STS PRELIMS

Neolithic Revolution

At what age did the first Agricultural Revolution happened?

Neolithic Revolution

At what age did the growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible.

Paleolithic Age

At what age was fire discovered?

1) large population centers; • (2) monumental architecture and unique art styles; • (3) shared communication strategies; • (4) systems for administering territories; • (5) a complex division of labor; and • (6) the division of people into social and economic classes.

Characteristics of Civilization

Lithos

Greek for rock/stone

polished

Neolithic Technology: Neolithic stone artifacts are by definition ________ .

polished stone axe

Neolithic Technology: The _____ allowed forest clearance in a large scale.

• Coal • Colonization • Market Intervention • Geography • Innovation • Religion (and/or divergence from it) • Luxury consumption • Political fragmentation • Representative government • Chance

Reasons for the Great Divergence

Transportation and navigation Communication Weapons and armors Conservation of life Engineering Architecture

Rise of Ancient Civilizations is the Emergence of more complex science and technology on diverse usage of ....

Anthropocene

Sediments containing plastics will be a clear sign of the ________

Paleolithic people.

Technology tools and methods to perform tasks were first used by ...

Anthropocene

The Rise of the Human Empire

domestication of large animals

The __________ resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality.

Sharp-edged tool

This helps to cut up plants and dig roots.

Spears and fish hooks

This increased the number of fish caught.

Invention of Cement

This process involves sintering a mixture of clay and limestone to about 1,400 °C (2,552 °F), then grinding it into a fine powder which is then mixed with water, sand and gravel to produce concrete.

True

True or False: Every time we destroy a patch of rainforest, this changes the future of Earth's geology.

Automobile

• It enabled people to go wherever they wanted whenever they wanted. • modernize the transportation industry entirely.

Phonograph

• Prior to its creation the only option for entertainment was for live musicians or actors to perform. • This allowed people to listen to music anywhere.

Global Warming

Unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels

Paleolithic Age

What age is being described. -Nomadic group of people. -Traveled in groups, or bands, of about 20 or 30 members.

Paleolothic Age

What age is being described... Fished along rivers and coastal areas.

Paleolothic Age

What age is being described... Gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, and green plants.

Greek Civilization

What civilization is this? Alarm Clock • Water Mill

Roman Civilization

What civilization is this? Roman Numerals • Aqueducts • Surgical tools

Sumerian Civilization

What civilization is this? The Wheel The Sail Writing Maps Mathematics Time and Clocks Astronomy and Astrology Medicinal Drugs and Surgery

Chinese Civilization

What civilization is this? • Compass • Gunpowder • Paper • printing

Egyptian Civilization

What civilization is this? • papyrus • ink • Hieroglyphics • Cosmetics and Wig • Water Cloack/Clepsydra

Mud brick houses and stilt houses

What type of houses were prevalent during Neolithic Revolution

Neolithic Society

What type of society is headed by a charismatic leader of tribal groups

Large complex brains

_______ provided the capacity to make and use tools.

Flint technology

_________ technology was major breakthrough for early people.

Joseph Aspdin

a British bricklayer turned builder, patented a chemical process for making Portland cement in 1824

cave paintings

a form of communication and art found around the world done

advancement of the textile industry

a key development in the Industrial Revolution

Technology

aka "wildcards."

Neolithic age

at what age did people lived in small tribes composed of families.

Neolitic Revolution

at what aged did growth of Agriculture happened?

Paleolithic Age

at what era was the development of spoken language and efficient transfer of knowledge was made?

Paul J. Crutzen

atmospheric chemist who popularized the term "Anthropocene"

The Middle "Dark" Ages

began with the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and ended in the 1400s.

Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright

created the first airplane in 1903.

James Watt

created the first truly reliable steam engine in 1775. • This invention made locomotives and many of the textile machines possible.

Thomas Edison

created the phonograph in 1877.

Alexander Graham Bell

created the telephone in 1876.

Mass Extinction

death of the last individual of the species

threshing machine

displaced hand threshing with a flail, a laborious job that took about one-quarter of agricultural labor.

charcoal powered steam engine

enabled a large increase in iron production.

Anthropocene

era which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment

Telephone

further improved communications and eventually led to the various communications devices used today.

Airplanes

had changed the face of personal and business travel and had dramatically altered warfare.

Tin Can

have an incalculable impact on food preservation and transportation right up to the present day.

cotton gin

increased productivity of removing seed from cotton.

Jean Lenoir

invented the internal combustion engine in 1858.

Eli Whitney

inventor of cotton gin

Internal Combustion Engine

is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. Eventually this engine was used in mass transportation.

Coal mining

is the process of extracting coal from the ground.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

the first person to ever take a photograph in 1814

Great Divergence

the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world. overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilization, eclipsing Mughal India, Qing China, the Islamic World, and Tokugawa Japan. Samuel P. Huntington, 1996

Germany

took world leadership in the chemical industry during the industrial industry.

Henry Ford

was by far one of the most imperative inventors of the Industrial Revolution.

Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham plough

was the first commercially successful iron plough in 1730

Crushed yellow, black, and red rocks and combined with animal fat

what are the materials to make paint

Burning fossil fuels

what marks Anthropocene age

Iron Pyrite

what type of stone is used to create fire? it gave off sparks when struck against another rock

Michio Kaku

who referred to technology as "wildcards."

Michio Kaku

"There are dangers, but only dangers if people don't understand where technology is taking us."

Renaissance

(14th to 17th Century) regarded as the bridge between the middle ages and modern history that started as a cultural movement in Italy, it later spread towards the rest of Europe.

Industrial Revolution

(1870-1900s) of time when the face of industry changed dramatically. • Introduction of inventions that made the life of people easier. • Lasting impact on the economies of the world • The first that employed the FACTORY SYSTEM • The use of machines and an "assembly-line" approach -Invention of Machine Tools -Use of Chemicals -Aspiring chemists flocked to German universities during the period.

True

(T/F) By the end of the Paleolithic Age, people were making smaller and sharper tools.

Paleo Diet

(caveman diet) - heavy on protein and low in carbs

False

(t/f) Paleolithic humans did not learned to make their own shelters.

Coal

-valued for its energy content. -Industrialization increased the demand significantly.

Neolithic Revolution

... was a period in the development of human technology

• Trade • Conflict • Exploration and innovation

Development of Civilization

caves and even shelter made from ice and snow

During Paleolithic Age, many people Lived in what kind of shelters?

Rise of Ancient Civilizations

Emergence of more complex science and technology on diverse usage of: Transportation and navigation Communication Weapons and armors Conservation of life Engineering Architecture

Stone Age

Historians call the early period of human history as...

stored and traded. securities. Sedentary farming

In Neolithic Revolution, the growth of agriculture... Surpluses could be _____ and _____-. • Agricultural life afforded _______ • _______ populations grew faster than nomadic.

cultivated lands

In Neolithic Society, Reliance upon the foods produced from...

settlements

In Neolithic Society, it encouraged the growth of ...

surplus crop

In Neolithic Society, production of ____ yields ...

Animal skins and precursors of modern fabric.

In Neolithic Society, the clothing of the Neolithic humans were made of...

Andrew Meikle

Invented the threshing machine in 1784

fertilizers

Levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in soils have doubled in the last century because of our increased use of ___________

• Invention of first machine tools. • These included the screw cutting lathe, cylinder boring machine and the milling machine.

Machine tools invented during the Industrial Revolution

Spears, bows and arrows

Paleolithic people made better, more complex tools like _________ made killing large animals easier.

Englishman John Roebuck

Pioneered the production of sulphuric acid in 1746

• Lack of a central government • Widespread diseases (plagues) • Long religious wars • Little to no access to education • Slow technological or cultural development

Problems that rose during the "Dark Ages"

chemicals

The large production of this is an important development during the Industrial Revolution.

First Agricultural Revolution

The wide-scale transition from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement.

John Hall and Bryan Dorkin

opened the very first commercial canning factory in England in 1813.

Peter Durand

patented the tin can in 1810.

flint

people made devices from a hard stone called _______(hard, sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quartz)

Anthropocene

refer to the Quaternary, the most recent geological period

Human Revolution

refers to the remarkable and sudden emergence of language, consciousness and culture in our species, Homo sapiens sapiens.