STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 : Nutrition
Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin". This is because exposure to UV light can convert a substance in skin, ___________, into vitamin D3
7-dehydrocholesterol
A deficiency of vitamin ______ results in deterioration of epithelial cells
A
Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development
A and D
Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?
Almonds (1 oz)
A team of chemists have isolated an organic water soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered an _____________
Antioxidant
A(n) _________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals
Antioxidant
______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells
Antioxidants
The human body can absorb some _______ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria
Biotin
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major see of water-soluble vitamins
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Ten-month old baby Gabe loves to eat puréed sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. Recently, Gabe's mother noticed that his skin had a yellow color, particularly his cheeks and hands. The yellowing of the skin Gabe has experienced is likely_________
Carotenemia
A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of a substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat. When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells, the chemical causes the rapid breakdown
Determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant
Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?
E
Which of the following is false
Energy metabolism is it important function of fat soluble vitamins
Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?
Enriched bread
Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers
False
Vitamins A, D, E, and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamin A, D, E, and K from animal sources
False
Yeah most vitamins are more bioavailable from synthetic sources than from natural food sources
False
a low level of salt in sweat is a sign of cystic fibrosis
False
Which of the following vitamins is most important for red blood cell formation ?
Folate
the human body needs vitamin K to
Form active blood clotting factors
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D
Fortified dairy products
Which of the following foods is a source of vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following is the best source of beta-carotene?
Grilled sweet potatoes
Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain performed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body had adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?
He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene
Why is taking excess amounts of fat soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity then taking excesses of water soluble vitamins
In general excesses of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins
Darrel suffers from frequent diarrhea as a result of IBS. Because of the frequent diarrhea, the bioavailability of vitamins in his diet __________
Is reduced
In the body, vitamin A helps
Maintain epithelial cells
________ as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism
Niacin
felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?
Niacin
_______ are water soluble me vitamins
Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
_________ are water soluble vitamins
Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the Intestinal tracks ability to absorb the fat soluble vitamins they contain
Olive oil
_________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones
Osteomalacia
Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?
Pantothenic acid
__________ are water soluble me vitamins
Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin
Which is true
People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins
Vitamin D helps the body absorb _______
Phosphorus and calcium
_______ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body
Retinol
Exposing milk to light can reduce its _________ content
Riboflavin
_________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process
Riboflavin
Which of the following statements is true?
Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight
The _________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption
Small intestine
To conserve the vitamin content of foods
Stir-fry instead of boil
The liver needs vitamin K to
Synthesize prothrombin
__________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process
Thiamin
Activation of vitamin D from food sources requires a healthy liver and kidneys
True
Long term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness
True
Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A
True
The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life) and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance)
True
Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells
True
cystic fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
True
vitamins A, D, E, and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats
True
Compared to other water soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________
Vitamin B-12
Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?
Vitamin B-6
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following vitamins is a nutrient of public health concern?
Vitamin D
Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT
Vitamin E
Which of the following vitamins is most important as an antioxidant
Vitamin E
Choline lean is an example of
Vitamin like substance
_______ are fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins K, D, A
Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin?
Whole milk
Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?
Yogurt
A common role B vitamins is that they ________
are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes
which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D ?
fatty fish and fish oils
The synthetic form of vitamin K is called _______
menadione
Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends. She plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Libby should
store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time
Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting
true