Survey of the Criminal Justice System Exam 1

Which of the following is NOT a crime measurement tool?

*Global Corruption Survey (GCS) Uniform Crime Report (UCR) National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

4th amendment

Which of the following is NOT a visible crime?

Homicide Burglary *Bribery (Is NOT) Public drunkenness

The Positivist School of criminological thought holds that:

Human behavior is caused by external factors

The police serve thee three functions

Order maintenance, law enforcement, and service

6th Amendment

Right to a speedy trial

What is the specific crime with the smallest dark figure?

The dark figure is an unreported crime - Motor vehicle theft (16.7%), Robbery (39.1%), Burglary (60%)

Watchmen style of policing

emphasizes order and maintenance and tolerates minor violations of law as officers use discretion to handle small infractions informally but make arrests for major violations

mala prohibita

offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves

Mala in se

offenses that are wrong by their very nature

All of the following are elements of a crime EXCEPT for:

the act The attendant circumstances The state of mind (or intent) *The victim

What is the lifetime likelihood of imprisonment of men (Of any race)?

1/9, 11% of all males in America

This amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment excessive bail and excessive fines

8th amendment

Since the 1990s, the US has experienced:

A decrease in crime and an increase in incarceration rates

Mens rea is one of the seven principles of criminal law, meaning:

A guilty mind

Typically, a misdemeanor is

A less serious offense typically punishable by less than one year of incarceration

Classical Criminology

A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will, that demands responsibility and accountability of all perpetrators, and that stresses the need for punishments severe enough to deter others.

Filtering Process

A screening operation: a process by which officials screen out some cases while advancing others to the next level of decisions

Legalistic style of policing

A style of policing marked by a strict concern with the law and reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally.

Frankpledge

A system in old English law in which members of a tithing, a group of ten families, pledged to be responsible for keeping order and bringing violators of the law to court.

Labeling theory suggests that:

All individuals tend to behave consistently with their social labels

The 14th amendment provides due process rights to this group of persons

All the people in the U.S. regardless of the fact if you are a citizen or not

This policing strategy/theory calls for officers to maintain order and reduce the fear of crime.

Broken windows theory - idea by addressing small stuff it helps reduce more small stuff

This school of thought emphasizes the importance of free will in crime causation?

CLassicla school of thought

What are the four layers of the criminal justice cake?

Celebrated cases Felonies Less serious felonies Misdamenors

This person argued that certain physical features make people more criminal

Cesare Lombroso

This theory assumes that all people are capable of crime, and therefore focuses on why people do not commit crimes

Control theory - social control

Since the 1990's what has been the trend of violent crime

Declining

These are the three goals of the criminal justice system

Doing justice Preventing crime Controlling crime

List two of the three main goals of criminal justice

Doing justice, controlling crime, and preventing crime

The 5th amendment provides protection against these two things.

Double jeopardy (The subjecting of a person to prosecution more than once in the same jurisdiction for the same offense; prohibited by 5th amendment) and to protect against self-incrimination

"It is better that ten guilty people escape than that one innocent suffer" This sentence is associated with which model of criminal justice?

Due process Model

Which of the following is an example of a victimless crime?

Extortion Homicide Bribery *Prostitution (IS a victimless crime)

This term describes an offense in which no harm was done such as conspiracy to commit murder

Inchoate offense

This style of policing focuses on making arrests and controlling crime

Legalistic style (as opposed to service and watchmen style)

This act directed the police to prevent crime without using repressive force and show efficacy through to absence of crime and disorder

Metropolitan police act

What is a mala is se offense?

Offenses that are wrong by their very nature - Like murder

What are the three main components of the Criminal Justice System?

Police, Courts, Corrections

These are the three areas of policing in the united states?

Political, professional and community

This level of proof indicates that it is more likely than not that a person is guilty of a crime

Probable cause

Procedural law involves all of the following EXCEPT...

Protection of Constitutional rights *Defining acts that are subject to punishment Defining the procedures that must be followed in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections All of the above are aspects of procedural law

According to this theory, crime occurs because of a gap between aspiration and actual achievement

Strain theory

According to Beccaria, these are characteristics of effective punishments

Swift, severe, and certainty

List and describe the three elements of a crime

The act, the attendant circumstances, The state of mind (Intent)

Anomie

a breakdown or disappearance of the rules of social behavior

Crimes

actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government's power to impose punishments

Inchoate or Incomplete offenses

conduct that is criminal even though the harm that the law seeks to prevent has not been done but merely planned or attempted

Adjudication

the process of determining whether the defendant is guilty

Civil Law

the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.