Survey of Music Literature

Select the music history style period that best fits these terms, titles and names: sonata form, string quartet, symphony, fortepiano

Classic

Wrote Italian operas when living in London, which were a favored entertainment for the English aristocracy of the time.

Handel

Wrote The Water Music.

Handel

Spent much of his career in London.

Handel or Vivaldi (Not Bach)

Choose the group of terms and names that fit what we've learned the Baroque Era.

Handel, Bach, concerto grosso, fugue, oratorio, opera

Which instrument famously occupies two distinct roles—accompaniment and solo—in the fifth Brandenburg Concerto?

Harpsichord

String Quartet in G Major Op. 76 No. 3 "Emperor"

Haydn

Symphony No. 94 in G Major (Surprise)

Haydn

Worked for a patron for most of his long career, the Prince of Esterhazy

Haydn

Which statement about Henry Purcell is NOT true?

He composed anthems for the Lutheran church

Which statement about Handel's time in Italy is true?

He composed over 100 cantatas while in Italy.

Which statement about J.S. Bach's life and work in Leipzig is NOT true?

He derived great joy from teaching Latin at the Thomas School

How was Bach an international composer?

He drew inspiration from the music of Corelli and Vivaldi.

Which of the following was one of J.S. Bach's tasks in Weimar?

He maintained and repaired organs

Why was St. Mark venerated in Venice?

He served as a missionary to the Adriatic region of Italy, where Venice is located

Considered to be the dominant composer of Baroque music, and among the greatest composers of all time.

J. S. Bach

the third section of sonata form which brings back the materials from the first section

Recapitulation

In whose memory did Beethoven write a funeral cantata at the age of 20?

Joseph II

Which of Handel's oratorios celebrates the event memorialized in the Jewish observance of Hanukah?

Judas Maccabaeus

Which is the best definition for "cantata?"

Large-scale composition for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra

French became the preferred language in compositions for motets, which likewise became increasingly secular in tone. a. True b. False

a.

Which of the following is the term for a Renaissance bowed string instrument played upright? a. Harpsichord b. Lute c. Viol d. Recorder

c.

A type of Baroque instrumental composition that features a group of soloists set off from the full orchestra that accompanies them.

concerto grosso

A term in the arts used to describe the idea of a revival of Classical Antiquity

neoclassicism

A selection of dances, typical of the Baroque era.

suite

Choral music without instrumental accompaniment.

acapella

English Renaissance composer who was a professed Catholic working in the Anglican church.

Byrd

Which composer wrote The Water Music

Handel

A monophonic melody

(not counterpoint)

Match the symbol to the proper duration (expressed in eighth notes). 2 eighthnotes 4 eighthnotes 8 eighthnotes 1 eighthnote 1. four eighth notes 2. one eighth note 3. two eighth notes 4. eight eighth notes

3 1 4 2

Place the types of musical texture in order from least to most complex. - Imitative counterpart involving all four voices - Pairings of voices - Block parts—all four voices aligned vertically in homophony

3 2 1

"See the Conquering Hero Comes" from Judas Maccabaeus is frequently interpreted as a reference to the military defeat of what historical figure?

A grandson of James II

Worked as music director in Venice at a girls' orphanage.

Antonio Vivaldi

Based on the Baroque model, how did Mozart envision the interaction between orchestra and soloist in a concerto?

As a contest

A complete series of ____ musical pitches is known as a(n) ____. a. Consanant/ Cadence b. eight/ Octave c. disjunct/ meloldy d. fundamental/noise

B.

Which term is properly matched to its definition? A. Conjunct: intervals that are pleasing to the ear B. Disjunct: type of melodic motion by "jump" rather than "step" C. Dissonance: chords and intervals that signal the beginning of a phrase D. Consonance: the unique, principle sound involved in any musical tone

B.

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5

Bach

Came from a long family line of musicians.

Bach

Composed the Brandenburg Concertos.

Bach

Famous for The Art of Fugue.

Bach

Lived and worked in Leipzig, where he composed for the church and civic occasions, plus taught at the church school.

Bach

Which statement about Bach's family life is NOT true?

Bach was born in Belgium, but grew up in Leipzig

Match these composers to their era: J S Bach, G F Handel

Baroque

Match these composers to their era: Palestrina, Gesualdo, Josquin DesPrez

Baroque

Monteverdi, Lully, Corelli, monody, trio sonata

Baroque

Select the music history style period that best fits these terms, titles and names: Opera began in Italy and spread to other regions

Baroque

basso continuo, harpsichord, Vivaldi

Baroque

cantata, oratorio, concerto grosso, fugue

Baroque

What is the principle difference between Baroque and Classical melodies?

Baroque composers crafted melodies that ran on with little or no pause, while Classical composers favored melodies in short, balanced phrases

Listen to the excerpt from Bach's "Little Fugue" in G minor and determine which part is stating the subject at the beginning of the excerpt.

Bass

Crucial link between eighteenth century Classicism and 19th century Romanticism. Began by thoroughly understanding and mastering the existing Classic era idioms, yet soon transcended them.

Beethoven

His career is broken up into three stylistic periods: Early, Middle, Late

Beethoven

Imprisoned by total deafness, in his late period he created increasingly abstract, experimental music

Beethoven

Symphony No. 5 in C minor

Beethoven

Which composer discussed in this chapter tested the limits of the Classical style?

Beethoven

Wrote most of his "heroic" music in his middle period

Beethoven

Listen to the following excerpt from "Spring"—what natural sound or image is Vivaldi evoking with the solo violins?

Bird calls

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between Monteverdi's "Possente spirto" and Purcell's "When I am laid in earth"?

Both are about the portrayal of one unified emotion: grief

How was the Classical era similar to the Renaissance?

Both eras saw revived interest in ancient Roman and Greek culture in art, architecture, and philosophy

Which of the following statements is NOT true of both Bach and Handel?

Both were renowned for composing opera

Which of the following is NOT one of Beethoven's major symphonic innovations?

Building up the orchestra by adding percussion and electrical instruments

How did Haydn petition his employer to grant his orchestral musicians leave to visit their families?

By composing a symphonic movement that ends with each musician symbolically dropping out

Listen to the selection from Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 5. Which two common compositional techniques from the Baroque era are used in this selection?

Cadenza, ritornello

Match the national style of secular song to its nation of origin. Chansons Lieder Frottolas Consorts Villancicos 1. Germany 2. Spain 3. France 4. England 5. Italian

Chansons-3 Lieder-1 Frottolas-5 Consorts-4 Villancicos-2

At the dramatic climax of Orfeo, which mythological character does Orpheus lull to sleep?

Charon, the ferryman for the river Styx

A style that favored melodies that divided into balanced phrases.

Classic

Select the music history style period that best fits these terms, titles and names: Among the new genres of this era was the string quartet

Classic

Listen to the following excerpt from "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion" from Handel's Messiah. To which section of the piece does this likely belong, and why?

Closing A section, as the melody is ornamented by the singer and the rhythm slows to indicate the piece's end

The closing section of a movement.

Coda

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of the Lutheran cantata?

Concerti

Match the instrument to its "family" category. Contrabassoon Timpani Trumpet Cello 1. brass 2. string 3. woodwind 4. percussion

Contrabassoon-3 Timpani-4 Trumpet-1 Cello-2

A fast dance found in Baroque suites, often the last movement.

Corelli

Listen to the selection from "Possente spirto" and identify which of the following Baroque instruments or practices is NOT used.

Cori spezzati

Listen to the selection from "When I am laid in earth" from Purcell's Dido and Aeneas—what instrument do you NOT hear?

Cornet

Where did Bach live while he composed the Brandenburg concertos?

Cöthen

Listen to the selection from the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik. What part of the movement is this?

Development

the technique of reworking previously stated themes, the central section of sonata form

Development

In which of the following films was J.S. Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor NOT featured?

Dracula, 1929

Match the terms to their definitions. -Dynamics -Diminuendo -Pianissimo -Mezzo forte -Crescendo 1. very soft 2. half loud 3. gradually increasing in volume 4. gradually decreasing in volume 5. relative loudness and softness of pitch

Dynamics-5 Diminuendo-4 Pianissimo-1 Mezzo forte-2 Crescendo-3

A secular vocal work popular in the late 16th and early 17th century.

English Madrigal

Choose the group of terms and names that fit what we've learned about Renaissance music.

English Madrigal, Reformation, Counter Reformation, viols, lute, Palestrina, Byrd, Weelkes

The first, main section of sonata form

Exposition

While the harpsichord is a versatile instrument overall, what can it not provide?

Extreme dynamic levels of loud and soft

All six of Bach's famed Brandenburg Concertos feature a string orchestra in four parts—violins, violas, cellos, and double-bass—with a solo ensemble consisting of harpsichord, flute, and violin.

False

An opera, which is a dramatic work set to continuous music and acted out on a stage, always includes a chorus, orchestra, and cast of solo singers.

False

Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata has three movements, marked Very Slow and Sustained, Relatively Fast, and Very Slow.

False

Claudio Monteverdi, who published his first piece at the age of 15, worked for more than 20 years at the ducal court of Venice before taking over the post of music director at the cathedral of St. Mark's.

False

Derived from an Italian word meaning "to sound," the sonata developed during the Baroque era as a genre of music written for solo violin.

False

In the third part of sonata form—the development—the composer offers variations on the themes introduced in the first two parts.

False

Jean-Baptiste Lully, a Portuguese composer living in Paris, established French opera while working under a royal patent granted by Louis XIV.

False

Louis XIV became known as the Sun King after appearing at a dance spectacle dressed as Ra, the Egyptian god of the sun.

False

Lully's operas were carefully calibrated to extol the parliamentary checks and balances that were integral to the French political regime under Louis XIV.

False

Mozart passed away within hours of completing the Requiem Mass in D Minor.

False

Nicknamed "the Red Priest" for his fiery hair, Vivaldi's pupils came from the households of widely known public figures, but they performed half concealed in a gallery behind latticework.

False

Scholars agree that J.S. Bach wrote the famous Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, but debate whether or not he originally wrote it for the harpsichord or for the organ.

False

Since so many important composers of the Classical Era lived there, this period is often known as the age of Venetian Classicism.

False

The defeat of Charles Edward Stuart, often known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, came at the hands of the Duke of Wellington, who was then honored in a chorus composed by Handel for one of his oratorios.

False

The final movement of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony includes an enormous finale inspired by Friedrich von Schiller's ode to universal brotherhood, the "Ode to Joy."

False

The rococo style developed in northern Italy during the late Baroque period, featuring lighter forms of opera that featured dances and scenes from everyday life.

False

Toward the end of the Baroque era, the emphasis on ornate and magnificent splendor began to be seen as overly emotional; music and the other arts began to resist the extravagance of the Baroque in favor of a resurgence of spiritual renewal known as the Protestant Reformation.

False

Listen to the excerpt from the first movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor. What famous phrase has been used to describe this theme?

Fate knocking at the door

Where do movements in sonata form typically occur within larger works?

First and/or last movements

Match the popular style of music with the composer who used it in the context of classical music. -Folk tunes and popular dances -Habanera -Jazz 1. Georges Bizet 2. George Gershwin 3. F.J. Haydn

Folk tunes and popular dances-3 Habanera-1 Jazz- 2

Aeneas, the male lead in Dido and Aeneas, is the mythical personage commonly held responsible for:

Founding the city of Rome

Listen to the excerpt from the second movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor. Which variation of the theme is this, and why?

Fourth variation, because the theme is being traded by the winds and violins

Listen to the selection from Haydn's String Quartet in G major, Op. 76 No. 3 (Emperor), Second Movement. Which variation is this, and why?

Fourth.

Listen to the following excerpt from the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Handel's Messiah. What compositional device does Handel use here, and which other composer is particularly famous for his skill employing this device?

Fugue--Bach

Match the terms to their definitions. Fundamental Partials Tone Frequencies 1. principal sound of a musical tone 2. rates of vibration that are received by the human ear as sound 3. fainter, secondary sounds that are part of a musical tone 4. musical sound

Fundamental-3 Partials-1 Tone-4 Frequencies-2

Which piece studied in this chapter contributed to Handel's decision to turn from Italian opera to English oratorio?

Gay's The Beggar's Opera

Italian Renaissance composer who lived and worked in Rome, associated with the Counter-Reformation.

Giovanni Palestrina

Which composer of Italian opera was particularly influential upon Mozart's approach to that genre?

Gluck

Match the tempo names to their meanings. Grave Presto Andante Allegretto 1. very fast 2. slow 3. moderately fast 4. moderately slow

Grave-2 Presto-1 Andante-4 Allegretto-3

Pick the composer known for his opera, Orfeo

Guillaume de Machaut

Developed and embraced the English oratorio - which eventually appealed to English audiences who were tiring of some aspects of Italian opera.

Handel

Famous for his oratorio, The Messiah.

Handel

Haydn composed The Creation and The Seasons in response to the legacy of which composer?

Handel

Which statement about Vivaldi's life and career is true?

He was known to boast about how quickly he could write a concerto

Composer from the Middle Ages who entered a convent at age 14, was also a poet and studied the natural sciences.

Hildegard von Bingen

Choose the group of terms and names that fit what we've learned about music of the Middle Ages.

Hildegard von Bingen, Machaut, plainchant, Ars nova,

Which is NOT an accurate statement about Corelli's sonatas?

His chamber sonatas are typically in six movements

Which statement about Bach's life and work in Cöthen is true?

His employment there only began after his former employer, the Duke of Weimar, released him from prison, where he placed Bach for requesting to leave

Which of the following is a key distinction between Handel's operas and his oratorios?

His oratorios do not include exit arias

What literary figure described Beethoven's work as "frightening," "mysterious," and "sinister"?

Hoffmann

Listen to the following excerpt from Handel's Water Music, Air in F Major. In the midst of this statement of the primary material, what instrument group does Handel add to the orchestration?

Horns

Which is the best definition of "chorale"?

Hymn tunes commonly used in Lutheran worship

Listen to the following selection from Corelli's Trio Sonata in A minor, Op. III No. 10; which term best describes the relationship between the two violins?

Imitative

Which of the following is the correct definition for "program music"?

Instrumental music meant to tell a story or explore different non-musical ideas, identified or hinted at by the title

Listen to the excerpt from the fourth movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor. How is this different from the original statement of the second theme?

It is now in the tonic key

Why is the Mass in B Minor considered unsuitable for performance during a service?

It is too long

Which statement about The Messiah is true?

It was originally performed as a benefit for charity

Which of the following is the best definition of the word "oratorio"?

Large-scale musical work, usually narrative, that treats a Biblical subject and is traditionally performed without costumes or scenery

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the galant style of music?

Lengthy, drawn out phrases

In what city did Haydn compose the twelve symphonies that are considered the culmination of his symphonic style?

London

Which composer worked in the court of Louis XIV?

Lully

Listen to the following selection from Bach's Cantata No. 140. What earlier composer pioneered this rhythmic technique, and for what purpose?

Lully--to signify the presence of royalty in the audience

A plucked string instrument of Middle Eastern origin that appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages.

Lute

A German form of opera called Singspiel, with a comic plot, tuneful songs and spoken dialog.

Magic Flute

In this opera, the force of evil is represented by the Queen of the Night.

Magic Flute

Its plot focuses on the moral education of the young prince Tamino, who is rescued from a serpent in the opening scene.

Magic Flute

Main characters include Figaro and Susanna

Marriage of Figaro

Which of these operas best fits this statement: Offers a social critique of class relations

Marriage of Figaro

Written in Italian, but based on a French play by Beaumarchais that mocked the aristocracy

Marriage of Figaro

Match the following terms to their definitions: Membranophones Aerophones Chordophones Idiophones 1. instruments with tautly stretched membranes that produce sound when struck 2. instruments with strings 3. instruments made of solid materials that produce sound when struck or shaken 4. instruments that use columns of air to produce sound

Membranophones-1 Aerophones-4 Chordophones-2 Idiophones-3

Hildegard von Bingen, Gregorian chant, Guillaume Machaut

Middle Ages

Listen to the excerpt from the third movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik. What type of stylized dance is represented here?

Minuet

In "Spring" from The Four Seasons, how does Vivaldi depict a thunderstorm?

Rapid pitches and sweeping scales in the orchestra

Match the year to the musical era that contained it. Modern Classical Middle Ages Romantic Renaissance Baroque 1. 1440 2. 1580 3. 1600 4. 1750 5. 1850 6. 1945

Modern-6 Classical-4 Middle Ages-1 Romantic-5 Renaissance-2 Baroque-3

Pick the composer known for his opera, Orfeo

Monteverdi

"The Marriage of Figaro" , K. 492

Mozart

Born to a musical family in Salzburg, Austria

Mozart

Choose the composer that wrote this piece: "The Magic Flute" , K. 620

Mozart

Died in debt at age 35.

Mozart

Joined a Freemason lodge in Vienna, remained an active member until he died.

Mozart

Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488

Mozart

Prolific composer who produced over a thousand compositions over his long career.

Mozart

Toured Europe as a child prodigy, had a sister who was also very gifted.

Mozart

Which term is used to describe music written for specific events?

Occasional music

What is the term for a new type of opera that featured a few characters singing tuneful arias and recitatives, usually within the context of a comedic story?

Opera buffa

Handel was famous for writing in many genres during his lifetime; which one first thrust him into the public eye?

Operas

Which of the following is a key distinction between the operas Orfeo and Coronation of Poppea?

Orfeo was intended for performance at court, while Coronation of Poppea premiered in a public Venetian opera house

Match the genre to it's definition. Pavan Fantasia Galliard 1. slow, ceremonial dance in duple meter 2. sprightly, fast dance in triple meter 3. polyphonic composition built around consecutive points of imitation

Pavan- 1 Fantasia-3 Galliard-2

What is the term for the final part of a piece or movement in sonata form?

Recapitulation

Match the scales to their descriptions. Pentatonic Chromatic Major Whole-tone Minor 1. features only five pitches per octave 2. divides the octave into six equal steps 3. uses all twelve steps within each octave 4. Eight pitches total, distinguished by its lowered third pitch. 5. Eight pitches total, with half steps between the 3rd and 4th pitches and the 7th and 8th pitches.

Pentatonic- 1 Chromatic- 3 Major-4 Whole-tone-2 Minor-5

Piano sonata in C# minor op 27 no. 2 (Moonlight sonata)

Piano Sonata in C# minor, Op. 27 No. 2 "Moonlight"

Match the musical element to its definition. Pitch Texture Timbre Rhythm Dynamics 1. relative height of a musical sound 2. duration of pitches 3. relative thickness or complexity of musical fabric 4. unique quality of sound of specific instruments 5. relative volume intensity of a musical sound

Pitch-1 Texture-3 Timbre-4 Rhythm-2 Dynamics-5

Match the terms to their definitions. -Polyphonic -Monophonic -Renaissance -Modality -Medieval 1. one line of music by itself 2. different musical lines sounding simultaneously 3. system of musical organization used in the Medieval era 4. era of music history that spanned roughly a thousand years 5. era of music history that turned to classical antiquity for inspiration

Polyphonic-2 Monophonic-1 Renaissance-5 Modality-3 Medieval-4

Which did Monteverdi NOT do while working in Venice?

Produce madrigals, but only for voice alone (no instruments)

Which composer wrote Dido and Aeneas?

Purcell

Match the English monarch to their contribution to the nation's conflict between Protestantism and Catholicism. -Queen Elizabeth -Queen Mary -Henry VIII -Edward VI 1. Split from the Catholic Church by declaring himself head of the English Church 2. Oversaw the publication of the first Book of Common Prayer 3. Reverted the nation to Catholicism and burned Protestants at the stake as heretics 4. Reverted to a Protestantism, but used royal power to limit the influence of the most ardent Reformers

Queen Elizabeth-4 Queen Mary-3 Henry VIII-1 Edward VI-2

Match the Gothic architectural innovation to its effect. Ribbed vault Pointed arch Flying buttress 1. Redistributed weight so as seemingly to defy gravity 2. Offered external support that allowed for taller buildings 3. Required less structural support

Ribbed vault-3 Pointed arch-1 Flying buttress-2

What musical feature of the fifth Brandenburg Concerto is also found in the concertos of Vivaldi?

Ritornello

Match the era of music history with the correct stylistic feature. Romantic Classical Modern Baroque 1. new ways of organizing pitch, scale, and harmony that expressed the rapid pace of technological change alongside increasing horror at the cost of war 2. increased emphasis on stretching rules and personal expression, mostly within the boundaries of tonality 3. emphasis on clarity, simplicity, and regular form 4. highly emotional and turbulent, characterized by ornate melodies and complex musical structures

Romantic- 2 Classical-3 Modern-1 Baroque-4

Place the following sections of the Ordinary in the correct order. Sanctus Agnus Dei Gloria Credo Kyrie Eleison

Sanctus-4 Agnus Dei-5 Gloria-2 Credo-3 Kyrie Eleison-1

In what genre did Vivaldi NOT compose?

Secular madrigal

Music intended for an outdoor evening performance is known as what?

Serenade

Match the medieval instrument to its "family" or type. Shawm Recorder Rebec Lute 1. plucked stringed instrument 2. bowed stringed instrument 3. double-reed instrument 4. wind instrument

Shawm-3 Recorder-4 Rebec-2 Lute-1

Listen to the excerpt from the Queen of the Night's aria. What does the music reveal about the Queen's character?

She is practically consumed with her own fury

Listen to the excerpt from the opening duet of The Marriage of Figaro. Why does the music take on a more serious tone when Susanna begins to sing?

She is telling her husband-to-be, Figaro, about the Count's plan to proposition her on the night before her wedding

Listen to the following excerpt from Handel's Water Music; what rhythmic device does Handel use throughout this piece?

Syncopation

Which statement about Mozart's early life is NOT true?

The Archbishop of Salzburg was a significant supporter during Mozart's childhood and always believed in the young genius's talent

Which of Bach's pieces features a contrapuntal treatment of his own name?

The Art of Fugue

Listen to the excerpt from the third movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor. Which instrument has the principal theme in this excerpt?

The French horn

What is the nickname for Mozart's 41st symphony in C major?

The Jupiter

Which of the following works demonstrated Monteverdi's mastery of polychoral composition?

The Vesper settings of 1610

Which piece by J.S. Bach contains a cycle of pieces written in each of the 24 major and minor keys?

The Well-Tempered Clavier

What are the three parts of The Messiah about?

The birth, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus

"Continuo" can refer to which two things?

The ensemble entrusted with the task of accompanying soloists or featured instruments; the practice of providing a bass line with numerical symbols that indicated the chords to be played above the notes

Which statement about the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig is NOT true?

The famous reformer John Calvin preached there in 1539

What instrument began to rival the harpsichord in the 1760s and 1770s?

The fortepiano

Which of the following is the definition for the term "fugal exposition"?

The initial statement of a fugal subject at the beginning of the piece by one part alone

Listen to the selection from the fourth movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G major (Surprise). What features mark this as the coda?

The music returns to tonic, the tempo is rapid, and the dynamics are loud

Which instrument discussed in this chapter has its roots in ancient Greco-Roman hydraulic pumping mechanisms?

The organ

Which statement about The Four Seasons is NOT true?

The piece is one concerto in four movements

Listen to the excerpt from Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C minor, Op. 13 (Pathétique). What part of traditional rondo form is this?

The return of the principle theme, or A

Listen to the excerpt from the first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488. How would you know that this is the second exposition of the principal theme?

The soloist has joined the orchestra

Listen to the selection from Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G major, 2nd movement. What is the difference between this variation of the principle theme and the original iteration?

The theme is played in a minor key at a loud volume level.

What famous 20th-century political event is directly tied to St. Nicholas's Church in Leipzig?

The toppling of the Berlin wall

For which instrument did Vivaldi NOT compose at least one concerto?

The trombone

How did Mozart and Haydn interact musically while living in Vienna?

They played through string quartets together

Why are the Brandenburg Concertos so named?

They were composed at the request of the Margrave of Brandenburg.

Which statement about the Esterházy family is NOT true?

They were fierce political rivals of the Hapsburg family, if never openly rebellious

Why was the Royal Academy of Music founded?

To generate income to support productions of Italian opera

For what genre was Arcangelo Corelli particularly famous?

Trio sonatas

After deciding not to pursue a career in law, Handel moved to Hamburg where he played the violin for the municipal orchestra.

True

By the time Haydn began writing symphonies, there were two basic types: the Italian, in three movements (fast-slow-fast) and the German, in four movements (one of which was usually a minuet and trio).

True

Classical composers often opened their orchestral music with attention-grabbing crescendos.

True

Depressing the keys of a harpsichord activates a mechanism that drives a stiff quill fixed to a strip of wood (known as a "jack") upward so that it plucks the instrument's strings, generating a distinctive sound.

True

During his late twenties, Beethoven began to lose his hearing.

True

During the rousing "Hallelujah Chorus" in Handel's Messiah, King George II reportedly rose to his feet and began clapping in time with the music; the audience was compelled to follow the lead of their monarch, leading to a lasting tradition that endures to this day.

True

Haydn's music was so popular that his compositions were widely performed in Vienna, London, and Paris, and he received commissions from France, Spain, and Italy.

True

In Bach's monumental St. Matthew Passion, the composer set the story of the Passion of Christ, taking special care to use red ink to denote texts taken directly from the Bible and black ink for non-biblical texts.

True

Instead of the involved designs of Baroque music, classical composers like Mozart and Haydn often set their themes against simple chords, creating textures that are easier to follow.

True

J.S. Bach composed nearly 300 cantatas, or five annual cycles, of which about one third are lost.

True

Mozart famously belonged to the Freemasons, a secret male society dedicated to Enlightenment ideals of tolerance, freedom, and humanitarianism.

True

Named after the Latin word for "flight," the fugue is a musical form with roots in Renaissance polyphony that features successive statements of a main theme, or subject, between competing parts or "voices."

True

The English court's favored form of entertainment in the late 17th century was the masque, allegorical spectacles that typically centered on topics such as peace and love in performances that featured poetry and music.

True

The chorale on which Bach's Cantata No. 140 is based fills out a 3-part form (often labeled AAB) in which the final B section includes a repeat of the third phrase of the A section.

True

Vivaldi's use of programmatic music was echoed by composers that followed him—for instance, within seventy years of Vivaldi's death, Ludwig van Beethoven included bird calls and thunder in his Pastoral Symphony.

True

While the repeated A section in a da capo aria slows down the progress of the story, the repeated material allowed singers to showcase their voices through trills, runs, and other ornaments.

True

What is indicated by the common musical notation ||:A B:|| ?

Two contrasting sections are each repeated once in what is known as "binary form"

Boasted that he could compose a concerto faster than a copyist could write out the parts for the musicians to play it.

Vivaldi

Famous for cycle of concertos for the violin, the Four Seasons.

Vivaldi

In Bach's Cantata No. 140, the composer uses a steadily treading bass line to provide a driving energy—what is the name of this technique?

Walking bass

"Form" is the term for an overarching plan that holds a piece of music together. a. True b. False

a.

A sharp (#), is slightly higher than a basic pitch, and a flat (♭), is slightly lower. a. true b. false

a.

Ascending and descending phrases that suggest rising and falling, respectively, are examples of what technique? Question options: a. Madrigalisms b. Morleyan texture c. Motives d. Venosan counterpoint

a.

Classical music can be written for a wide variety of performance forces, including soloists, small groups of soloists, large instrumental ensembles, or combined vocal and instrumental groups. a. True b. False

a.

During the medieval era, most recorded music was created for use in the context of the "liturgy," or pattern of text and music used in the worship services of the Catholic Church. a. True b. False

a.

For what Shakespearean play did Thomas Morley write "It was a lover and his lass?" a. As You Like It b. Faust c. The Merry Wives of Windsor d. Romeo and Juliette

a.

How do we know that the anonymous first composers of Western polyphony were educated church clerics? a. Because the new music required notation b. Because the text for the new music was strictly written in Greek c. Because the music obeyed strict rules in modal usage codified by Pope Francis I d. Because the composers used ancient Hebrew melodies derived from the Psalms of King David as the basis for their music

a.

How does Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever" differ from many other marches? a. Its form emphasizes the final boisterous trio rather than a return of the opening material b. It uses multiple levels of loudness and softness rather than one consistent dynamic level c. It was the first march to feature the use of an electric guitar d. Most marches are in a major key, but this one is in a minor key throughout

a.

In general, classical and popular music are regarded as polar opposites despite the fact that they are closely interrelated and occupy a connected musical continuum. a. True b. False

a.

In standard musical notation, the symbol "two eighth notes" is equal to how many eighth rests? a. Two b. Three c. One d. Four

a.

In what era did composers break from the system of tonality? a. Modern b. Baroque c. Romantic d. Post-modern

a.

Italian architect Brunelleschi was inspired in part by the circular designs of ancient Roman buildings in designing his famous dome for the cathedral in Florence. a. True b. False

a.

Johann Nepomuk Mälzel is credited with inventing which musical device? a. The metronome b. The harmonica c. The pipe organ d. The baton

a.

Josquin developed a new style of polyphony based on motives, or short musical themes, that he exchanged and imitated among the parts. a. True b. False

a.

Léonin's practice of taking existing musical material and layering his own complementary music against it is similar to the common practices of jazz improvisation in the 20th and 21st centuries. a. True b. False

a.

Meter is specified by a time signature, which appears as a ratio of two numbers: for example, 4/4 a. true b. false

a.

Most discussions of musical form assign capital letters (e.g., A and B) to different sections of music. a. True b. False

a.

Musical form can be seen as a compromise between what two necessary factors? a. Unity and variety b. Freedom and discipline c. Passion and logic d. Repetition and redundancy

a.

Notated music intended solely for instruments was not unheard of before the late Renaissance, but it's not until the 16th century that we find substantial quantities of such music. a. True b. False

a.

Renaissance composers for instrumental music often invented a bass pattern which they repeated frequently throughout a composition in order to provide a stable foundation. a. True b. False

a.

Renaissance humanists reaffirmed the ancient Greek idea that music could powerfully shape and influence human behavior. a. True b. False

a.

Secular medieval music was primarily transmitted by oral tradition or improvised as needed, rather than being written down and preserved. a. True b. False

a.

Since authorship was a largely unfamiliar concept, very few names of musicians associated with Gregorian chants have come down to us. a. True b. False

a.

The "courtly love" tradition idealized women as "noble damsels." a. True b. False

a.

The "octave" is divided up into twelve steps, each of which is defined as a ____. a. Semitone b. Demitone c. Whole step d. Conjunct

a.

The Greek system of "modes," on which much medieval music is based, is similar to our modern scales in that both consist of a stepwise pattern of pitches that fill out an octave. a. True b. False

a.

Timbre, or tone color, is the quality of sound that differentiates one instrument from another. a. True b. False

a.

Weelkes was eventually dismissed from his position as organist and choirmaster at Chichester Cathedral due to his chronic drunkenness. a. True b. False

a.

Western composers typically construct melodies around a prominently recurring pitch commonly known as the ____. a. tonic b. dominant c. central d. scale

a.

Where is chamber music ideally performed? a. Small, intimate settings b. Large concert halls c. Churches d. Outdoor public venues

a.

Where was Palestrina born? Question options: a. Rome b. Florence c. Avignon d. Brussels

a.

Which is the best description of the "motet?" a. A type of polyphonic vocal composition that took two-part pieces and added new texts to the upper voices b. A type of homophonic composition that, for the first time, made use of chord-based accompaniment in the organ c. A type of polyphonic vocal composition that reignited interest in sacred music in the 14th century d. A type of polyphonic vocal composition written as a reaction against the rules of Notre Dame organum

a.

Which of the following is a probable reason for the loss of most medieval music? a. Illiteracy was widespread during the medieval era, so most music was not preserved b. The church believed music to be inherently evil and attempted to prohibit its preservation c. Most medieval music manuscripts were destroyed during the wars that ravaged Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries d. There was no system of music notation until the late Renaissance

a.

Which of the following is the term for a musical instrument made from a tortoise shell with strings stretched across it? a. Lyre b. Lute c. Harp d. Timpani

a.

A "chanson" is a love song with French text set for one, two, or three parts. a. True b. False

b.

A few centuries after Hildegard of Bingen composed her visionary chants, a radically different type of music—polyphony—was developing. a. True b. False

b.

A true classical orchestra employs only groups of woodwind, brass, and percussion. a. True b. False

b.

Around the ninth century CE, the five-line staff became the common method of musical notation. a. true b. false

b.

Britten wrote The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra just as World War I was ending. a. True b. False

b.

During the 15th and 16th centuries, composers still drew on courtly love poetry from the Middle Ages for their secular music, but lost all interest in using Gregorian plainchant or church modes. a. True b. False

b.

Frustrated with the abuses prevalent in the Catholic Church, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg church in order to split the Catholic Church. a. True b. False

b.

Guillaume Dufay was likely born near what major city? a. Paris b. Brussels c. Calais d. Milan

b.

Hildegard of Bingen wrote volumes of work regarding personal theology, expressing little interest in social or ecological issues. a. True b. False

b.

Hildegard of Bingen's text in O viridissima virga likens Christ to a fountain of refreshing water in parched lands. a. True b. False

b.

How did Renaissance composers think of their music differently than their medieval counterparts? a. They started with one voice, and then added parts to it in succession b. They thought of the different parts simultaneously as they created their works c. They rediscovered actual manuscripts detailing Greek modes, leading to new conceptions of harmony d. They introduced polyphony to musical composition

b.

In a dotted note, the dot extends the note by adding twice its value. a. True b. False

b.

In all medieval chants, the musicians sing in unison—having a soloist perform alone was prohibited as a dangerous invitation to pride. a. True b. False

b.

In reaction to the strictness of balance and design used by composers of the Classical period, composers during the ensuing Baroque era explored the often turbulent emotional capacities of music. a. True b. False

b.

Palestrina composed a mass that served as a defense of polyphony in church music and named it after which figure in the Church's history? a. Pope Gregory I b. Pope Marcellus c. St. Francis of Assisi d. St. Peter

b.

Palestrina served as choirmaster under a grand total of two popes at the Vatican. a. True b. False

b.

The German Minnesingers often sang of Minne, a spiritualized incarnation of the goddess of music. a. True b. False

b.

The Greek concept that some intervals are fundamentally pleasing while others are naturally harsh and unstable is known as what? a. The presence of monophony and polyphony b. The distinction between consonance and dissonance c. The modal scales d. The distinction between conjunct and disjunct

b.

The art of "attentive listening" involves the ability to listen to a piece only once and thus completely understand and appreciate it. a. True b. False

b.

The composer Léonin likely held what position or title? a. Courtier b. Priest c. Abbot d. Master of the musicians' guild

b.

The introduction to "The Stars and Stripes Forever" prepares the listener for the first strain of the march, featuring a lively melody heard in the lowest possible register. a. True b. False

b.

The kithara, a harp-like music, was scorned by Plato as he believed its sound to have a corrupting effect. a. True b. False

b.

The madrigal genre arrived in England in 1588, the year of the Spanish Army's defeat. a. True b. False

b.

The score for the movie Psycho was composed by famous 20th-century composer Arnold Schoenberg. a. True b. False

b.

The term "Classical" derives from what source? a. Greek term denoting divine origin b. Latin term describing the upper class in Roman society c. Arabic word for the mathematical ratios commonly found in art music d. Italian word for old-fashioned or quaint

b.

Tonality is a system of musical organization that depends on a network of harmonic relationships, all centered on dissonant triads. a. True b. False

b.

Transplanted composers at the beginning of the Renaissance left their homes for London, serving the English monarchy. a. True b. False

b.

Unlike Byrd, Dowland was a Catholic—thus, he was forced to leave England and find favor in foreign courts. a. True b. False

b.

What is the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book? a. A training manual for English dances b. A manuscript of nearly 300 compositions for the harpsichord c. A collection of instrumental pieces of varying genres dedicated to Elizabeth I d. A collection of sacred instrumental pieces dedicated to St. Mary

b.

What is the term for the new musical style that became popular in the 14th century? a. Musica nova b. Ars nova c. Musique Francaise d. Ars contrapunta

b.

Which is NOT a feature of the madrigal? a. Composed for four or five voices b. Texts in Latin c. Texts of high literary quality d. Set for one singer per part

b.

Which of the following best describes Hildegard of Bingen's piece, O viridissima virga? a. A setting of the Ordinary for women's voices b. A setting of the Proper in honor of the Virgin Mary c. Part of an extended cycle of Daily Offices meant to be performed throughout the season of Advent d. A secular motet that she had to hide from church authorities for fear of excommunication

b.

Which of the following describes "ternary form?" a. Three unique sections of music b. Three sections of music, of which the third is a repetition of the first c. Two sections of music with the second repeated with extensive modification d. Two sections of music played successively three times

b.

Which of the following is NOT a classification of a male vocal range? a. Tenor b. Alto c. Baritone d. Bass

b.

Which statement about Hildegard of Bingen's early life is NOT true? a. She took vows at the age of 14 and entered a convent b. She was educated by Carmelite nuns c. Her parents offered her to the church as a tithe, as she was their tenth child d. Her parents were members of the nobility

b.

Which statement about Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever" is NOT true? a. This piece is now commonly played after presidential speeches. b. The piece was written to match a stirring patriotic text: "Hurrah for the flag of the free." c. The piece displays the craft of a classically trained composer alongside distinctly popular elements. d. The composer of the piece, J.P. Sousa, led the Marine Corps Band and became America's venerated "March King."

b.

Which statement about troubadours is true? a. These poet-musicians worked primarily in the southern region of what is now Spain b. Many troubadours wrote epic poems and composed songs about the Crusades c. All troubadours were nobly born d. All troubadours were commoners

b.

While Josquin's music was little known during his lifetime, the printing press—invented shortly after his death—helped spread his fame posthumously. a. True b. False

b.

The small musical team that plays the bass line and chords to accompany soloists in the baroque period. This term also applies to the bass line and chord symbols on the musical notation that they play.

basso continuo

During which era did instrumental music first become widely composed and disseminated? a. Renaissance b. Classical c. Baroque d. Romantic

c.

Hildegard of Bingen had a vision of flames descending from heaven, touching her in her monastic cell, and revealing the meaning of scriptures—this experience inspired her to do what? a. Begin her own monastic order b. Protest erroneous teachings of the church by writing letters to the Pope and other officials c. Write poetry and music explaining what she had learned d. Travel as a missionary to central Asia

c.

In what way was Dufay a forward-looking composer? a. He utilized a slow-moving tenor part as the foundational voice in many of his pieces b. He stopped using "church modes" entirely in favor of the new major and minor scales c. He occasionally used secular melodies as foundations for sacred Masses d. He maintained uniformly dense textures in all of his compositions

c.

In which nation did the Renaissance not first arise in music? Question options: a. Belgium b. France c. Italy d. Holland

c.

What historical event in the early 1300s contributed to the waning influence of the Catholic Church on many facets of medieval life, including music? a. The Protestant Reformation b. The papacy of Gregory I c. The relocation of the papacy to Avignon in France d. The War of the Roses in England

c.

What is the correct distinction between a chorus and a choir? a. The former is typically smaller than the latter, and is often associated with opera b. The latter is typically male only, and usually performs a cappella c. The latter is typically smaller than the former, and is often associated with sacred music d. The former is typically female only, and usually performs accompanied by a piano

c.

What two new modes were introduced during the Renaissance that became the basis for a new system of understanding music? a. Pentatonic and octatonic scales b. Lydian and mixolydian modes c. Major and minor scales d. Aeolian and dorian modes

c.

When did the modern orchestra develop? a. Late medieval period b. Early 1600s c. 18th century d. Late 1900s

c.

Which is NOT a feature of music from the Classical era? a. Balanced proportions b. Symmetrical forms c. Short, non-melodic themes d. Use of clear supporting harmonies

c.

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between early medieval and ancient Greek music? a. Both used scale-like arrangements of pitches known as "modes" b. Both primarily used monophonic texture c. Neither accepted the use of instruments other than the human voice d. Neither had prescribed rhythms

c.

Which of the following is NOT true about Machaut's poetry? a. He was greatly admired by Geoffrey Chaucer b. He produced several long, narrative poems c. All of his secular poetry was written in Latin d. Many of his poems used the standard templates of medieval secular poetry

c.

Which of the following was NOT one of the many roles that Hildegard of Bingen filled in her life? Question options: a. Abbess b. Illustrator c. Pianist d. Poet

c.

Which painter based a famous work on an ancient sculpture owned by Lorenzo di Medici? a. Titian b. Michelangelo c. Botticelli d. Giotto

c.

Which term describes the practice of setting musical lines against each other—literally "note against note"? a. Contranotational b. Polyphonic harmonization c. Counterpoint d. Neumatic balancing

c.

Which term is NOT correctly matched to its definition? a. Upbeat: final "weak" beat in a measure which prepares the listener for a new measure b. Syncopation: technique in which the accent appears in an unexpected place c. Downbeat: final pulse or accent of a measure d. Measures: equal segments of time which contain regular beat patterns

c.

A virtuosic display passage, often improvised by a soloist, near the end of an aria or movement of a concerto

cadenza

A virtuosic display passage, often improvised by a soloist, often near the end of an aria or concerto.

cadenza

nglish Renaissance composer who was a professed Catholic working in the Anglican church.

cantata

promoted the values of honor, valor and fidelity in the Middle Ages.

chivalry

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

classical

An instrumental composition for a soloist accompanied by an orchestra.

concerto

Practice of setting musical lines against each other, associated with polyphony.

counterpoint

Composers from which nation first experimented with triads? a. France b. Spain c. Italy d. England

d.

Early medieval church music, which was primarily passed down as part of an oral tradition, was known by many names—which of the following is NOT one of them? a. Chant b. Plainchant c. Plainsong d. Chantsong

d.

The "estampie" was: Question options: a. An instrument with a large hollow body with strings stretched across it b. A form of high courtly poetry c. A precursor to the modern printing press that first made dissemination of printed music possible d. A stamping dance popular in France and Italy

d.

The German poet ____ described ____ as "frozen music." a. Brecht / sculpture b. Rubens / painting c. Hoffmann / civic engineering d. Goethe / architecture

d.

What did Gesualdo of Venosa use to create unpredictable music that was both fragmented and spontaneous? a. Extremely loud and harsh dynamic levels b. Large sections of percussion c. A strange new system of musical organization known as "tonality" d. Abrupt changes in rhythm and texture

d.

What is the term for setting one musical line against another? a. Monophony b. Cadences c. Harmony d. Counterpoint

d.

What was William Byrd's official title? a. Principal Violinist for the London Philharmonic b. Composer in Residence at Buckingham Palace c. Westminster Abbey Choirmaster d. Organist at London's Chapel Royal

d.

What was the name of the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation? a. Papal Encyclicals XVI-XX b. The Roman Orthodoxy c. The Nicene Creed d. The Counter-Reformation

d.

Which city was the center of a vibrant new style of polyphony during the late 12th and early 13th centuries? a. London b. Rome c. Vienna d. Paris

d.

Which instrument was by far the most complex musical instrument available during the medieval era? a. The piano b. The harpsichord c. The hurdy-gurdy d. The organ

d.

Which is the correct definition of "tempo?" a. Basic rhythmic values as assigned by standard notation b. The relationship between the different "voices" or parts in a piece of music c. The number of bar lines in a given piece d. The basic pace or speed of music

d.

Which of the following is the best definition of the word "melody"? a. A recurring theme in an opera tied to a specific character or idea b. A series of conjunct musical pitches c. A harmonic pattern signifying arrival in a key d. Succession of musical pitches into a particular shape

d.

Who commissioned Donato Bramante's Tempietto? a. Lorenzo di Medici b. Pope Marcellus II c. Queen Mary d. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

d.

Who was an important patron of Josquin? a. Dufay b. King Louis X of France c. Lorenzo di Medici d. The Duke of Ferrara

d.

A composition typical of the Baroque period with strict rules of counterpoint. Often performed on the organ.

fugue

A fast dance found in Baroque suites, often the last movement.

gigue

A compositional technique that uses a distinctive repeating bass line throughout the piece.

ground bass (ostinato)

A keyboard instrument widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries, in which strings are plucked by quills.

harpsichord

Keyboard instrument in which strings are plucked by quills. Used widely in 17th and 18th centuries.

harpsichord

Keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by felt covered hammers.

harpsichord

Listen to the following selection from Corelli's Trio Sonata in A minor, Op. III No. 10; based on the character of the music, which movement is this?

iii. Adagio

The text of an opera or oratorio. Italian for "little book."

libretto

Derived from a Baroque dance but used in the Classic period as a movement in instrumental genres such as the symphony, string quartet and sonata

minuet and trio

A short musical gesture, such as a melodic fragment or rhythmic pattern

motive

Italian comic opera of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Marriage of Figaro is an example

opera buffa

A dramatic work on a religious subject. Musically similar to opera but without staged action.

oratorio

Typically has one or more keyboards and a row of footpedals, wind moves through ranks of pipes to produce pitches.

organ

Pattern of pitches, such as a trill, used to decorate a melodic line. Also known as an embellishment.

ornament

An orchestral movement that prefaces a longer work such as an opera or oratorio.

overture

An instrumental piece for a chamber setting, typical of the Baroque period, in a lighter style, usually 3-4 movements.

sonata da camera

An instrumental piece, usually four movements, intended to be performed in a church setting. Often feature complex musical textures (such as counterpoint).

sonata da chiesa

A form most often used as the first movement of sonatas, symphonies, string quartets, etc.

sonata-allegro

A composition that presents a melody which is then varied, modified, and altered in some way.

theme and variations

virtuosic display passage, often improvised by a soloist, often near the end of an aria or concerto.

toccata

A baroque compositional genre for two treble instruments plus a basso continuo accompaniment.

trio sonata

In the Middle Ages, these were aristocratic poet/musicians who composed courtly love songs.

troubadour and trouvere

Match the terms to their definitions. -Unison -Interval -Phrase -Cadence 1. a melodic portion of a piece of music 2. either a rest within or a conclusion at the end of a piece of music 3. distance between any two pitches 4. when two musicians play or sing the same pitch

unison- 4 interval-3 phrase-1 cadence-2

A family of bowed string instruments common in the Renaissance.

viol