Stress, Adaptation, Sensory Functions

13. An individual steps into a tub of very hot water and immediately jumps out again. What mechanism caused this response? A) inflammatory response B) general adaptation syndrome C) reflex pain response D) fight-or-flight response

C

20. Which of the following illnesses has been associated with long-term stress? A) bacterial infections B) renal disease C) cardiovascular disease D) fractures

C

1. Which of the following describes the change that takes place as a result of a response to a stressor? a. Adaptation b. Stress c. Defense mechanism d. Anxiety

a

10. A patient with an inflamed appendix is feeling pain in the stomach area. What is the term for this body response to stress? A) local adaptation syndrome B) physiological homeostasis C) general adaptation syndrome D) fight-or-flight response

a

12. A patient who is being seen at a physician's office states that he has "bad headaches all the time." Diagnostic tests are normal. What is this type of response to stress called? A) psychosomatic disorder B) chronic illness C) acute illness D) pretend disorder

a

21. The wife of a patient on hospice at home is diagnosed with "caregiver burden." Which of the following best describes this syndrome? A) prolonged stress from caring for a family member at home B) inability to provide competent care for a family member C) insufficient funds to pay for medical care of a family member D) effect of the illness causing stress in siblings

a

24. Of the following physiologic stressors, which one is a physical agent? A) heat B) drugs C) bacteria D) hypoxia

a

27. Which one of the following diagnoses would be written for stress as the cause of the problem? A) Anxiety related to conflicts about values and goals in life B) Caregiver Role Strain related to long-term stress of care for a parent with Alzheimer's disease C) Spiritual Distress related to inability to accept diagnosis of terminal illness D) Hopelessness related to presence of disabling physical injuries

a

3. Which of the following best describes stress? A) a response to changes in the normal balanced state B) a perception that something is threatening C) a response to internal environment for homeostasis D) a localized response of a tissue or organ to a stressor

a

9. You respond to an approaching examination with a rapidly beating heart and shaking hands. This is the result of what type of response? a. Coping mechanism b. Stress adaptation c. Defense mechanism d. Withdrawal behavior

a

Which of the following best illustrates a gen- eral task for a patient adapting to acute and chronic illness? a. Maintain self-esteem b. Handle pain c. Carry out medical treatment d. Confront family problems

a

Which of the following phrases best illustrates the panic level of anxiety? a. Loss of control and rational thought b. Increased alertness and motivated learning c. Narrow focus on specific detail d. Narrow perception field

a

Which of the following statements concern- ing interactions with basic human needs is accurate? a. As a person strives to meet basic human needs at each level, stress can serve as either a stimulus or barrier. b. Basic human needs and responses to stress are generalized. c. Basic human needs and responses to stress are unaffected by sociocultural back- grounds, priorities, and past experiences. d. Stress affects all people in their attain- ment of basic human needs in the same manner.

a

8. Which of the following body systems are the primary controllers of homeostatic mechanisms? Select all that apply. A) autonomic nervous system B) endocrine system C) respiratory system D) cardiovascular system E) gastrointestinal system F) renal system

a,b

1. According to Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, (2006), which of the following are major sources of stress in society? Select all that apply. A) interpersonal relationships B) physical threat C) performance demands D) religious affiliations E) environmental effects F) disease states

a,c

16. A young mother tells the nurse, "I can't stop smoking. That is what I do to make myself feel better." What is the term used to describe this behavior? A) defense mechanism B) coping mechanism C) caregiver burden D) crisis

b

30. A nurse teaches a patient deep-breathing exercises to help control his anxiety. This is considered what type of stress management technique? A) meditation B) relaxation C) anticipatory guidance D) guided imagery

b

4. A patient who responds to bad news concerning his lab reports by crying uncontrollably is handling stress by using which of the following? a. Adaptation technique b. Coping mechanism c. Withdrawal behavior d. Defense mechanism

b

5. What is the term for the change that takes place in response to a stressor? A) rehabilitation C) positive movement B) adaptation D) negative movement

b

7. Various physiologic mechanisms within the body respond to internal changes to maintain relative constancy in the internal environment. The state that results is called: A) nirvana B) homeostasis C) fight-or-flight response D) anxiety

b

In which of the stages of the GAS does the body attempt to adapt to the stressor? a. Alarm reaction b. Resistance c. Exhaustion d. Homeostasis

b

Which of the following is the most common response to stress? a. Anger b. Anxiety c. Despair d. Depression

b

19. A man has noticed bright red blood in his bowel movements for over a month. He says to himself, "Oh, it's just my hemorrhoids." What defense mechanism is the man using? A) rationalization B) repression C) denial D) compensation

c

22. A friend has lost her job and is becoming increasingly anxious to the point of crisis. What type of crises is she experiencing? A) adventitious B) maturational C) situational D) emotional

c

25. Which of the following groups of nurses experience the highest levels of stress in the work setting? A) obstetric nurses B) pediatric nurses C) new graduates D) aging nurses

c

28. A nurse is teaching a patient about the benefits of exercise in reducing stress. How often would the nurse recommend the patient exercise? A) 2 hours every day B) 1 hour once a week C) 30 to 45 minutes, most days of the week D) 60 to 75 minutes, four to five times a week

c

4. Cold temperatures and loud noises are stressors to one person but not another. Why does this occur? A) Although the perception is the same, the response is individualized. B) Both individuals will respond the same, depending on the situation. C) The perception and effects of stressors are highly individualized. D) The internal environment of one person is more selective.

c

6. A patient responds to bad news regarding test results by crying uncontrollably. What is the term for this response to a stressor? A) adaptation B) homeostasis C) coping mechanism D) defense mechanism

c

8. When physiologic mechanisms within the body respond to internal changes to maintain an essential balance, which of the following processes has occurred? a. Stress b. Self-regulation c. Homeostasis d. Fight-or-flight response

c

9. A student is preparing for her first patient care assignment. She wakes up at 4:00 a.m. with a pounding pulse and diarrhea. What type of adaptive response to stress is she experiencing? A) general adaptation syndrome B) local adaptation syndrome C) mind-body interaction D) coping or defense mechanism

c

The primary controller of homeostatic mech- anisms is which of the following systems? a. Respiratory b. Cardiovascular c. Autonomic d. Gastrointestinal

c

Which of the following reactions would be considered anxiety due to a psychological response? a. Tremors b. Sleep disturbances c. Expressions of anger d. Withdrawal from interactions with others

c

2. Which of the following are considered internal stressors? Select all that apply. A) loud noises B) pollution C) illness D) hormonal change E) fear F) cold stress

c,d,e

11. What phase of the general adaptation syndrome is a patient in when he uses all of his adaptive mechanisms for dealing with stress, leaving no defense against the distress? A) alarm reaction stage B) stage of resistance C) fight-or-flight stage D) stage of exhaustion

d

14. If a nurse assessed the vital signs of a person who was in the initial alarm reaction stage (shock phase) of the GAS, what would be the expected findings? A) slow, deep breathing B) hypotension C) fatigue and lethargy D) hypertension

d

15. Which of the following group of terms best describes anxiety? A) cognitive, known threat, depression B) cognitive, visible threat, anger C) known source, prolonged, solely physical D) unknown cause, emotional, apprehensive

d

17. A nurse is preparing to teach a patient about care at home. On entering the room, she finds the patient pacing around the room, hyperventilating, and complaining of nausea. Based on these manifestations of severe anxiety, what would the nurse do? A) Provide both verbal and written information to the patient. B) Ignore the patient and teach the family the information. C) Modify the teaching plan to the patient's anxiety level. D) Postpone implementation of the teaching plan.

d

18. A woman who was assaulted in the street is brought to the emergency room for observation. A nurse documents that the woman has difficulty communicating verbally, is agitated, and complains of chest pain and a sense of impending doom. What type of anxiety is this patient experiencing? A) mild anxiety B) moderate anxiety C) severe anxiety D) panic

d

23. Which of the following is an example of developmental stress? A) a newborn who needs to be fed by bottle B) a school-aged child learning to read C) a teenager learning to drive a car D) a middle adult accepting signs of aging

d

26. Which of the following questions would be helpful in eliciting data about the effects of stress during a health history? A) "Why are you having so much difficulty breathing at night? " B) "Why do you think smoking and drinking will calm you? " C) "Do you often drink too much and have hangovers? " D) "How does your body feel when you are upset?"

d

29. What philosophy for handling stress can nurses encourage patients to adopt? A) "One for all and all for one. B) "Do today so that you do not have to do the same thing tomorrow. C) "If you have too much to do, just get busy and do it. D) "Accept what can't be changed, change what can't be accepted."

d

A withdrawn and isolated patient is most likely suffering from which of the following stressors on basic human needs? a. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security needs c. Self-esteem needs d. Love and belonging needs

d

When nurses become overwhelmed in their jobs and develop symptoms of anxiety and stress, they are experiencing which of the following conditions? a. Culture shock b. Adaptation syndrome c. Ineffective coping d. Burnout

d