STS PRELIMS
Neolithic Revolution
At what age did the first Agricultural Revolution happened?
Neolithic Revolution
At what age did the growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible.
Paleolithic Age
At what age was fire discovered?
1) large population centers; • (2) monumental architecture and unique art styles; • (3) shared communication strategies; • (4) systems for administering territories; • (5) a complex division of labor; and • (6) the division of people into social and economic classes.
Characteristics of Civilization
Lithos
Greek for rock/stone
polished
Neolithic Technology: Neolithic stone artifacts are by definition ________ .
polished stone axe
Neolithic Technology: The _____ allowed forest clearance in a large scale.
• Coal • Colonization • Market Intervention • Geography • Innovation • Religion (and/or divergence from it) • Luxury consumption • Political fragmentation • Representative government • Chance
Reasons for the Great Divergence
Transportation and navigation Communication Weapons and armors Conservation of life Engineering Architecture
Rise of Ancient Civilizations is the Emergence of more complex science and technology on diverse usage of ....
Anthropocene
Sediments containing plastics will be a clear sign of the ________
Paleolithic people.
Technology tools and methods to perform tasks were first used by ...
Anthropocene
The Rise of the Human Empire
domestication of large animals
The __________ resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality.
Sharp-edged tool
This helps to cut up plants and dig roots.
Spears and fish hooks
This increased the number of fish caught.
Invention of Cement
This process involves sintering a mixture of clay and limestone to about 1,400 °C (2,552 °F), then grinding it into a fine powder which is then mixed with water, sand and gravel to produce concrete.
True
True or False: Every time we destroy a patch of rainforest, this changes the future of Earth's geology.
Automobile
• It enabled people to go wherever they wanted whenever they wanted. • modernize the transportation industry entirely.
Phonograph
• Prior to its creation the only option for entertainment was for live musicians or actors to perform. • This allowed people to listen to music anywhere.
Global Warming
Unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels
Paleolithic Age
What age is being described. -Nomadic group of people. -Traveled in groups, or bands, of about 20 or 30 members.
Paleolothic Age
What age is being described... Fished along rivers and coastal areas.
Paleolothic Age
What age is being described... Gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, and green plants.
Greek Civilization
What civilization is this? Alarm Clock • Water Mill
Roman Civilization
What civilization is this? Roman Numerals • Aqueducts • Surgical tools
Sumerian Civilization
What civilization is this? The Wheel The Sail Writing Maps Mathematics Time and Clocks Astronomy and Astrology Medicinal Drugs and Surgery
Chinese Civilization
What civilization is this? • Compass • Gunpowder • Paper • printing
Egyptian Civilization
What civilization is this? • papyrus • ink • Hieroglyphics • Cosmetics and Wig • Water Cloack/Clepsydra
Mud brick houses and stilt houses
What type of houses were prevalent during Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Society
What type of society is headed by a charismatic leader of tribal groups
Large complex brains
_______ provided the capacity to make and use tools.
Flint technology
_________ technology was major breakthrough for early people.
Joseph Aspdin
a British bricklayer turned builder, patented a chemical process for making Portland cement in 1824
cave paintings
a form of communication and art found around the world done
advancement of the textile industry
a key development in the Industrial Revolution
Technology
aka "wildcards."
Neolithic age
at what age did people lived in small tribes composed of families.
Neolitic Revolution
at what aged did growth of Agriculture happened?
Paleolithic Age
at what era was the development of spoken language and efficient transfer of knowledge was made?
Paul J. Crutzen
atmospheric chemist who popularized the term "Anthropocene"
The Middle "Dark" Ages
began with the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and ended in the 1400s.
Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright
created the first airplane in 1903.
James Watt
created the first truly reliable steam engine in 1775. • This invention made locomotives and many of the textile machines possible.
Thomas Edison
created the phonograph in 1877.
Alexander Graham Bell
created the telephone in 1876.
Mass Extinction
death of the last individual of the species
threshing machine
displaced hand threshing with a flail, a laborious job that took about one-quarter of agricultural labor.
charcoal powered steam engine
enabled a large increase in iron production.
Anthropocene
era which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment
Telephone
further improved communications and eventually led to the various communications devices used today.
Airplanes
had changed the face of personal and business travel and had dramatically altered warfare.
Tin Can
have an incalculable impact on food preservation and transportation right up to the present day.
cotton gin
increased productivity of removing seed from cotton.
Jean Lenoir
invented the internal combustion engine in 1858.
Eli Whitney
inventor of cotton gin
Internal Combustion Engine
is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. Eventually this engine was used in mass transportation.
Coal mining
is the process of extracting coal from the ground.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
the first person to ever take a photograph in 1814
Great Divergence
the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world. overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilization, eclipsing Mughal India, Qing China, the Islamic World, and Tokugawa Japan. Samuel P. Huntington, 1996
Germany
took world leadership in the chemical industry during the industrial industry.
Henry Ford
was by far one of the most imperative inventors of the Industrial Revolution.
Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham plough
was the first commercially successful iron plough in 1730
Crushed yellow, black, and red rocks and combined with animal fat
what are the materials to make paint
Burning fossil fuels
what marks Anthropocene age
Iron Pyrite
what type of stone is used to create fire? it gave off sparks when struck against another rock
Michio Kaku
who referred to technology as "wildcards."
Michio Kaku
"There are dangers, but only dangers if people don't understand where technology is taking us."
Renaissance
(14th to 17th Century) regarded as the bridge between the middle ages and modern history that started as a cultural movement in Italy, it later spread towards the rest of Europe.
Industrial Revolution
(1870-1900s) of time when the face of industry changed dramatically. • Introduction of inventions that made the life of people easier. • Lasting impact on the economies of the world • The first that employed the FACTORY SYSTEM • The use of machines and an "assembly-line" approach -Invention of Machine Tools -Use of Chemicals -Aspiring chemists flocked to German universities during the period.
True
(T/F) By the end of the Paleolithic Age, people were making smaller and sharper tools.
Paleo Diet
(caveman diet) - heavy on protein and low in carbs
False
(t/f) Paleolithic humans did not learned to make their own shelters.
Coal
-valued for its energy content. -Industrialization increased the demand significantly.
Neolithic Revolution
... was a period in the development of human technology
• Trade • Conflict • Exploration and innovation
Development of Civilization
caves and even shelter made from ice and snow
During Paleolithic Age, many people Lived in what kind of shelters?
Rise of Ancient Civilizations
Emergence of more complex science and technology on diverse usage of: Transportation and navigation Communication Weapons and armors Conservation of life Engineering Architecture
Stone Age
Historians call the early period of human history as...
stored and traded. securities. Sedentary farming
In Neolithic Revolution, the growth of agriculture... Surpluses could be _____ and _____-. • Agricultural life afforded _______ • _______ populations grew faster than nomadic.
cultivated lands
In Neolithic Society, Reliance upon the foods produced from...
settlements
In Neolithic Society, it encouraged the growth of ...
surplus crop
In Neolithic Society, production of ____ yields ...
Animal skins and precursors of modern fabric.
In Neolithic Society, the clothing of the Neolithic humans were made of...
Andrew Meikle
Invented the threshing machine in 1784
fertilizers
Levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in soils have doubled in the last century because of our increased use of ___________
• Invention of first machine tools. • These included the screw cutting lathe, cylinder boring machine and the milling machine.
Machine tools invented during the Industrial Revolution
Spears, bows and arrows
Paleolithic people made better, more complex tools like _________ made killing large animals easier.
Englishman John Roebuck
Pioneered the production of sulphuric acid in 1746
• Lack of a central government • Widespread diseases (plagues) • Long religious wars • Little to no access to education • Slow technological or cultural development
Problems that rose during the "Dark Ages"
chemicals
The large production of this is an important development during the Industrial Revolution.
First Agricultural Revolution
The wide-scale transition from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement.
John Hall and Bryan Dorkin
opened the very first commercial canning factory in England in 1813.
Peter Durand
patented the tin can in 1810.
flint
people made devices from a hard stone called _______(hard, sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quartz)
Anthropocene
refer to the Quaternary, the most recent geological period
Human Revolution
refers to the remarkable and sudden emergence of language, consciousness and culture in our species, Homo sapiens sapiens.