Successful Aging Exam 1 Material
The disorder known as tinnitus involves which symptom that can affect older adults? Ringing in the ears Watering of the eyes Feelings of dizziness Excessive dry mouth
Ringing in the ears
The Selective Optimization with Compensation model of aging proposes that older adults maximize their functioning by: Seeking friendship support Disengaging from family roles Genetically modifying their diet Focusing on area in which they can excel
Focusing on area in which they can excel
When it comes to concerns in using technology, which of the following seems to be of utmost importance for older adults? Privacy Appearance Risk of injury Risk of stress
Privacy
By the age of 70, the average person loses _____% aerobic capacity per decade: 30 20 15 5
20
Women over age 65 account for what approximate percent of the total over-65 population? 34% 48% 56% 80%
56%
The most common form of cancer around the world is cancer of the: Lung Prostate Breast Bladder
Lung
What is FALSE regarding the process menopause among aging women? The average age of menopause is 50 Menopause is delayed among women who tend to be thin or who smoke Menopause occurs earlier among women who tend to be thin or who smoke The process of estrogen decline begins about 10-15 years before menopause
Menopause is delayed among women who tend to be thin or who smoke
Increases in which condition among older adults are thought to be related to greater prevalence of diabetes? Metabolic syndrome Liver disease Respiratory illness Insulin absorption
Metabolic syndrome
A study of female shoppers showing that retailers gave preferential treatment to well-dressed young women supports which theory related to ageism? Age-as-a-leveler Terror management Multiple jeopardy Modernization
Multiple jeopardy
Which of the following would be considered a measure of functional age? Years since birth The age a person feels Expected time until death Muscle strength
Muscle strength
Idiosyncratic events that randomly occur throughout life and have an impact on development are considered: Nomrative age-graded influences Non-normative influences Normative history-graded influences Secondary influences
Non-normative influences
The idea that people realize they are getting older through a step-wise progression whereby they notice the signs and symptoms of aging best relates to: The biopsychosocial model The multiple threshold model Successful aging model Developmental adaptation model
The multiple threshold model
Unstable molecules that can form bonds with unpaired electrons and cause cellular damage are known as: Mitochondrial mutations Free radicals Advanced glycation end-products Telomeres
Free radicals
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the microsystem includes: Family, friends, and others the individual knows Culture, nationality, and economic structure Government and large-scale institutions Mass media, health care systems, and the community
Family, friends, and others the individual knows
The rates of physical inactivity for individuals 75 and older are estimated to be: 25% 35% 45% 60%
35%
Cohort is best described as the __________ of a person's birth. Year Day Age Historical event
Year
The safety of older adults in the home can be affected by smell sensitivity, with ____% of individuals 70 and older having difficulty smelling the odor of natural gas. 25 31 45 52
31
Older adults, aged 65 and older, account for ______ of all hospitalizations due to the flu. 15-30% 30-50% 50-70% 70-99%
50-70%
The maximum life-span of the human species is currently: 115 years and 64 days 118 years and 122 days 122 years and 164 days 130 years and 222 day
122 years and 164 days
Baby boomers represent a collective cohort of persons born between _____________. 1928-1945 1946-1964 1965-1980 1981-2995
1946-1964
Which of the following best represents an ageist stereotype about aging? Older adults are cute and kind Aging does not necessarily make people wise Older adults can learn new technologies Some old people need to refresh their driving skills
Older adults are cute and kind
im is a 90 year old former high school teacher who was just diagnosed with congestive heart failure. According to Jim, this is the first time in his life that he has ever been diagnosed with anything beyond a common sniffle or cold. Which longevity concept would best describe Jim? Jim is a survivor Jim is a delayer Jim is an escaper Jim is a realis
Jim is a delayer
People who decide to retire before the typical age of 65-70 would be considered to have an older ___________ age than their friends who are still working. Psychological Biological Social Personal
Social
In the period 2015 to 2017, the greatest increase in number of cold-related deaths, or hypothermia, occurred for which group of adults in the U.S.? 65-74 years old in urban areas 75 years and olde in high-wealth countries 85 years and older in rural areas 25-34 years old in urban areas
85 years and older in rural areas
A set of beliefs, attitudes, social institutions, and acts that denigrate individuals or groups of persons based on chronological age is known as: Sexism Racism Ageism Selection
Ageism
The scientific and interdisciplinary study of biopsychosocial aging processes is a discipline referred to as: Psychology Geriatrics Gerontology Biodemography
Gerontology
The Gompertz function is most closely associated with which theory of aging? Random error Wear-and-tear Programmed aging Cross-linking
Programmed aging
The fact that people feel they are the same and enjoy doing many of the same things they have always done over time despite the fact that they are constantly undergoing age-related changes is the basis of which principle of adult development and aging? individuality continuity discontinuity normative
continuity
Antioxidants are thought to be important to reversing or slowing down the aging process according to which biological theory? Error catastrophe Autoimmune Free radical Cross-linking
Free radical
The average number of years one can expect to live based on cohort or year of birth is referred to as: Maximum life-span Life-expectancy Longevity Mortality
Life-expectancy
Which of the following behaviors is known to be a risk factor for osteoarthritis? Smoking Overweight Sun exposure Exposure to loud sounds
Overweight
A student begins graduate school at the age of 42, much later than the traditional-aged graduate student. This student would be considered to have an "off-time" _________ clock. normative Biological Social Epigenetic Secondary
Social
Disengagement posits that is socially expected and normative that older adults decrease or withdrawal involvement in ____________ . Social roles Solitary pursuits Self-care behaviors Life review activities
Social roles
Compared to the life span, the life course emphasizes which factors in development? Genetic influences Socio-cultural norms and expectations Impact of health and disease Cognitive development
Socio-cultural norms and expectations
Albert is a 50-year old factory supervisor who is always complaining that his millennial co-workers are unwilling to work hard and worry nothing about anything but themselves. Albert's viewpoint best demonstrates which underlying developmental process: Mistrust Despair Inferiority Stagnation
Stagnation
After 20 years of marriage, Nancy finalized her divorce from her spouse. Now, she must decide whether she has enough time and financial resources to continue living in her home or to rent an apartment. This scenario best represents which following life course process? Transition Turning point Timing of experience Mesosystem
Turning point
Which of the following is assessed in the Activities of Daily Living measure? Ability to use computers Number of close friends Ability to dress oneself Knowledge of one's finances
Ability to dress oneself
The idea that the consequential impact of early life events on development later life is mainly determined by the proximal availability of psycho-social resources best defines which life-course theory principle: Age-stage Linked-lives Accentuation Cycle of control
Accentuation
The substances that accumulate with age in collagen, causing it to cross-link, are known as: Teleomere-shortening molecules Antioxidant radicals Advanced glycation end-products APOE3
Advanced glycation end-products
Random error theories assume that biological development and aging is due to:___________ Chance exposures within the environment Genetic determinants Normative history-graded events Cellular functioning
Chance exposures within the environment
Tertiary aging is the process that occurs at what point in life? Decline before death Growth in sexual maturity When people start to "feel" their age Around the start of middle age
Decline before death
Epidemiologists believe that which factor plays an important role in creating risk within the "stroke belt" in the southeastern U.S.? Unhealthy diets Strong UV rays Lack of swimming pools Poor family ties
Unhealthy diets
Research shows that older adults most likely to use wearable technology in their daily lives tend to have: poor self-esteem higher internal motivation greater risk of heart disease concerns with privacy
higher internal motivation
ccording to Erikson's theory, what is the key developmental task in late adulthood? identity vs. identify confusion intimacy vs. isolation generativity vs. stagnation integrity vs. despair
integrity vs. despair
The loss of height that often occurs in later adulthood is due primarily to which physiological change? decrease in bone cartilage loss of bone mineral content changes in elastin thinning of epithelial cells
loss of bone mineral content
Changes with age in the tissue of the wall of the cochlea is associated with which form of hearing loss? sensory presbycusis tinnitus metabolic presbycusis vertigo
metabolic presbycusis
In the condition known as androgenic alopecia, middle-aged and older individuals experience: pattenered hair loss graying of the hair accumulation of age spots thickening of the nails
pattenered hair loss
A 79-year-old woman's exercise routine includes resistance training three times a week for an hour alternating with one-hour workouts on an elliptical machine. As a result, she will experience less of which particular age-related change in physical functioning? photoaging tinnitus presbycusis sacropenia
sacropenia
Which type of exercise would be best to prevent damage to the joints in adulthood? jogging basketball tennis stretching
stretching
Centenarians represent persons who have lived at least _____ years. 50 75 100 110
100
Around the world, the fourth most common form of blindness is: Age-related presbycusis Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration Cataract
Age-related macular degeneration
The concept of niche-picking is most closely associated with which model of development? Organismic Interactionist Mechanistic Genetic
Interactionist
Which of the following is a contextual influence on development? Genetic traits Change due to maturation Social class Inherited abilities
Social class
A new high tech company decides to focus its work on fall prevention for older adults. They begin with the simplest, "low-tech" method recommended by gerontologists of: putting furniture in the middle of long hallways dimming the lights to prevent glare from the windows providing handrails from halls and stairways in the home raising the thermostat so older adults don't get cold
providing handrails from halls and stairways in the home
Changes with age in the tissue of the wall of the cochlea is associated with which form of hearing loss? sensory presbycusis tinnitus metabolic presbycusis vertigo
sensory presbycusis
Bronfenbrenner's view that there are multiple levels of organization in the environment that can affect the development of the individual is known as the _____________ perspective: International Life-Span Life Course Ecological
Ecological
What is TRUE regarding persons aged 50 and older relative to computing and gaming. A greater proportion of women report engagement in daily gaming compared to men Persons aged 50 and older spend an average of 5 hours a week computing and gaming Nearly 73% of persons aged 50 and older use a smart phone or mobile device All are true
All are true
Which of the following is characteristic across all longevity blue zones: Diet that is plant-based Presence of family or intergenerational support Lower than normal rates of heart disease, dementia, and hypertension All of the Above
All of the Above
The fact that changes in appearance reflect biological changes, individual identity, and social attitudes toward aging is an example of the: Biopsychosocial model Continuity principle Survival principle Medical model
Biopsychosocial model
Which sex and racial/ethnicity group has the highest rates of new cancer cases and deaths per year? Hispanic females Asian-Pacific Islander males White males Black males
Black males
Researchers believe the FOXO gene may play a role in which heritable trait? Life-expectancy Cross-linking Longevity Antioxidation
Longevity
People who encounter life events that coincide with social expectations based on their chronological age are said to experience which type of influence? normative history-graded Non-normative Normative age-graded Normative psychological
Normative age-graded
Government research suggests that safe exposure to sound is around a maximum of_________ decibels over an 8 hour day. 80 105 110 120
80
By the age of 75, what percent of adults in the U.S. have lost all their natural teeth? 19 26 55 75
26
Which of the following chronic conditions represents the most common functional health problems among persons aged 45 and older. Heart disease Hypertension Diabetes Arthritis
Arthritis
What is true relative to the compression of morbidity (e.g., disease) in human aging: Life extension would result in a shorter life but significantly fewer disability days until death The practice of calorice restriction and exercise would increase risk of morbidity until death Compression of morbidity would result in a shorter disability free life until death Caloric restriction and physical activity help to compress morbidity and extend disability free days until death
Caloric restriction and physical activity help to compress morbidity and extend disability free days until death
What is the term for the cardiovascular disease in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's organs, causing buildup of fluid in the tissues? Transient ischemic attack Cerebrovascular accident Congestive heart failure Ischemic heart disease
Congestive heart failure
The proposal that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to maintain their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory? Continuity Disengagement Activity Ecological
Continuity
There has been recent debate surrounding COVID-19 and whether it should be designated as the leading cause of death. However, what is TRUE regarding COVID-19 and death? Covid has resulted in a proportionately higher death rate among person under age 18 Persons age 85 and older are less likely to die from Covid compared those 65-74 years of age Middle-aged adults between 40-64 are more likely to die of Covid compared those age 65 and older Covid accounts for 95% of all deaths among persons aged 65 and older
Covid accounts for 95% of all deaths among persons aged 65 and older
The age-related change known as presbyopia causes which change in the senses? Loss of smell senstivity Increases in ability to hear low-pitched tones Decreased ability to focus on near objects Increased preference for salty foods
Decreased ability to focus on near objects
The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to: Release of free radicals Lack of cellular replication Accumulation of toxins in the cell nucleus Destruction of the ends of chromosomes
Destruction of the ends of chromosomes
The fact that humans are more likely to discontinue technology use with increasing older age is what some experts refer to as an age-associated inequality known as a/an__________. Social phobia Human agency Human-machine learning Digital divide
Digital divide
Research on the relationship between lifestyle factors and telomere length in healthy older adults suggests that _____________ plays a role, although small, in preserving telomeres: Occupation Exercise Education Diet
Education
You are up late one day watching an infomercial on TV when all of the sudden the host proclaims, "Buy this five blade super vegetable juicer and it will fix all your aging ailments and is bound to help you live beyond 120 years." Relative to this statement, the infomercial host would most likely maintain which worldview of longevity? Realist Optimist Futurist Pessimist
Futurist
Programmed theories of aging assumed that biological development is determined by: Chance or error Genetics Wear and tear Caloric restriction
Genetics
____________ involves the study of aging as it relates to human-machine learning and interaction(s), biopsychosocial health, and well-being after age 65. Gerontology Geriatrics Gerontechnology Biodemography
Gerontechnology
The idea that human biology is linked to the sequential timing of survival and death of individuals resulting in an exponential component of mortality risk within populations best reflects which biological concept of aging and human development: Hayflick limit Advanced glycation end-product Gompertz equation Wear and tear
Gompertz equation
The average number of years one can expect to live without the burden of disease or disablement is referred to as: Life-expectancy Maximum life-span Healthy life-expectancy Maximum health life-span
Healthy life-expectancy
Activity theory proposes that older adults have the highest levels of well-being when their level of social involvement is: Low Moderate High On-time
High
The fastest growing ethnic minority group in the U.S. of people 65 and older consists of: Asian Americans Native Americans Blacks Hispanics
Hispanics
Relative to individuality, developmental differences observed between groups of people best reflects: Interindividual differences Intraindividual differences Secondary aging Multidirectionality
Interindividual differences
A term in gerontology used to refer to people who are in the age group of 85 and older is: Young-old Middle-old Oldest old Healthy old
Oldest old
John is a 68-year old retired fireman who recently had knee replacement surgery two months before his 50th high school class reunion. John's goal is to attend this reunion with having to use a walker, cane, or other assistive device. Therefore, he recently scheduled multiple outpatient rehabilitation workout session to give himself greater opportunity to workout and practice walking. This scenario most accurately reflects what component of SOC Theory? Selection Optimization Compensation Biological age
Optimization
One of the most common pathways toward developing a sense of generativity in middle age is: Retirement Marriage Parenthood Employment
Parenthood
The effect of ultraviolet rays on the skin, accelerating the process of wrinkling, is known as: Adrenopause Dysthermia Presbycusis Photoaging
Photoaging
The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, and: Lack of close relationships Low income and education Physical inactivity Living in rural areas
Physical inactivity
The fact that cells are only able to undergo a fixed number of divisions before they lose the ability to reproduce is scientifically known as: Replicative senescence Random error Gompertz equation Cross-linking
Replicative senescence
In which of the following Blue Zones, do men tend to live the longest compared to anywhere else in the world? Okinawa, Japan Sardina, Italy Ikaria, Greece Nicoya, Costa Rica
Sardina, Italy
A 66-year-old woman moves to Arizona from her hometown in Michigan. She enjoys outdoor activities and especially likes to spend time in the sun. For the last 3 years, she has battled skin cancer but her friends back home (who are less exposed to the sun) have remained cancer-free even though their skin shows signs of aging. The sun-loving woman's cancer is an example of which type of aging? Primary Teritiary Optimal Secondary
Secondary
Which theoretical model of adult development and aging proposes that people pick and choose life goals and activities in which to invest their time and energies as they get older? Continuity theory Selection optimization and compensation Life course theory Activity theory
Selection optimization and compensation
Betty is a 80 year old widow and grandmother that enjoys using new technology. When not at home texting her grandchildren, Betty can often be found at the local senior center playing computer games. Betty is what some might refer to as a/an:_______________. Digital divide Technogenerian Nanogenerian Social media influencer
Technogenerian
Which theoretical perspective on ageism gives the greatest emphasis to human survival and fear of death as a cause? Disengagement theory Terror-management theory Life-span developmental theory Age-as-a-leveler
Terror-management theory
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis plus which other respiratory disease? Lung cancer Asthma Emphysema Pneumonia
Emphysema
A region of the world where persons commonly reach 100 years of age in relative good physical and functional health is referred to as a/an: Orange Zone Blue Zone Zone of Proximal Development Centenarian
Blue Zone
Which of the following represents the most common visual disorder among older adults? Cataracts Age-related maculare degeneration Glaucoma Tinnitus
Cataracts
The theory proposing that aging results from mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is referred to as: Telomere Error catastrophe Autoimmune Replicative senescence
Error catastrophe
Mary is a 69 year old former air traffic controller. Upon a recent visit to her physician, Mary's blood pressure was recorded at 128/77. Which of the following is the best way to describe Mary's blood pressure? Normal Elevated High Hypertensive
Elevated
Steps to improve an older adult's sleep habits should include which actual behaviors? napping in the early afternoon Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle Exercising early in the day Relaxing before bed with a tablet computer
Exercising early in the day
Which of the following conditions appears to be related to incontinence in women? Height over 5'7" Active participation in swimming Low education History of falls
History of falls
Which of the following terms is considered to be the age at which a person is expected to occupy a certain position in life. Biological age Psychological age Social age Functional age
Social age