Sugar that changed the world

Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim? "Cleaning and weeding was done as many as three times." "It was some of the worst labor." "A weeder spent ten to fourteen hours a day bent over with a hoe." "Rats were everywhere."

"It was some of the worst labor."

Which statement summarizes Samantha's claim? Fast food restaurants attract a lot of customers. Fast food restaurants need to create more varied menus. Fast food restaurants would profit from offering vegan meals. Fast food restaurants would lose money by catering to vegans.

Fast food restaurants would profit from offering vegan meals.

How do the authors develop the claim in the two passages? Both passages help the reader understand how the end of involuntary servitude in Haiti led to the end of involuntary servitude in Britain. Both passages illustrate how property rights were more important to the British than to Americans. Both passages support the claim that human rights became more important than property rights in the early 1800s. Both passages support the claim that the end of the slave trade eventually led to the end of the sugar industry.

Both passages support the claim that human rights became more important than property rights in the early 1800s.

Which statement best summarizes the claim the author makes in the excerpt? People actually love drinking recycled wastewater. Wastewater is not easy to purify, but it is necessary for survival. California is facing a drought that has greatly affected the water supply. Convincing people to drink recycled water is a more difficult task than producing it.

Convincing people to drink recycled water is a more difficult task than producing it.

Which sentence contains a restrictive clause? The road, which was long and winding, took us deeper and deeper into the dark forest. The parrot, which must have been tame, flew out of the tree and landed on my shoulder. Aware that I could be bitten, I carefully approached the trapped dog, which growled at me. I chose the player who ran fastest, but the other captain wanted the one with the hardest kick.

I chose the player who ran fastest, but the other captain wanted the one with the hardest kick.

Which words from the passage help to create a dark or grim tone? sent, burn, bent palms, eyes, rawhide morning, weeds, tough callused, scorching, prowls

callused, scorching, prowls

Which details do the authors include to support the claim in this passage? Select two options. information about organizing the meeting in Alligator Woods explanations of how revolutionary ideas spread to Saint Domingue descriptions of the difficult conditions the enslaved people faced examples of revolutionary ideas from other countries specifics about how the English freed the enslaved people

explanations of how revolutionary ideas spread to Saint Domingue examples of revolutionary ideas from other countries

On what basis should a reader evaluate evidence for effectiveness? Select three options. similarity to the reader's views relevance to the central idea connection to one part of the claim sufficiency to support the purpose credibility of the source

relevance to the central idea sufficiency to support the purpose credibility of the source

Which words from the passage best support the author's purpose? tired, toils, poor repose, places, air huts, covered, dry sheds, places, damp

tired, toils, poor

Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose? "Sugar was the product of the slave and the addiction of the poor factory worker—the meeting place of the barbarism of overseers such as Thomas Thistlewood and the rigid new economy." "When we talk about Atlantic slavery, we must describe sugar Hell; and yet that is only part of the story." "Africans were the true global citizens—adjusting to a new land, a new religion, even to other Africans they would never have met in their homelands." "And indeed, it was when the enslaved Africans began to speak—in words and in actions—when Europeans began to see them as human, that the Age of Sugar also became the Age of Freedom."

"And indeed, it was when the enslaved Africans began to speak—in words and in actions—when Europeans began to see them as human, that the Age of Sugar also became the Age of Freedom."

Which details from the text support the central idea of this passage? Check all that apply.

"Greek scholars moved to Jundi Shapur." "Nestorians . . . had their own ancient and scholarly traditions." "The school created the very first teaching hospital in the world."

Which line from the passage best provides evidence to support the claim that sugar was more of "a killer" in Louisiana than in the Caribbean? "In every single American slave state, the population of enslaved people kept rising. . . ." ". . . enough enslaved children were born, lived, and grew to become adults." "Not only did the slave states need to harvest the cane in perfect rhythm with the grinding mills. . . ." "People needed to work faster than the weather. . . ."

"People needed to work faster than the weather. . . ."

Which quotation best gives empirical evidence supporting the central idea that the Indians' working conditions were similar to slavery? "If they were lucky, [they might] get a place at the factory." "The Indians' contracts called for seven hours' work for about twenty-four cents a day." "During the first few months . . . eight cents a week was deducted for food rations." "Their lives were completely controlled by the terrifying overseers."

"Their lives were completely controlled by the terrifying overseers."

Which quotation provides evidence to support the claim that the sugar trade led to the end of slavery? "The English public . . . knew little about the lives of the enslaved Africans whose labor sweetened their meals." "Every Englishman who . . . built the barrels to hold slave-harvested sugar made his money from the slave trade." "The English were getting richer because Africans were being turned into property." "While that link gave the English a stake in slavery, it also gave the antislavery forces an opportunity."

"While that link gave the English a stake in slavery, it also gave the antislavery forces an opportunity."

These statements are from an evaluation of John Schwartz's article. Read each statement, then use the drop-down menus to identify the correct order in which the sentences should appear. In his article, John Schwartz explains why convincing the public to use recycled water will be a difficult challenge. ✔ 12 3 4 Schwartz provides evidence to support his idea, including the results of a study in which 13 percent of participants refused to try recycled water. 1 X 2 ✔ 34 The article ends with a strong conclusion that identifies ways to overcome the potential public rejection of recycled water. 1 2 3 ✔ 4 He cites experts who state that for many people there is a "yuck factor" related to the use of treated wastewater. 1 ✔ 2X 3 4

1 3 4 2

Read these sentences from Paco's evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in the article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." (1) In addition to quoting comments about Dylan's contributions to literature, DeLuca examines Dylan's writing and its influences. (2) Despite a somewhat confusing presentation of evidence, in the end, DeLuca's argument is convincing. (3) In his article, DeLuca attempts to come to grips with the decades-old question "Are rock lyrics poetry?" (4) He claims that this question has been answered with a resounding yes by the Nobel committee, who awarded their literary prize to singer-songwriter Bob Dylan for his collective literary works, most of which are song lyrics. In which order should the sentences appear? 1 - 2 - 4 - 3 2 - 1 - 4 - 3 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 4 - 2 - 1 - 3

3 - 4 - 1 - 2

Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage? Economic demand for sugar led to political pressure to end enslavement. The growing demand for sugar made the lives of enslaved people even worse. Turning Africans into objects was important for the sugar industry to succeed. Monarchies became increasingly strong and popular during the Age of Sugar.

Economic demand for sugar led to political pressure to end enslavement.

How does the image most support the central idea of this text? It emphasizes how time-consuming the sugar-making process was. It illustrates the importance of a warm climate to sugar production. It shows the large numbers of workers and tasks required to refine sugar. It clarifies the many differences between producing sugar and producing honey.

It shows the large numbers of workers and tasks required to refine sugar.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. A rock drawing in Spain from about 7000 B.C. shows a man who has climbed a hillside, found a crevice holding a hive, and is reaching in to grab the honey. Indeed, a lucky wanderer in just about any part of Europe, Africa, or Asia that wasn't covered with ice could stumble on a hive and—at the risk of some stings—come away with a treat. (People in the Americas had no bees, so used syrups made from maple trees, agave cactus, or mashed fruits for their sweeteners.) Then someone figured out that you didn't have to be lucky. You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home. You could "keep" bees—you didn't have to find them. Which statement best describes the structure of this passage?

It uses a problem-and-solution structure to show how people got honey without searching for bees.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Paula is moving to Chicago, winters are cold there. Which revision best corrects the sentence? Paula is moving to Chicago winters are cold there. Paula is moving to Chicago, where winters are cold. Paula is moving to Chicago, so winters are cold there. Paula is moving to Chicago; however, winters are cold there.

Paula is moving to Chicago, where winters are cold.

What is the most important point that the authors make in this paragraph? Most enslaved people worked under fair to good conditions. Enslaved workers had decent lives if they had fair overseers. Plantations often were harsh because of the cruelty of those in charge. Men with absolute power can lose the sense of what it means to be good.

Plantations often were harsh because of the cruelty of those in charge.

Which examples are simple sentences? Select three options. What a person reads can tell you a lot about him or her. Reading novels is one of the greatest pleasures in my life. Reading books can take you places that you have never been before. Some call reading fantasy and science fiction a form of escapism. One of the best ways to learn about history is by reading historical novels.

Reading novels is one of the greatest pleasures in my life. Some call reading fantasy and science fiction a form of escapism. One of the best ways to learn about history is by reading historical novels.

How does the author's use of the word silence affect the tone? Silence has a negative connotation, indicating that the mill owners wanted a quiet workplace. Silence has a positive connotation, indicating that quiet workers are productive workers. Silence has a negative connotation, indicating that the owners would not tolerate protests. Silence has a positive connotation, indicating that enslaved people took part in wordless protests.

Silence has a negative connotation, indicating that the owners would not tolerate protests.

Which evidence in this paragraph supports the idea that Dylan is extremely influential? Select three options. Springsteen referred to Dylan as "The Father of My Country." Many artists were known as "New Dylans." Dylan's use of internal rhyme is echoed in rap music. The Nobel Prize is given for a body of work. The Nobel Prize includes an award of 8 million kronor

Springsteen referred to Dylan as "The Father of My Country." Many artists were known as "New Dylans." Dylan's use of internal rhyme is echoed in rap music.

What claim do the authors make in this passage? Cruel working conditions on sugar plantations caused many people to violently revolt and rebel. Sugar has been a source of cruelty, from the time of plantations to modern farms. Sugar plantations were violent systems, but sugar also led some people to reject slavery. Sugar workers should reject the idea that anyone owns them and should combat cruelty.

Sugar plantations were violent systems, but sugar also led some people to reject slavery.

What is the denotation of the word gulping? What is the connotation of the word gulping?

Swallowing Consuming greedily

How does the evidence most support the central idea that Gandhi recognized indentured servants' brutal treatment? The evidence explains that Gandhi would lose caste if he traveled across the black water. The evidence indicates that Gandhi wanted to live where he could interact with sugar workers. The evidence shows that Gandhi felt sorry for a man who approached him weeping. The evidence details how Gandhi saw a man who had been beaten and knew that the man could not leave.

The evidence details how Gandhi saw a man who had been beaten and knew that the man could not leave

Read the passage and review the image from Sugar Changed the World. Caption: Enslaved people working in a sugar plantation (illustration by William Clark) My great-grandparents had come from India to Guyana—then British Guiana—in the late nineteenth century to work on the sugar plantations. Sugar was the backbone of the British Empire at that time. The demand was huge, for sugar had gone from being a luxury that only kings could afford to a necessity. Even the poorest of London shopgirls took sugar in their tea. Slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1833, thirty years before the Emancipation Proclamation in the United States. But even after they freed their slaves, the sugar plantation owners were desperate to find cheap labor to cut cane and process sugar. So the British owners looked to another part of the empire—India—and recruited thousands of men and women, who were given five-year contracts and a passage back. How does the image best support the text? The image shows what a sugar plantation looked like and what brutal work enslaved people endured.

The image shows what a sugar plantation looked like and what brutal work enslaved people endured.

How do the historical details in this passage support the authors' claim? The text describes a revolt in detail to show that enslaved people took action against their treatment on sugar plantations. The text illustrates the difficult conditions that L'Ouverture and other workers faced while enslaved in Saint Domingue. The text uses primary sources to emphasize how absentee plantation owners had little control over their plantations. The text shows that the Haitian slave revolt gave slaveholders cause to increase the number of enslaved laborers on plantations.

The text describes a revolt in detail to show that enslaved people took action against their treatment on sugar plantations.

How do the historical details in this passage support the authors' claim? The text includes parts of primary-source interviews with enslaved people to illustrate the difficulty of life on a sugar plantation in Louisiana. The text includes a secondary source to explain why the enslaved people on sugar plantations worked seven days each week. The text includes primary-source quotations to show that religious beliefs eased the lives of enslaved people on sugar plantations. The text uses secondary sources to describe working conditions in the sugar fields on the plantations across the American South.

The text includes parts of primary-source interviews with enslaved people to illustrate the difficulty of life on a sugar plantation in Louisiana.

How do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim? They use secondary sources to show how French and English monarchs were indifferent to enslaved people. They use secondary sources to show that enslaved people often fought for their freedom after arriving in the Caribbean. They use facts from primary sources to show how countries increased the number of enslaved people to produce more sugar. They use primary source interviews to show that countries could make more money in trading sugar without using enslaved people.

They use facts from primary sources to show how countries increased the number of enslaved people to produce more sugar.

How do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim in this passage? They use primary-source quotations to show that enslaved people in Saint Domingue were willing to destroy property to gain their freedom. They use secondary-source quotations to show the plan that the commanders devised in Alligator Woods in August of 1791. They use primary-source information to describe the role of commanders on sugar plantations in Saint Domingue. They use secondary-source information to describe Toussaint's plan to enslave all the people working on the sugar plantations.

They use primary-source quotations to show that enslaved people in Saint Domingue were willing to destroy property to gain their freedom.

Read this passage from Giovanna's evaluation of an argument claiming that climate change is not affected by human activity. Niemand's article on climate change in the editorial section of today's newspaper offers a weak argument. His reasoning consists of little more than unsubstantiated assertions that climate change is not affected by human activity. In an effective evaluation, which element would follow this statement? a summary of Niemand's claim text evidence from Niemand's argument a restatement of Giovanna's evaluation the name and source of Niemand's article

text evidence from Niemand's argument

Which goal does this passage address? the goal of explaining why the majority of Indians stayed in the colonies the goal of showing why Indians were rejected by their home villages the goal of showing the prejudice Indians faced in the Caribbean the goal of explaining the terms of the Indians' indenture contracts

the goal of explaining why the majority of Indians stayed in the colonies

What is the central idea of a text? the feeling or emotion that a text provokes in the reader a conclusion based on evidence and background knowledge a series of ideas that support a main point the main point the author is trying to make

the main point the author is trying to make

What is the primary purpose of this passage? to create sympathy for enslaved workers to demonstrate a typical day of labor on a plantation to compare the living conditions of plantation owners and enslaved workers to show ways housing on plantations could have been improved

to create sympathy for enslaved workers

Which is the authors' purpose for writing this passage? to persuade readers that honey can be made in all neighborhoods to inform readers about the cultural and historical significance of honey to inform readers that honey is made primarily from orange blossoms to entertain readers about how the worker bee produces honey

to inform readers about the cultural and historical significance of honey

Identifying the Purpose of the Prologue What is one purpose of the prologue in Sugar Changed the World?

to inform readers of the authors' family histories and how their connection to sugar spurred their interest and research

What is the authors' primary purpose in this passage? to convince readers that Gandhi was a visionary leader to inform readers of the difficulty of life as an indentured servant to persuade readers that modern forms of indentured servitude exist to entertain readers by drawing parallels between past and present issues

to persuade readers that modern forms of indentured servitude exist

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. B.C.8000-7000First planting of wild sugar cane, on the island of New Guinea6000Sugar cane reaches the Philippines1500-900Sugar cane used in Hindu ceremonies described in oral traditions that date from around this time515According to the Greek author Herodotus, the Persians had found what may be sugar cane in what is now India and Pakistan327Nearchus, friend of Alexander the Great, again mentions the reed that makes honey without bees, in India286First mention of sugar cane in China What is the purpose of this section of text?

to provide the history of sugar cane use

Which line from the passage best provides evidence that the sugar trade led to the end of slavery? "In France, one side argued that slaves must be freed." "To change anything in the sugar islands would invite slave revolts, help France's rivals, and thus hurt the nation." "No one was sure where these great clashes would lead." "In revolutionary France, the defenders of slaves began to win the argument against the advocates of property rights."

"In revolutionary France, the defenders of slaves began to win the argument against the advocates of property rights."

How do the details in this passage support the author's purpose?

The details about families leaving for a better life inform readers about the status of the author's family.

How do the authors support their claim and purpose with their choice of words? by using words with neutral connotations, such as completely and remarked by describing the mills with positive words, such as the word freshly by repeating the word work to emphasize and praise the mills' productivity by using words with negative connotations, such as hacked and merciless

by using words with negative connotations, such as hacked and merciless

What evidence do the authors include to support the central idea that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people became rivals? anecdotal evidence that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people were paid wages on different scales empirical evidence that planters ignored the fact that formerly enslaved people wanted to work their own land empirical evidence that planters tried to pit formerly enslaved people against Indian workers to the planters' advantage logical evidence that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people did not get along with one another because wages went down

logical evidence that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people did not get along with one another because wages went down

Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that sugar became an essential source of energy to English workers in the 1800s? "Traditionally, English workers had brewed their own beer, which they drank along with bread, their other major source of food." "England was the first country in the world to shift from making most of its money in traditional places, such as farms, mines, or small shops, to factories." "Starting around 1800, sugar became the staple food that allowed the English factories—the most advanced economies in the world—to run." "Sugar supplied the energy, the hint of nutrition, the sweet taste to go with the warmth of tea that even the poorest factory worker could look forward to."

"Starting around 1800, sugar became the staple food that allowed the English factories—the most advanced economies in the world—to run."

Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim? "The English were getting richer because Africans were being turned into property." ". . . while that link gave the English a stake in slavery, it also gave the antislavery forces an opportunity." "They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day." ". . . Clarkson and others organized what we would call a boycott of 'the blood-sweetened beverage.'"

"They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day."

Which excerpt from the passage provides evidence of a problem-and-solution structure? "A rock drawing in Spain . . . shows a man . . . holding a hive." "A lucky wanderer . . . could stumble on a hive." "People in the Americas had no bees." "You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home."

"You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home."

The Italian merchants sometimes sailed across the Mediterranean Sea to Syria, where they could buy black pepper that had been grown on the southwest coast of India. The tiny dried black peppercorns were the perfect item to trade, because the small ships of the time could carry enough to make a nice profit. From India the pepper was shipped across to Arabia, where camel caravans would carry it all the way to Syria. The Italians could purchase enough pepper in Syria to carry with them to the next Champagne fair. Every count whose cook added the bite of costly black pepper to his food knew he was getting a taste of far distant lands. As late as 1300, Jean de Joieville, a French writer who had actually lived in the Muslim world, still believed that these spices came from the outer edges of the Garden of Eden, located somewhere along the river Nile. There, people "cast their nets outspread into the river, at night; and when morning comes, they find in their nets such goods as . . . ginger, rhubarb, wood of aloes, and cinnamon." -Sugar Changed the World,Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos Which details from the text support the central idea of this passage? Check all that apply. "sailed across the Mediterranean Sea to Syria" "grown on the southwest coast of India" "tiny dried black peppercorns were the perfect item to trade" "From India the pepper was shipped across to Arabia" "Jean de Joieville, a French writer . . . actually lived in the Muslim world"

"sailed across the Mediterranean Sea to Syria" "grown on the southwest coast of India" "From India the pepper was shipped across to Arabia"

Constructing Compound Sentences to Add Meaning Each pair of sentences can be combined to create one compound sentence. Determine which choice best combines them. Refinishing furniture is a creative hobby. Not everyone loves to scour garage sales to find old items. , or ✔ , but semicolon Going to flea markets can help you to notice unique qualities in used items. Beauty can be found where you least expect it. ✔ , for, nor X , because Specialized equipment can make the refinishing process easier. Painting the furniture can be creative with the right tools. ✔ , and, but, yet Some people like refinishing old furniture. Others prefer buying new items. , or , so ✔ semicolon

, but , for , and semicolon

Which statement best summarizes this passage? Egyptians required access to fire, molds, and milk in order to produce sugar. Egyptians created an innovative process for refining white sugar. The Egyptians' techniques proved that they were the smartest people in the ancient world. The Egyptians' success inspired other cultures to develop similar techniques.

Egyptians created an innovative process for refining white sugar.

Conveying Meaning through Sentence Structure Read the clauses below. Which sentence best combines the clauses to show the relationship between ideas? Not everyone thinks they have rhythm / dancing can be a fun and active hobby. Not everyone thinks they have rhythm, and dancing can be a fun and active hobby. Not everyone thinks they have rhythm because dancing can be a fun and active hobby. Because not everyone thinks they have rhythm, dancing can be a fun and active hobby. Even though not everyone thinks they have rhythm, dancing can be a fun and active hobby.

Even though not everyone thinks they have rhythm, dancing can be a fun and active hobby.

How do the details in this passage support the central idea? The details provide examples of how France gradually became a place for worldwide trade. The details describe the various measures that were taken to keep the merchants safe. The details explain why Europe immediately welcomed foreign traders to its marketplaces. The details describe how a series of wars brought about the downfall of a European fortress.

How do the details in this passage support the central idea? The details provide examples of how France gradually became a place for worldwide trade.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. THE AGE OF HONEY There was a time before sugar, when those white grains that melt on your tongue did not exist anywhere on earth. Historians speak of the Iron Age, the Bronze Age—metals that were used in weapons and tools. But we could just as well speak of the first several thousand years of human history as the Age of Honey.

How does the heading serve the authors' purpose? It lets the reader know that the authors are going to describe how honey relates to the story of sugar.

The Italian merchants sometimes sailed across the Mediterranean Sea to Syria, where they could buy black pepper that had been grown on the southwest coast of India. The tiny dried black peppercorns were the perfect item to trade, because the small ships of the time could carry enough to make a nice profit. From India the pepper was shipped across to Arabia, where camel caravans would carry it all the way to Syria. The Italians could purchase enough pepper in Syria to carry with them to the next Champagne fair. Every count whose cook added the bite of costly black pepper to his food knew he was getting a taste of far distant lands. As late as 1300, Jean de Joieville, a French writer who had actually lived in the Muslim world, still believed that these spices came from the outer edges of the Garden of Eden, located somewhere along the river Nile. There, people "cast their nets outspread into the river, at night; and when morning comes, they find in their nets such goods as . . . ginger, rhubarb, wood of aloes, and cinnamon." -Sugar Changed the World,Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos What is the central idea of the passage? In the Middle Ages, spices that are now ordinary were rare imports from faraway places. The spices at the Champagne fair were from the Middle East, where they were used in cooking. Pepper was highly regarded in Europe, so merchants demanded more and more of it. The Champagne fairs relied on a vast trade network that drove up the prices of new and rare goods.

In the Middle Ages, spices that are now ordinary were rare imports from faraway places.

Using Clauses to Add Variety and Meaning Read the sentence. In what ways does the underlined clause add variety and meaning to the sentence? Check all that apply. The photographs that I stored in the attic are faded and cracked, but I think we can have them restored by a professional. It adds detail about the photographs. It tells the reader which photographs are being discussed. It gets readers excited about photography. It creates a compound-complex sentence. It shows that the photographs can be restored.

It adds detail about the photographs. It tells the reader which photographs are being discussed. It creates a compound-complex sentence.

Age of Science 1747 Andraeas Marggraf discovers that beet sugar is identical to cane sugar 1840s Beets become a major crop in Ukraine 1852 Indians begin to arrive in Natal to work in sugar 1861 Czar Alexander II frees Russia's serfs 1879 Saccharine, a chemical sweetener, invented 1906 Gandhi leads Indians, many of them sugar workers, in Johannesburg in an oath to resist discriminatory laws by peaceful means 1965 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener, invented 1967 High-fructose corn syrup invented 1976 Sucralose (Splenda) invented 21st century Brazil using much of its sugar-cane crop to produce ethanol -Sugar Changed the World, Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos How does the timeline support the text?

It documents key events in the sugar and sweetener industries.

How does this image support the claim that slavery violates basic human rights and should be abolished? Check all that apply. It shows an enslaved person in chains and minimal clothing. It shows that political involvement could help to abolish slavery. It shows that very few people were interested in abolishing slavery. It shows how enslaved people were used to produce goods cheaply. It shows that enslaved people faced harsh treatment and poor conditions.

It shows that enslaved people faced harsh treatment and poor conditions. It shows an enslaved person in chains and minimal clothing. It shows that political involvement could help to abolish slavery.

How does the use of the word machine support the authors' claim in this passage? Its negative connotation indicates that enslaved people had to work like robots instead of human beings. Its negative denotation indicates that some people preferred handmade sugar over factory-produced sugar. Its positive connotation indicates that plantations ran efficiently and produced huge amounts of sugar. Its positive denotation indicates that it was easier for enslaved people to make sugar with machines.

Its negative connotation indicates that enslaved people had to work like robots instead of human beings.

Which examples are compound sentences? Select three options. Maria and Ara are going on an exchange program to China and Japan next summer to study Asian culture. The French drink strong black coffee mixed with hot milk; the Italians drink small cups of espresso. According to my Spanish teacher, Basques have a unique culture, and their language is unrelated to any other world language. My aunt and uncle love to travel in their camper, and they can stop wherever they want to. In history class, we're studying the causes of the Great Depression, which affected the economy of almost every country in the world.

The French drink strong black coffee mixed with hot milk; the Italians drink small cups of espresso. According to my Spanish teacher, Basques have a unique culture, and their language is unrelated to any other world language. My aunt and uncle love to travel in their camper, and they can stop wherever they want to.

How do the authors use English history to support the claim that many people joined the antislavery movement for moral reasons? The authors explain the details of the bill that would limit British involvement in the trading of enslaved people. The authors use events from English history to describe the economic impact of involuntary servitude. The authors provide a primary-source quotation from a British abolitionist named William Wilberforce. The authors summarize a newspaper article about ships in Bristol carrying enslaved people.

The authors provide a primary-source quotation from a British abolitionist named William Wilberforce.

How do the authors use French history to support the claim that the global hunger for slave-grown sugar led to the end of slavery? The authors use historical documents to show that France chose to free enslaved workers to upset the English. The authors use events from French history to demonstrate how attitudes toward slavery and the sugar trade changed during the 1700s. The authors use secondary sources to emphasize that Parliament was biased toward plantation owners. The authors show that the French followed the example of the English in overthrowing the crown to free enslaved people.

The authors use events from French history to demonstrate how attitudes toward slavery and the sugar trade changed during the 1700s.

How does the evidence support the central idea that Gandhi decided it was time to replace violence with nonviolent protest? The evidence notes that Gandhi encouraged indentured Indians to get rid of their weapons. The evidence reveals Gandhi's belief that workers should peacefully accept how they are treated. The evidence shows how Gandhi experimented with ways to assert one's dignity and be free. The evidence indicates that bosses bullied workers, which Gandhi knew led to violence.

The evidence shows how Gandhi experimented with ways to assert one's dignity and be free.

Analyzing the Effects of Word Choice What are the effects of the words chosen by the authors of Sugar Changed the World? Check all that apply. They underscore the importance of the slave trade in the Americas. They create sympathy for the living conditions of enslaved Africans. They minimize the impact that the sugar trade had on the African people. They compare the lives of enslaved people with the lives of free people. They provide a metaphor for the bitterness and sweetness of the sugar trade.

They create sympathy for the living conditions of enslaved Africans. They compare the lives of enslaved people with the lives of free people. They provide a metaphor for the bitterness and sweetness of the sugar trade.

Identifying Clauses to Add Detail Identify the dependent clause in each sentence. I have many hobbies, but reading is my favorite hobby because it lets me imagine other worlds. I have many hobbies reading is my favorite ✔ because it lets me imagine other worlds Even though some people dislike reading, I think that they can change their opinion, but they need to meet the right book. ✔ Even though some people dislike readingI think that they can change their opinion they need to meet the right book The very first book that I read was a mystery, and I have been intrigued by this genre ever since. X The very first book ✔ that I readI have been intrigued by this genre

because it lets me imagine other worlds Even though some people dislike reading that I read

How do the authors use historical details to support the claim that the sugar trade led to the end of slavery? by demonstrating how taxation drove the abolitionist movement in America by illustrating Americans' belief that all people should be free by emphasizing Parliament's bias toward plantation owners by showing that Americans feared being enslaved by the English king

by demonstrating how taxation drove the abolitionist movement in America

Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim? "Why were the English the first to build factories to mill cloth?" "Because of the wealth they gained, the trade connections they made, and the banking systems they developed in the slave and sugar trade." "Indeed, the cheap cloth from the factories was used to clothe the slaves." "English factories, you might say, were built, run, and paid for by sugar."

"English factories, you might say, were built, run, and paid for by sugar."

Which excerpt from the passage provides evidence of a chronological structure?

"Slavery was abolished . . . thirty years before the Emancipation Proclamation."

Which quotation states the claim of the passage? "In order to create sugar, Europeans and colonists in the Americas destroyed Africans." "Each needed to vote, to speak out, to challenge the rules of crowned kings and royal princes." "Why did people keep speaking of equality while profiting from slaves?" "The global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery."

"The global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery."

Which inference does this passage support? For sacrifices to gods, ancient Hindus chose materials that burned easily. Sugar cane was the most important material that ancient Hindus sacrificed. If fire was important to ancient Hindus, then food must have been important. Hindu people must have valued the five substances they used as sacrifices.

Hindu people must have valued the five substances they used as sacrifices.

How does the map develop the central idea of the passage? It provides a visual representation of lands conquered by Muslims. It shows the regions that benefited from Muslims' knowledge of sugar. It illustrates how the growth and refining of sugar led to Muslim conquests. It demonstrates that Muslims grew sugar outside of the Mediterranean.

It shows the regions that benefited from Muslims' knowledge of sugar.

What is the central idea of the passage?

Jundi Shapur allowed teachers and students from different cultures to share ideas.

An introductory section that sets up a lengthy text is a

prologue

What purposes does the prologue serve? Select three options.

to discuss events leading up to what happens in the text to offer a perspective on events in the text to provide background information

What evidence from the passage supports the inference that sugar was expensive and not available to everyone? "from the great school of Jundi Shapur" "cooks working for the wealthiest people" "treated it as a spice, blending it with other tastes" "They continued to do that for another thousand years"

"cooks working for the wealthiest people"

What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that Europe was dangerous for merchants to travel to before the 1100s? "because of a series of fairs and wars" "guaranteed the safety of any merchant" "the one place where Europeans could buy and sell products" "a first step in connecting them to the riches and tastes beyond"

"guaranteed the safety of any merchant"

Which sentence correctly revises the underlined section in the passage? From cooking to working out, having a pastime can improve your health. From cooking to working out; having a pastime can improve your health. From cooking to working out, and having a pastime can improve your health. From cooking to working out; nonetheless, having a pastime can improve health.

From cooking to working out, having a pastime can improve your health.

Which inference does this passage support? Hindus who lived in ancient times used sugar the same way we use it today. Hindus who lived in ancient times believed that sugar had powerful properties. Most Hindus in ancient times had very few specific uses for sugar cane. Most Hindus in ancient times searched for new ways to use sugar cane.

Hindus who lived in ancient times believed that sugar had powerful properties.

How does the conclusion of the prologue support the authors' purpose? Select two options.

It states why the topic is relevant to readers. It introduces the topic that will be addressed next.

In "Water Flowing from Toilet to Tap May Be Hard to Swallow," what reasons does Schwartz give to support his claim? Select two options. "Water recycling is common for uses like irrigation; purple pipes in many California towns deliver water to golf courses, zoos and farms." "Enticing people to drink recycled water, however, requires getting past what experts call the 'yuck' factor." "In November, the San Diego City Council voted for a $2.9 billion Pure Water program to provide a third of the city's daily needs by 2035." "The processes . . . that clean the water include microfiltration that strains out anything larger than 0.2 microns, removing almost all suspended solids, bacteria and protozoa." "People tend to judge risk emotionally, he said, and a phrase like 'toilet to tap' can undercut earnest explanations."

"Enticing people to drink recycled water, however, requires getting past what experts call the 'yuck' factor." "People tend to judge risk emotionally, he said, and a phrase like 'toilet to tap' can undercut earnest explanations."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. A stream of pale ash-colored syrup gushed out from the mills, bubbling white with foam. The liquid rushed down a wooden gutter directly into the boiling house, a building of massive furnaces and cauldrons, where the syrup was heated and strained and turned into crystals. A giant copper kettle—often about four feet across and three feet deep—waited for the pale river. This was the first in a series of ever-smaller cauldrons, and beneath each gaped what the Brazilians called the "great open mouths"—the huge furnaces that had to be constantly filled with the wood that workers had chopped down and hauled to be ready for this moment. The boiling house was as perilous as the mills, for if a person nodded off for a second, he or she could slip into a bubbling vat. Mammoth fires burned in the "mouths," clouds of steam billowed above the kettles, and the heat was so intense that the boiling houses had to be sprayed with water so they would not go up in flames. Then there was the smell, or rather, the stench of the boiling liquid. As the [sugar cane] juice boiled, a foul scum rose to the top—which a slave had to keep skimming off with a long-handled ladle. Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified, even as it kept boiling, boiling, boiling in the copper vats. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that sugar processing was a long and difficult process? "A stream of pale ash-colored syrup gushed out from the mills." "Then there was the smell, or rather, the stench of the boiling liquid." "As the [sugar cane] juice boiled, a foul scum rose to the top." "Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified."

"Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified."

Which statement summarizes DeLuca's claim? "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." "He was the mysterious bard with a guitar." "He was . . . a master of the unexpected for five decades." "The Swedish Academy . . . cited him for 'having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.'"

"The Swedish Academy . . . cited him for 'having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.'"

Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that a frantic pace made working conditions even worse? "The owners insisted that during the work hours the grinding never stop, no matter what." "The mills were most often tended by women who were doing dangerous work while getting almost no rest." "Guests at sugar plantations often remarked on how many one-armed people they saw." "this indeed is the image of Hell"

"The owners insisted that during the work hours the grinding never stop, no matter what."

What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that making sugar was difficult? Select two options. "growing and grinding took place in the same spot" "the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "Muslims began to put together the rules for this new kind of farming" "experimented with using their slaves to run the plantations" "many of the slaves working sugar plantations in the Mediterranean were Russians" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

"the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

Recognizing Relevant Evidence In his article, John Schwartz presents the reasoning that wastewater recycling has a public perception challenge to overcome. Which piece of evidence sufficiently supports this reason? Purifying wastewater involves a number of steps, including reverse osmosis. Los Angeles County uses recycled wastewater in irrigation and in boilers. Governor Jerry Brown has established water restrictions in California. Activists have coined the slogan "toilet to tap" to discourage the use of wastewater.

Activists have coined the slogan "toilet to tap" to discourage the use of wastewater.

Which option presents a complete and effective evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in his article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"? According to DeLuca, Dylan deserved the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was the first American since 1993 to win it and was one of President Obama's favorite poets. Since he was at the height of his popularity in the 1960s, this award shows that his influence has stood the test of time. DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s. According to Dan Deluca, Bob Dylan was an unlikely choice for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Many experts refuse to believe that song lyrics are poetry, and the odds against Dylan winning the award were high. DeLuca also points out that the award has little monetary value in comparison with Dylan's wealth. Dan DeLuca is a fan of Bob Dylan's lyrics. He seems to know them by heart and quotes from many songs in his article. He also recognizes Dylan's influence on other artists, such as the novelist Salman Rushdie, the singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, and many rap artists, who imitate Dylan's use of internal rhyme.

DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s.

Which claims are supported by relevant evidence? Select two options. Drinking coffee is good for you. Two recent studies have shown that coffee drinkers live longer. Everyone should take vitamins. My mother says that people do not get enough nutrients from what they eat. Vote for McKayla Johnson for president. She's on the volleyball team, and she gets good grades in all of her classes. Students should use e-books. Many suffer from back trouble from carrying so many books in their backpacks. Listening to music damages your hearing. If you talk to someone wearing headphones, they often don't answer.

Drinking coffee is good for you. Two recent studies have shown that coffee drinkers live longer. Students should use e-books. Many suffer from back trouble from carrying so many books in their backpacks.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon. Which revision corrects the sentence? Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon, get under cover. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon. It's about to rain. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon when it's about to rain. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon mean a storm is coming.

Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon mean a storm is coming.

A rock drawing in Spain from about 7000 B.C. shows a man who has climbed a hillside, found a crevice holding a hive, and is reaching in to grab the honey. Indeed, a lucky wanderer in just about any part of Europe, Africa, or Asia that wasn't covered with ice could stumble on a hive and—at the risk of some stings—come away with a treat. (People in the Americas had no bees, so used syrups made from maple trees, agave cactus, or mashed fruits for their sweeteners.) Then someone figured out that you didn't have to be lucky. You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home. You could "keep" bees—you didn't have to find them. -Sugar Changed the World,Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos

How is the text structured in this passage from the prologue? It has a problem-and-solution structure because it shows how ancient people solved the dilemma of finding sweeteners.

Which sentences would be effective thesis statements for a paragraph evaluating an argument? Select two options. Hollembeak's review of the high school's play is fun and entertaining to read. McArdle reviews the latest production of Hamlet, which sets the play's action in the 21st century. In her editorial, Mellie writes convincingly of the need for high school classes to begin later in the morning. Smith's argument in favor of tuition-free college education offers persuasive reasoning and authoritative evidence. After the flooding in her state, the junior senator offered a heartfelt plan for increasing restrictions on carbon emissions.

In her editorial, Mellie writes convincingly of the need for high school classes to begin later in the morning. Smith's argument in favor of tuition-free college education offers persuasive reasoning and authoritative evidence.

What claim do the authors make in this passage? There was no difference between enslaved Africans and Indian indentures. Indians retained some of their individuality by being able to keep their names. Cheap labor was necessary to keep the sugar plantations running smoothly. The tin ticket identification disk was recorded in account books to identify people.

Indians retained some of their individuality by being able to keep their names.

What are the characteristics of an independent clause? Select three options. It contains a subject and a verb. It expresses a complete thought. It begins with a relative pronoun. It can stand alone as a complete sentence. It cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

It contains a subject and a verb. It expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a complete sentence.

How does this passage support the claim that the sugar trade led to the end of slavery in some parts of the world? It emphasizes that Parliament was biased toward plantation owners and wrongfully supported them. It shows that the French followed the example of the English in overthrowing the crown to free enslaved people. It describes how testimony on the brutal practices on sugar plantations convinced Parliament to end the slave trade. It demonstrates that neither Britain nor France wanted to make changes in the practice of slavery until America did.

It describes how testimony on the brutal practices on sugar plantations convinced Parliament to end the slave trade.

Read the sentence. I like reading novels that bring to life events in history. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning? It describes the type of novel the speaker likes. It explains why the speaker likes to read nonfiction. It gives information about the subject of the sentence. It provides information about the verb in the sentence.

It describes the type of novel the speaker likes.

How is the text structured in this passage from the prologue?

It has a chronological structure because it connects major events in the production of sugar in the British Empire.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar is different from honey. It offers a stronger sweet flavor, and like steel or plastic, it had to be invented. In the Age of Sugar, Europeans bought a product made thousands of miles away that was less expensive than the honey from down the road. That was possible only because sugar set people in motion all across the world—millions of them as slaves, in chains; a few in search of their fortunes. A perfect taste made possible by the most brutal labor: That is the dark story of sugar. How does the comparison of sugar to honey reveal the authors' purpose?

It informs readers that there is a connection between slavery and sugar.

Read the sentence. Gregor watched, assessing how Sasha was reacting to his news. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning? It is an adverbial clause explaining Sasha's behavior. It is a noun clause indicating what Gregor was doing. It is a noun clause specifying what Sasha was responding to. It is a relative clause describing the information Gregor gave Sasha.

It is a noun clause indicating what Gregor was doing.

Read the sentence. Sami especially enjoyed the brownies, which were chewy, chocolatey, and jam-packed with crunchy walnuts. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning? It is a noun clause stating what Sami likes about brownies. It is an adverbial clause telling why Sami liked the brownies. It is a relative clause describing the qualities of the brownies. It is an independent clause explaining how brownies are made.

It is a relative clause describing the qualities of the brownies.

What is the best evaluation of Parvati's evidence? It is irrelevant and insufficient, because she discusses using computers rather than phones. It is irrelevant and insufficient, because her evidence relies solely on her own experience. It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork. It is relevant and insufficient, because she provides general reasons without specific examples.

It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork.

Which statement is a correct evaluation of the evidence in the passage? It is sound because it cites an expert's opinion. It is not valid because it uses irrelevant information. It is logical because it includes statistics and other scientific data. It is illogical because it does not connect the reader back to the claim.

It is sound because it cites an expert's opinion.

But the Crusades were more than battles; they were also an information exchange. As a result of their contact with Muslims, the Europeans began to break out of their sealed-off world. They learned mathematics and, according to some scholars, how to build windmills. Windmills were a great power source that allowed Europeans to drain swamps and make use of lands that had previously gone to waste. With more land, they could grow more food. This knowledge that Muslims had helped Europe to get on its feet. And wars against the Muslims brought Europeans to sugar. -Sugar Changed the World,Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos How does the underlined sentence develop the central idea that the Crusades had both negative and positive results?

It shows that a Muslim invention benefited European society.

Have you ever thought about traveling to another country? Pick a place that interests you, and where your native language is not spoken. Once you have picked a place, you can research language-learning options. You can use online programs or find a class. You could learn and practice with a friend, and then take a dream vacation. Learning a language can be difficult. It is one of the the most useful hobbies. I've tried it. What compound-complex sentence can be formed from the underlined section of the passage? Learning a language can be a difficult and useful hobby; I've tried it. Learning a language can be difficult; it is one of the most useful hobbies I've tried. Learning a language can be difficult, it is one of the most useful hobbies I've tried. Learning a language can be difficult, yet it is one of the most useful hobbies that I've tried.

Learning a language can be difficult, yet it is one of the most useful hobbies that I've tried.

Which reason in this passage shows that it is possible to convince people to use recycled water? Most experts reject the "yuck" factor.X Environmentalists support recycling water.✔ Orange County has a successful water program. What is the best evaluation of the reasoning in this passage? It is misleading and illogical.✔ It is relevant and logical.It is unclear but logical. It is relevant and logical.It is unclear but logical.

Orange County has a successful water program. It is relevant and logical.It is unclear but logical.

Which statement is the most effective claim? Organic foods are a healthier option than conventional foods. It is easier to find organic foods than to find conventional foods. Restaurants are beginning to serve more organic foods. Some think that organic foods are tastier than conventional foods.

Organic foods are a healthier option than conventional foods.

Analyzing a Concluding Statement Which sentence would make an effective concluding statement for an evaluation of John Schwartz's article? John Schwartz does a great job of explaining the process of recycling wastewater. One convincing reason to recycle wastewater is that it is readily available and easy to clean. The author states that a crisis such as drought may convince the public to overcome its distrust and use recycled water. Overall, Schwartz's claim that recycled water faces a public image challenge is well argued and supported with strong evidence.

Overall, Schwartz's claim that recycled water faces a public image challenge is well argued and supported with strong evidence.

Which statement best shows how evidence related to historical events can support a claim? Secondary sources can include song lyrics written by people to communicate their experiences. Artifacts can summarize a large amount of information about a past time period. Primary sources can include the exact words that witnesses used to testify at a trial. Statistics can allow readers to focus on emotions rather than details about a past occurrence.

Primary sources can include the exact words that witnesses used to testify at a trial.

Which revision best corrects the underlined sentence? Scientists have studied the benefits of hobbies. Having a pastime reduces stress. Scientists have studied the benefits of hobbies, having a pastime reduces stress. Scientists have studied the benefits of hobbies, but having a pastime reduces stress. Scientists have studied the benefits of hobbies; however, having a pastime reduces stress

Scientists have studied the benefits of hobbies. Having a pastime reduces stress.

The central idea in this passage is that spices were popular because they were flavorful, not because they helped people eat spoiled food. Which ideas are key details supporting this? Check all that apply.

Spices could not disguise bad meat. Fresh meat and fish were easy to find. Only the very rich could afford luxuries.

Identifying the Authors' Claim What is the most important claim that the authors make in "Part Four: Back to Our Stories: New Workers, New Sugar" in Sugar Changed the World? Mahatma Gandhi was an inspiring leader in the cause for human rights. Sugar production and trade had a global impact on slavery and rebellion. Technology removed the need for large numbers of laborers to process sugar. Beet sugar and artificial sweeteners led to the downfall of the sugar industry.

Sugar production and trade had a global impact on slavery and rebellion.

What is the authors' claim in this passage? The Indians' demonstration and act of resistance was a successful strategy to change laws. South African leaders repealed the Black Act because they agreed with the Indians. The Indians tossed their certificates into a cauldron to hide their legal status as property. Satyagraha had more powerful political influence over laws than the government did.

The Indians' demonstration and act of resistance was a successful strategy to change laws.

Which statement best describes the authors' purpose in this passage? The authors want to inform readers about Gandhi's experiences in South Africa. The authors want to persuade readers that Gandhi had a strong influence on the Indian workers. The authors want to inform readers about Gandhi's practice of Satyagraha. The authors want to persuade readers that Satyagraha is an effective way to solve problems.

The authors want to persuade readers that Gandhi had a strong influence on the Indian workers.

Which statement best explains how the evidence supports the central idea that working conditions were similar to slavery? The evidence explains that Indian laborers worked in both fields and factories. The evidence indicates that Indian laborers had contracts and were paid for their work. The evidence shows that Indian laborers found the work very challenging and often quit. The evidence details hard work and the Indian laborers' lack of control over their lives.

The evidence details hard work and the Indian laborers' lack of control over their lives.

What is the central claim of this passage? People rejected sugar because it caused harm to the people who harvested it. The joys of sugar were the result of the suffering of enslaved African people. Humans crave sugar over any other taste from the time they are born. People in the 1700s wanted sugar, no matter how rare and expensive it was.

The joys of sugar were the result of the suffering of enslaved African people.

What claim do the authors make in this passage? Madame Villeneuve deserves credit for persuading the judges that enslaved people should not be property. The judges' freeing of Pauline would have a significant effect on how people viewed involuntary servitude. Because so many other people remained enslaved, Pauline's specific case was not very important. The disagreement between King Louis XIV and the judges would have major effects on laws.

The judges' freeing of Pauline would have a significant effect on how people viewed involuntary servitude.

How does the map develop the central idea that scholars at Jundi Shapur spread the knowledge of sugar?

The map illustrates the spread of knowledge about refined sugar processing to Egypt.

Which sentence best states the authors' claim? Spices could not mask the smell and taste of rotten meat. Only the very wealthy were able to buy most available spices. Some spices were important enough that everyone used them. The popularity of spices was not related to masking spoiled food.

The popularity of spices was not related to masking spoiled food.

How does the authors' word choice contribute to the claim in this passage? The denotations of words help explain how plantations ran smoothly. The repetition of several key words creates a positive view of slaveholders. The connotations of several words create a neutral view of working conditions. The repetition and connotations of words emphasizes that slaveholders were merciless.

The repetition and connotations of words emphasizes that slaveholders were merciless.

How do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim in this passage? They argue that youth and gender are advantages when inventing entirely new forms of music. They argue that plantation owners acted against their own economic interests when they selected enslaved young men. They argue that different forms of music, such as jazz and bomba, came out of different types of hardship. They argue that extremely difficult conditions inspired enslaved young men to invent new forms of music.

They argue that extremely difficult conditions inspired enslaved young men to invent new forms of music.

Which piece of evidence best supports the author's claim? Some politicians support the idea of using wastewater. Paul Rozin studies revulsion at the University of Pennsylvania. Thirteen percent of people in a study said they would never try recycled water. Judgment and Decision Making has posted a recent study related to recycled water.

Thirteen percent of people in a study said they would never try recycled water.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The traders who came up from Italy offered items they had bought [from] Muslims, which were not available in Europe: fruits such as oranges, apricots, and figs; dyes such as cochineal, which produces a rich red; rare fabrics such as cotton and raw silk. Many of the fabrics that we know of today came to Europe via the Muslims, and their names still show their origins: damask from Damascus, muslin from Mosul, gauzes from Gaza. Which inference does this passage best support? Traders brought not only sugar but also other valuable items to Europe. The most popular items for traders to buy were various fruits and fabrics. Most types of cloth are named after where they are from instead of what they look like. After seeing cloth from other lands, Europeans worked to produce similar fabrics.

Traders brought not only sugar but also other valuable items to Europe.

Which question does this passage answer most effectively? Who was Hugh Tinker, and what did he study? What did the Indians' contracts specify? What was life actually like for indentured Indians? What kind of work did the Indians do on plantations?

What was life actually like for indentured Indians?

Read the sentence. When I go rock climbing, I prefer climbing in landscapes that present a challenge. What type of sentence is this? a simple sentence a complex sentence a compound sentence a compound-complex sentence

a complex sentence

Read the sentence. Because of the high winds, the fire may spread rapidly, and we have been ordered to evacuate. What type of sentence is this? a simple sentence a complex sentence a compound sentence a compound-complex sentence

a compound sentence

Read the sentence. The tracking party followed their prey to the river, but there they lost the trail, even though they had several bloodhounds with them. What type of sentence is this? a simple sentence a complex sentence a compound sentence a compound-complex sentence

a compound-complex sentence

Which pieces of evidence are most likely empirical? Select two options. quotations from planters describing formerly enslaved people and Indian workers stories about rivalries between formerly enslaved people and Indian workers a historical study showing that Indian workers were paid low wages recorded conversations with families whose ancestors experienced rivalries research showing that planters encouraged rivalry between workers

a historical study showing that Indian workers were paid low wages research showing that planters encouraged rivalry between workers

Which text features would be most helpful to support the central idea of the passage? Select two options. a timeline showing how people have used sugar in the past and up until the present a diagram of one of the eight hundred ships that Alexander the Great had built a map of Alexander the Great's route and the site of the sugar cane discovery a diagram of sugar cane, showing details of its outside and inside a timeline showing when Darius I and Alexander the Great learned of sugar cane

a map of Alexander the Great's route and the site of the sugar cane discovery a timeline showing when Darius I and Alexander the Great learned of sugar cane

Which details do the authors include to support the claim in this passage? Select three options. an explanation of the results of the Seven Years' War an explanation of how the Molasses Act benefited colonists an explanation of what was being taxed and how much it cost an explanation of why the Americans smuggled molasses an explanation of why the British imposed the Sugar Act

an explanation of what was being taxed and how much it cost an explanation of why the Americans smuggled molasses an explanation of why the British imposed the Sugar Act

Which type of evidence would most likely include a testimonial? empirical logical ethical anecdotal

anecdotal

The evidence of enslaved people's revolt and fight for freedom is anecdotal, because it tells a narrative about enslaved people taking action for basic human rights. logical, because it tells why enslaved people were justified in using violence to gain freedom. empirical, because it provides research to show that enslaved people's actions were effective. logical, because it provides facts to support the conclusion that violence was the best option.

anecdotal, because it tells a narrative about enslaved people taking action for basic human rights.

Analyzing How Evidence Supports a Claim How do the authors support the overall claim that sugar production and trade had an impact on world history? Check all that apply. by documenting how sugar is used very little in modern diets by explaining how sugar damages health and the environment by comparing the use of indentured servitude to the practice of slavery by painting a positive portrait of sugar plantations in North America by illustrating how science advanced the production of sweet substances by discussing the teachings of John Smith and his impact on British society by demonstrating how the treatment of Indian workers led to Gandhi's Satyagraha

by comparing the use of indentured servitude to the practice of slavery by illustrating how science advanced the production of sweet substances by discussing the teachings of John Smith and his impact on British society by demonstrating how the treatment of Indian workers led to Gandhi's Satyagraha

How do the authors create a tone that develops their claim and purpose? by using words with negative connotations, such as brutal by describing the land with positive connotations, such as fertile by describing the land with negative connotations, such as rocky by using words with neutral connotations, such as plant

by using words with negative connotations, such as brutal

To create variety, each sentence in this paragraph about sports uses a different sentence structure. Use the drop-down menu after each sentence to identify the sentence structure. There are a variety of sports that can be done with a partner. ✔ complex sentence compound sentence compound-complex sentence Biking, running, weight lifting, yoga, and hiking are great examples, and you can pick an activity that is fun and challenging for both of you. complex sentence compound sentence ✔ compound-complex sentence Sports can give you the chance to improve your health; you can also deepen your friendship. complex sentence ✔ compound sentence compound-complex sentence

complex sentence compound-complex sentence compound sentence

Read the example. A phone rang in the concert hall the orchestra stopped playing. What common sentence-construction error does this show? comma splice run-on sentence sentence fragment missing punctuation

run-on sentence

Read the example. If you want to know how Dickens's last novel would end. What common error in sentence construction is evident in this example? comma splice run-on sentence sentence fragment missing conjunction

sentence fragment

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. MARC It was a typically hot, dry day in Jerusalem. Marina and I were sitting on a sun-warmed stone patio when I learned my family's sugar story. A cousin of mine was filling in a bit of our history that had always puzzled me. My father's family came from Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire, where his father, Solomon, the grand rabbi of Kiev, was the latest in a long line of rabbis that stretched back to the 1300s. Solomon was a forward-thinking rabbi who helped make bridges between the Jewish community and the Christians. He knew that change was coming, and he committed himself to building what was to become the land of Israel. My grandfather moved his family to Tel Aviv, where he became one of the leaders of the Jewish community. What is the purpose of the heading in this passage?

to distinguish who is telling the story

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The diamond and the house: two family treasures, two parts of the story of sugar. We realized that our two family stories—Marina's great-grandparents, brought to Guyana to replace slaves, and Marc's aunt's grandfather, helping to refine an alternative to that same sugar—were just the beginning of a much larger story about a remarkable substance. It is a story of the movement of millions of people, of fortunes made and lost, of brutality and delight—all because of tiny crystals stirred into our coffee, twirled on top of a cake. Sugar, we began to see, changed the world. What is the purpose of this passage? to explain who Marina and Marc are to link the authors' families to sugar to explore the history of Guyana to show what sugar is used for

to link the authors' families to sugar

What is the function of a claim in an argument? to introduce the topic to state the writer's opinion to state a reason for the writer's belief to give evidence supporting the writer's belief

to state the writer's opinion

Which sentence best states the central idea of the passage? Which quotation from the passage is a detail that best supports the central idea?

✔ A new society was emerging But now there were more and more 'free' workers

Which sentence best states the central idea of the passage? What type of evidence does the passage provide to support the central idea?

✔ Recruiters used deceptive practices. ✔ anecdotal