Stress Management Chapter 2 Review
Limbic System
"Seat of emotions."
Four Pathways of Endocrine System
Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Thyroid Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin
Thyroid Gland
An endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin. Influenced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Components of the subcortex
Cerebellum (coordinates body movements) Medulla oblongata (regulates heartbeat, respiration, other basic processes) Pons (regulates sleep cycle) Diencephalon (regulates emotions)
Two major components of the brain
Cerebral cortex and Subcortex
Endocrine System
Comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions.
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels. Works together in two systems working together during immediate stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Hypothalamus
Part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system.
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
Cerebellum
Part of the subcortex that coordinates body movements.
Diencephalon
Part of the subcortex that regulates emotions. Made up of the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the subcortex that regulates heartbeat, respiration, other basic processes.
Pons
Part of the subcortex that regulates sleep cycle.
Glucocorticoids
Regulate metabolism of glucose. Primary one is cortisol (increase in blood glucose).
Mineralocorticoids
Regulate the balance between sodium and potassium. Primary one is aldosterone (increase in blood pressure).
Adrenal Medulla
The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines: epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
Adrenal Cortex
The part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids. Influenced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Hippocampus
The part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" that stress is present.
Cerebral cortex
The upper part of the brain, responsible for thinking functions. Also known as gray matter.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy. Happens automatically.
Subcortex
The lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive.
Corticoids Released by Adrenal Cortex
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Side-Effects of the Secretion of Catecholamines
Increased heart rate Increased stroke force Dilation of coronary arteries Dilation of bronchial tubes Increased basal metabolic rate Constriction of vessels to skin of arms, legs, muscles Increased O2 consumption
Side-Effects of the Secretion of Thyroxin
Increases the following: Basal metabolic rate Free fatty acids Gluconeogenesis Gastrointestinal motility Respiration Heart rate Blood pressure Anxiety