Stress Management Chapter 2 Review

Limbic System

"Seat of emotions."

Four Pathways of Endocrine System

Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Thyroid Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

Thyroid Gland

An endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin. Influenced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Components of the subcortex

Cerebellum (coordinates body movements) Medulla oblongata (regulates heartbeat, respiration, other basic processes) Pons (regulates sleep cycle) Diencephalon (regulates emotions)

Two major components of the brain

Cerebral cortex and Subcortex

Endocrine System

Comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels. Works together in two systems working together during immediate stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Hypothalamus

Part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system.

Thalamus

Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

Cerebellum

Part of the subcortex that coordinates body movements.

Diencephalon

Part of the subcortex that regulates emotions. Made up of the thalamus and the hypothalamus.

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the subcortex that regulates heartbeat, respiration, other basic processes.

Pons

Part of the subcortex that regulates sleep cycle.

Glucocorticoids

Regulate metabolism of glucose. Primary one is cortisol (increase in blood glucose).

Mineralocorticoids

Regulate the balance between sodium and potassium. Primary one is aldosterone (increase in blood pressure).

Adrenal Medulla

The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines: epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Adrenal Cortex

The part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids. Influenced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Hippocampus

The part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" that stress is present.

Cerebral cortex

The upper part of the brain, responsible for thinking functions. Also known as gray matter.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy. Happens automatically.

Subcortex

The lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive.

Corticoids Released by Adrenal Cortex

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Side-Effects of the Secretion of Catecholamines

Increased heart rate Increased stroke force Dilation of coronary arteries Dilation of bronchial tubes Increased basal metabolic rate Constriction of vessels to skin of arms, legs, muscles Increased O2 consumption

Side-Effects of the Secretion of Thyroxin

Increases the following: Basal metabolic rate Free fatty acids Gluconeogenesis Gastrointestinal motility Respiration Heart rate Blood pressure Anxiety