StTS- Ch. 1: Study of Minorities

Under-representing non-European material in textbooks and classes exemplifies

Eurocentrism

___ is a variation of ethnocentrism in which the content and emphasis in history, literature, and other humanities primarily concern Western culture. One counterforce to this is ___, a viewpoint emphasizing African culture and its influence on Western civilization and the behavior of American blacks.

Eurocentrism; Afrocentrism

Criticism of a new immigrant group, compared to an earlier one

illustrates the Dillingham Flaw

Social identity theory explains that

the ingroup almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior

The development of racism includes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant offering biological distinctions of the races of mankind and 19th-century social Darwinists seeing human society as a ___ in which the naturally superior will win out.

"survival of the fittest"

Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of

Afrocentrism

Social distance studies have found

a fairly consistent pattern over the decades

What's an example of an ascribed status?

female

The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is the

group

A 2001 study of social distance found

increased diversity in society

Ranking ___ is an excellent technique for evaluating how perceptions of similarity attract closer interaction patterns.

social distance

Pluralist advocates criticize

Afrocentrism

An ___ is a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups

American white woman who's a Buddhist

Who's an example of an ethnic group?

Bulgarian Americans

A minority group is characterized by

a feeling of group identity

A minority group is determined by

a group's relative power in society

Racism is

a human invention

Jessica is a woman who lives in the US where females outnumber males. She is

a member of a minority group

The adjustment from stranger to neighbor is

a process

Ethnicity is

a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people

An ethnic group held up as a role model for a newly arrived group was probably

an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time

Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups

at a given moment in time

When a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. This is an example of

categoric knowing

Natives usually perceive strangers

categorically

The ___ describes Parrillo's idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor

concept of a continuum with friction

A ___ perspective focuses on who benefits from a particular situation

conflict

Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as

conflict perspective

Matt believes that the frustrations and struggles between social groups and classes are what structure and determine society. He is a

conflict theorist

Strict new laws enacted in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the U.S. in the 1990's resulted in a marked increase in

deportations

Studying race and ethnic relations is

difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible

Jose, who is Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City. This is an example of

emigration

When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice

endogamy

Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

Variation in physical differences such as body build, hair texture, and skin color is due in part to

evolutionary physical adaptation

Manifest functions are better than latent functions.

false

The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction.

false

Within any society, groupings of people by race, religion, tribe, culture, or lifestyle can generate a sense of familiarity and belonging.

false

Bill believes that assimilation is the key to understanding racial and ethnic differences and that economic equality will follow. His views are in line with what theory?

functionalist

___ refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents.

immigration

Social identity theory helps explain

ingroup favoritism

Sociologists define a(n) ___ as a group to which individuals belong and feel loyal. A(n) ___ consists of all people to whom an individual does not have a sense of belonging and loyalty.

ingroup; outgroup

A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably an

interactionist

By ___, Alfred Schutz meant that people from the same social world mutually "know" the language, customs, beliefs, symbols, and everyday behavior patterns that the stranger usually does not.

intersubjective understanding

When Americans say "hello" or "how are you?" this is an example of

intersubjective understanding

Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it's

intricately connected to the larger historical context of society

In a new social setting, strangers

lack the natives' knowledge of shared realities

A 2001 study showed that more than 50% of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a

latent function of workplaces

___ functions refer to obvious and intended results, while ___ functions refer to hidden and unexpected results.

manifest; latent

According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a

race

Even though women make up a statistical majority, they don't have equal representation in govt and face economic inequalities. This illustrates the idea that minority groups

receive unequal treatment as a group

Aristotle said we like "those like ourselves ... of our own race or country or age or family, and generally those who are on our own level." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement?

similarity and attraction

Functionalist theory emphasizes

social equilibrium

Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory?

social identity theory

Seeing the connection between one person's story of being bought and sold into modern slavery and recognizing the patterns of increasing human trafficking worldwide requires use of

sociological imagination

To understand intergroup relations, we must recognize that differences among various peoples cause each group to view other groups as

strangers

What is an historical example of ethnocentrism?

the "white man's burden" in England

By "ingroup," sociologists mean

the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty

As acculturation takes place

the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction

Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001,

the upward trend in social distance continued

Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society.

true

Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle.

true

Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations.

true

Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is

using the term "race" incorrectly

In American culture, things like freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are

values

Conflict theorists believe that the North Korean communist regime

was created to act against false consciousness