STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 : Nutrition

Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin". This is because exposure to UV light can convert a substance in skin, ___________, into vitamin D3

7-dehydrocholesterol

A deficiency of vitamin ______ results in deterioration of epithelial cells

A

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development

A and D

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?

Almonds (1 oz)

A team of chemists have isolated an organic water soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered an _____________

Antioxidant

A(n) _________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals

Antioxidant

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells

Antioxidants

The human body can absorb some _______ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Biotin

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major see of water-soluble vitamins

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Ten-month old baby Gabe loves to eat puréed sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. Recently, Gabe's mother noticed that his skin had a yellow color, particularly his cheeks and hands. The yellowing of the skin Gabe has experienced is likely_________

Carotenemia

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of a substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat. When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells, the chemical causes the rapid breakdown

Determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant

Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?

E

Which of the following is false

Energy metabolism is it important function of fat soluble vitamins

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

Enriched bread

Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers

False

Vitamins A, D, E, and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamin A, D, E, and K from animal sources

False

Yeah most vitamins are more bioavailable from synthetic sources than from natural food sources

False

a low level of salt in sweat is a sign of cystic fibrosis

False

Which of the following vitamins is most important for red blood cell formation ?

Folate

the human body needs vitamin K to

Form active blood clotting factors

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D

Fortified dairy products

Which of the following foods is a source of vitamin K?

Green leafy vegetables

Which of the following is the best source of beta-carotene?

Grilled sweet potatoes

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain performed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body had adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene

Why is taking excess amounts of fat soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity then taking excesses of water soluble vitamins

In general excesses of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins

Darrel suffers from frequent diarrhea as a result of IBS. Because of the frequent diarrhea, the bioavailability of vitamins in his diet __________

Is reduced

In the body, vitamin A helps

Maintain epithelial cells

________ as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism

Niacin

felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?

Niacin

_______ are water soluble me vitamins

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

_________ are water soluble vitamins

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the Intestinal tracks ability to absorb the fat soluble vitamins they contain

Olive oil

_________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones

Osteomalacia

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?

Pantothenic acid

__________ are water soluble me vitamins

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

Which is true

People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins

Vitamin D helps the body absorb _______

Phosphorus and calcium

_______ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body

Retinol

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _________ content

Riboflavin

_________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process

Riboflavin

Which of the following statements is true?

Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight

The _________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption

Small intestine

To conserve the vitamin content of foods

Stir-fry instead of boil

The liver needs vitamin K to

Synthesize prothrombin

__________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process

Thiamin

Activation of vitamin D from food sources requires a healthy liver and kidneys

True

Long term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness

True

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A

True

The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life) and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance)

True

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells

True

cystic fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

True

vitamins A, D, E, and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats

True

Compared to other water soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________

Vitamin B-12

Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?

Vitamin B-6

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following vitamins is a nutrient of public health concern?

Vitamin D

Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT

Vitamin E

Which of the following vitamins is most important as an antioxidant

Vitamin E

Choline lean is an example of

Vitamin like substance

_______ are fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins K, D, A

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin?

Whole milk

Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?

Yogurt

A common role B vitamins is that they ________

are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D ?

fatty fish and fish oils

The synthetic form of vitamin K is called _______

menadione

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends. She plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Libby should

store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time

Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting

true