that the muscle

responds to stimulation by the nervous system

Multiple wave summation

results in complete and incomplete tetanus

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?

retroperitoneal organs

Rhodopsin is found in the

rods

Maya is experiencing pain and discomfort in her posterior coxal region. Which specific joint may be the problem?

sacroiliac joint

The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?

salt crystal

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?

satellite cells

What is formed from granulation tissue?

scar

Receptors that in general do not produce an action potential, but can release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential are

secondary receptors

What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

secondary structure

The superior olivary nucleus

sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.

A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n)

sensory or afferent neuron

Label muscle "A" on the diagram.

serratus anterior

What are caveolae?

shallow invaginations of cell membrane

What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?

sickle-cell disease

Glands whose ducts have few branches are called

simple

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

simple squamous epithelium

The main factor affecting depth of focus is the

size of the pupil

What type of muscle is found attached to bones?

skeletal muscle

During depolarization of the plasma membrane,

sodium ions move rapidly into the cell

The three forms of matter are:

solids, liquids, and gases

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system. All axons are myelinated

somatic motor nervous system

Which type of bone appears porous?

spongy bone

The utricle and saccule are involved in

static balance

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

stratum basale

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

stratum corneum

The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "A"?

stratum corneum

A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as

striated involuntary

In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the _____ muscle group is used.

suprahyoid

John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is(are) involved?

sympathetic division

The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.

synovial

Which of the following joints is most movable?

synovial

Transcription

synthesizes DNA from RNA.

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "E" represent?

tarsals

The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "C" represent?

terminal ganglia

Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the

thalamus

A cell is

the basic structural unit of living organisms

For distant vision,

the ciliary muscles are relaxed

When you try to focus on the tip of your nose,

the lens becomes more spherical

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

the light-scattering properties of collagen

Match the term with the correct definition. Pia mater

the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord

Osteoarthritis is

the most common type of arthritis

A neutral atom contains

the same number of electrons and protons

The visceral pleura is

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because

there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+.

Fingernails are comprised of:

thin, dead scaly cells

The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "D" represent?

threshold

What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?

tip links

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels

to have a strong signal

Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without looking at it are known as

tonic receptors

Posterior means

toward the back of the body

Medial means

toward the middle or midline of the body

The transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as

transcription

All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four?

triglyceride

Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called

trisomy 21

Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes

two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors

Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer therapy?

use of drugs to increase the blood supply to the tumor

The short connection between a spinal nerve and a sympathetic chain ganglion through which preganglionic neurons pass is called the

white ramus communicans

Match the term with the most appropriate description. Removing hand from a hot iron

withdrawal reflex

This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "A"?

zone of resting cartilage