Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1
When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,
G proteins mediate the cell's response.
Which of the following is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC?
GTACAG
Which of the following is NOT associated with interphase?
The cell does nothing but rest
Which of the following genotypes will result in a male?
XY
An antagonist is
a muscle working in opposition to another muscle
Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?
a small pelvic outlet
An organelle is
a small structure within a cell
Which of the following is a synovial joint?
atlanto-occipital
Compounds released from cells that influence the same cell are called _____________.
autocrine chemical messengers
Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as
autosomes
The auditory ossicles are part of the
axial skeleton
When someone taps you on your shoulder, they stimulate the ____ nerve.
axillary
Which type of skin cancer is the most common?
basal cell carcinoma
What is the group of structures in the brain that is involved with emotions and memory?
basal nuclei
What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?
codominance
The glenoid cavity is where the
humerus articulates with the scapula
Match the nerve with the appropriate description. Obturator nerve
innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of
length and numbers
Which of the following facial bones is correctly matched with its function?
maxilla - possesses sockets for teeth
In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator?
metaphase
Which of the following is mismatched?
omatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS
Which of the following sequences is correct?
oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli
Which of the following is a visceral sensation?
pain
Match the disorder with its description. Neuralgia
pain along a nerve tract
The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the
perichondrium
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What cavity does "D" represent?
peritoneal cavity
Rapidly adapting proprioceptors that provide positional information during movement are called ______ receptors.
phasic
What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?
phosphorylation of intracellular proteins
The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
Eicosanoids
play a role in the response of tissues to injuries
A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.
point
A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of
polygenic traits
Imagine the following scenario: Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel → Platelets secrete various substances → Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel This is an example of _____ feedback.
positive
Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of
protons in a magnetic field
The function of a bursa is to
provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction
Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
provides oxygen to CNS tissue
Neurons in the skin that are responsible for detecting pain are
pseudo-unipolar
A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as
psoriasis
Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would
rotate the head toward the left.
Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called
rotation
The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the
rotator cuff
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the
sacral plexus
Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?
skeletal muscle
The nail proper is composed of the
stratum corneum
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "B" represent?
superior oblique
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "C" represent?
superior rectus
To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,
the ciliary muscles must contract
Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the
vestibulospinal and rubrospinal
The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings called
visceroreceptors
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers
The absolute refractory period assures
completion of repolarization before another action potential
Sodium chloride is considered a(n)
compound
A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as
compound acinar
Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body?
constriction of the pupil
Spongy bone tissue
contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
The capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as
contractility.
Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?
contraction
What does "C" represent?
conus medullaris
Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?
conversion of excess lactic acid to glucose
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "D" represent?
dermis
The pyramids of the medulla contain
descending motor tracts
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
detection of heat and touch
The direction from which a sound is coming can be determined by the
differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear
An infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have
difficulty regulating his body temperature
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly
experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer
Label muscle "C" on the diagram.
external oblique
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
fibrous joint
Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae.
filiform
If a person drums their fingers on the table, they would be using which of the following muscles?
flexor digitorum profundus
The spinal cord begins at the
foramen magnum
The area of greatest visual acuity is the
fovea centralis
The central sulcus separates the
frontal and parietal lobes
What does structure "D" represent?
frontal bone
All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a
gene
When you say "ah" and stick out your tongue, which muscle do you use?
genioglossus
The actual genetic constitution of an individual is its
genotype
The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "A" represent?
glossopharyngeal nerve
A tissue is a
group of cells with similar structure and function
Albinism in which there is an absence of melanin pigment would affect the individual's ability to
have high levels of visual acuity and prevent scattering of light inside the eye.
A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because
he lost both working and short-term memory
Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include
hearing impairment
The ligamentum nuchae
helps keep the head erect
What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
hemidesmosomes
What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?
hemophilia
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?
herniated disk
What term means that both alleles are different?
heterozygous
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?
histology
The popliteal region is the
hollow behind the knee
The extensor pollicis brevis moves the
thumb
Which of the following is true?
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs
In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used? (1) right lateral rectus (2) right medial rectus (3) left lateral rectus (4) left medial rectus
1 and 4
A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a
1 osmolal solution
Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA. (2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins. (3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm) (4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated. (5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell. Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
1, 3, 4
Indicate the order of each of the following in a descending pathway. (1) cerebral cortex (2) pyramids (3) cerebral peduncles (4) internal capsule
1, 4, 3, 2
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
12; 31
Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side? (1) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side (2) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side (3) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side (4) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side (5) loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury (6) loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury
2, 3, 6
An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have
20 neutrons
Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain: (1) olfactory bulb (2) olfactory cortex (3) olfactory epithelium (4) olfactory tract
3, 1, 4, 2
Melanin is found in which cells?
Both melanocytes and keratinocytes
A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated. (1) tendon or muscle (2) ligament (3) fibrous capsule (4) skin (5) synovial membrane
4, 1, 2, 3, 5
In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____.
46; 23
A non-albino female who is a carrier for the albino allele (Aa), mates with an albino (aa) male. What is the probability that their children will be albino?
50%
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
All of these are effects of PTH
Acne is caused by
All of these are factors
Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?
All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions
The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons?
CAU
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?
Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease
Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?
Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open
Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?
Dilating and constricting the pupil of the eye
Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex?
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?
Down syndrome
Consider the two statements and use the following key to choose your answer. (1) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is angry (2) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is relaxed
First item is greater than the second item
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.
For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells
What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?
Full thickness
Muscles can be classified by their shape and fascicle orientation. Which shape has the muscle fibers that run the length of the muscle and taper at each end?
Fusiform
Amanda has no visual impairments, but has noticed that in order to see clearly she must hold books farther from her face in order to read. What is happening to Amanda's vision?
Her lens is becoming more rigid with age
All of the following characteristics of hormones except
Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream
What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?
Incomplete dominance
Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column?
It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord.
Atrophy at the neuromuscular junction that naturally occurs with age would have what effect on muscles?
It would decrease the number of action potentials sent to the myofiber.
Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?
Normal free TH levels, and low bound TH levels
The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called
PET
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?
Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?
Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength
Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways?
Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons.
What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?
Sharpey fibers
Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is membrane potential?
The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by ion movement.
Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system?
The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic.
Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?
They split ATP rapidly
Which of the following is true?
Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes
Which of the following statements is false?
Water evaporation heats the body
Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum-production?
Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
What does "D" represent on the diagram?
Z disk
Lyme disease is
a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.
Rheumatoid arthritis is
a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.
An organ system is
a group of organs with a common set of functions
Gout is
a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood
In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use
a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs?
achondroplasia
Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?
activation of mRNA synthesis
Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?
acute hormone secretion
Sensory ______ is the ability the brain has to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli.
adaptation
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?
adenine--a nitrogen base
What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?
adhesion belt
What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?
adipocytes
Heather is watching a movie. What type of chemical pathway do her muscles depend upon at this time?
aerobic respiration
The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.
aging
What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration?
albinism
The two classes of adrenergic receptors are
alpha and beta
Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion?
alpha cells - glucagon
Saltatory conduction of an action potential means that
an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node
Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?
an increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid
Arthritis is
an inflammation of any joint
Arthritis is
an inflammation of any joint.
Which of the following would you observe in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum?
balance impairment
Which of the following joints is most movable?
ball and socket
Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves.
beta
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
beta thalassemia
The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to
bind to and activate protein kinase
What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?
biopsy
A tissue that has a fluid matrix is
blood
Ligaments attach
bone to bone
Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?
both skeletal and cardiac muscle
Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging?
brain tumor progression
This is a midsagittal section of the right half of the brain. What does "A" represent?
brainstem
The sural region is the
calf
The humerus articulates with the radius at the
capitulum
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart?
cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?
cardiac muscle
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
cardiovascular
Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ______ joints.
cartilaginous
What does "D" represent?
cauda equina
The orbicularis oculi muscle
causes crow's feet wrinkles
Protein synthesis in neurons occurs in
cell bodies or soma
The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.
chemical
Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?
chondroitin sulfate
Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?
chronic hormone secretion
When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree?
coagulation of plasma proteins
Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord?
corticospinal tract
The ______ tract and the ______ tract make up the pyramidal system.
corticospinal; corticobulbar
The peripheral nervous system includes the
cranial nerves
The process of meiosis will _____ as the gametes are produced
cut the chromosome number by 1/2
The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called
cyanosis
A patient with a lesion in the hippocampus may have decreased
declarative memory
The enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the
digestive tract
Where is the enteric nervous system located?
digestive tract
What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?
digital subtraction angiography
Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect?
dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
A gene that is responsible for producing trypsin in the pancreas would be a ____ gene.
dominant
Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer?
ectoderm
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
ejection of milk
Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called
electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current
Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are
electrons
Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the site of long bone growth?
epiphyseal plate
The habenular nuclei and pineal body are both found in the
epithalamus
Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve.
facial
You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve.
facial (VII)
Motor control of the face is the function of the ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the ____ nerve.
facial, trigeminal
When a neuron releases a neuromodulator that _____ the release of neurotransmitters from another neuron, this is called presynaptic facilitation.
facilitation
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
fibroblast
What does structure "E" represent on the diagram?
fibrous capsule
Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release
humoral; neural
Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC?
hypertonic solution
This is the site of fat storage in the skin.
hypodermis
Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system?
hypothalamus
In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the
ideal normal value
An example of adaptation of receptors would be _____.
ignoring the presence of clothes
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
immunity
The photoreceptor cells are located
in the photoreceptive layer of the retina
All of the following are changes due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions, except
inability to regulate blood glucose levels
As muscle activity increases, the body temperature _____.
increase
Stimulation by the autonomic nervous system results in increased insulin secretion from the pancreas during and after a meal. The following are most likely to be true.
increased insulin secretion is due to parasympathetic stimulation and acetylcholine agonists will stimulate insulin secretion
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to
increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids
Which of the following does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?
increased production of synovial fluid
If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except
increased uptake of glucose to cells
Select the term that does not belong with the others. a. muscle atrophy b. immobilization c. decrease in number of myofibrils d. loss of nerve stimulation e. increased vascularity
increased vascularity
The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except:
increases in sebaceous gland activity
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent?
inferior rectus
Local hyperpolarization in a synapse is called a(an)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
The term "shin splints" is associated with
injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior.
Match the nerve to the correct function. Median nerve
innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
What structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
integral protein
What structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
internal membrane surface
The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the
intervertebral discs
An example of a symphysis is the
intervertebral joint
What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?
intramembranous ossification
Which of the following is correctly matched?
iris - sphincter pupillae
Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid
is a good lubricant for joint cavities
The pH value
is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis
is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution
is hypotonic to the cell
sweat
is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland
The central nervous system
is the site for processing information
In the body's lever systems, the
joint represents the fulcrum point.
A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis.
karyotype
As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called
keratinization
This condition is also known as hump back.
kyphosis
The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).
lateral
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent?
lateral meniscus
In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays.
light, absorb; dark, do not absorb
The synovial membrane
lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage
Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids?
lipotropins
What is a large, active phagocytic cell?
macrophage (large, mobile white blood cell)
The extrapyramidal system
maintains control of unconscious movements
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
manufacture blood cells
Which of the following muscles is involved in chewing gum?
masseter
The extracellular material of a tissue is called the:
matrix
Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______.
mediated transport
Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the
medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus
The central axis of the hair is the
medulla
What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
membrane channel protein
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected?
mitochondrion
Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle?
moving your feet in walking
The proximal portion of the nail is the
nail root
The cervical region is the
neck
Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?
negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?
nitrogen
A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called
nondisjunction
Clusters of gray matter deep within the brain are called
nuclei
Which of the following organic groups does DNA belong to?
nucleic acid
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent?
occipital bone
What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin?
organ physiology
What type of cells break down bone tissue?
osteoclast
This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis.
papillary layer
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Increases activity of GI tract
parasympathetic
Atropine causes the pupil of the eye to dilate by blocking the effect of muscarinic receptors. This means atropine is a(n)
parasympathetic blocking agent
Digestion of food is regulated by the
parasympathetic division of the ANS
The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "E" represent?
pelvic nerves
The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the
pennate
Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of _____ feedback.
positive
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent?
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Identify structure "B" on the above diagram.
preganglionic neuron
If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action.
premotor area
The opposite of supination is
pronation
Chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during
prophase
The perception of position and movement of body parts is
proprioception
Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?
prostaglandins
What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand?
receptor proteins
Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?
recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system
Label muscle "D" on the diagram.
rectus abdominis
When an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, the injection is in the
rectus femoris
Which mature cells do not have a nucleus?
red blood cells
The study of the body's organization by areas is
regional anatomy
The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "B"?
responds to light touch and superficial pressure
Muscles exhibit the property of excitability. This means that the muscle
responds to stimulation by the nervous system
Multiple wave summation
results in complete and incomplete tetanus
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?
retroperitoneal organs
Rhodopsin is found in the
rods
Maya is experiencing pain and discomfort in her posterior coxal region. Which specific joint may be the problem?
sacroiliac joint
The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?
salt crystal
Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?
satellite cells
What is formed from granulation tissue?
scar
Receptors that in general do not produce an action potential, but can release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential are
secondary receptors
What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?
secondary structure
The superior olivary nucleus
sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.
A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n)
sensory or afferent neuron
Label muscle "A" on the diagram.
serratus anterior
What are caveolae?
shallow invaginations of cell membrane
What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?
sickle-cell disease
Glands whose ducts have few branches are called
simple
If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of
simple squamous epithelium
The main factor affecting depth of focus is the
size of the pupil
What type of muscle is found attached to bones?
skeletal muscle
During depolarization of the plasma membrane,
sodium ions move rapidly into the cell
The three forms of matter are:
solids, liquids, and gases
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system. All axons are myelinated
somatic motor nervous system
Which type of bone appears porous?
spongy bone
The utricle and saccule are involved in
static balance
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
stratum basale
Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.
stratum corneum
The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "A"?
stratum corneum
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as
striated involuntary
In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the _____ muscle group is used.
suprahyoid
John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is(are) involved?
sympathetic division
The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.
synovial
Which of the following joints is most movable?
synovial
Transcription
synthesizes DNA from RNA.
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "E" represent?
tarsals
The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "C" represent?
terminal ganglia
Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the
thalamus
A cell is
the basic structural unit of living organisms
For distant vision,
the ciliary muscles are relaxed
When you try to focus on the tip of your nose,
the lens becomes more spherical
The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from
the light-scattering properties of collagen
Match the term with the correct definition. Pia mater
the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
Osteoarthritis is
the most common type of arthritis
A neutral atom contains
the same number of electrons and protons
The visceral pleura is
the serous membrane that covers the lungs
The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because
there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+.
Fingernails are comprised of:
thin, dead scaly cells
The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "D" represent?
threshold
What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?
tip links
Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels
to have a strong signal
Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without looking at it are known as
tonic receptors
Posterior means
toward the back of the body
Medial means
toward the middle or midline of the body
The transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as
transcription
All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four?
triglyceride
Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called
trisomy 21
Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes
two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors
Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer therapy?
use of drugs to increase the blood supply to the tumor
The short connection between a spinal nerve and a sympathetic chain ganglion through which preganglionic neurons pass is called the
white ramus communicans
Match the term with the most appropriate description. Removing hand from a hot iron
withdrawal reflex
This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "A"?
zone of resting cartilage