Survey of the Criminal Justice System Exam 1
Which of the following is NOT a crime measurement tool?
*Global Corruption Survey (GCS) Uniform Crime Report (UCR) National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
4th amendment
Which of the following is NOT a visible crime?
Homicide Burglary *Bribery (Is NOT) Public drunkenness
The Positivist School of criminological thought holds that:
Human behavior is caused by external factors
The police serve thee three functions
Order maintenance, law enforcement, and service
6th Amendment
Right to a speedy trial
What is the specific crime with the smallest dark figure?
The dark figure is an unreported crime - Motor vehicle theft (16.7%), Robbery (39.1%), Burglary (60%)
Watchmen style of policing
emphasizes order and maintenance and tolerates minor violations of law as officers use discretion to handle small infractions informally but make arrests for major violations
mala prohibita
offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves
Mala in se
offenses that are wrong by their very nature
All of the following are elements of a crime EXCEPT for:
the act The attendant circumstances The state of mind (or intent) *The victim
What is the lifetime likelihood of imprisonment of men (Of any race)?
1/9, 11% of all males in America
This amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment excessive bail and excessive fines
8th amendment
Since the 1990s, the US has experienced:
A decrease in crime and an increase in incarceration rates
Mens rea is one of the seven principles of criminal law, meaning:
A guilty mind
Typically, a misdemeanor is
A less serious offense typically punishable by less than one year of incarceration
Classical Criminology
A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will, that demands responsibility and accountability of all perpetrators, and that stresses the need for punishments severe enough to deter others.
Filtering Process
A screening operation: a process by which officials screen out some cases while advancing others to the next level of decisions
Legalistic style of policing
A style of policing marked by a strict concern with the law and reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally.
Frankpledge
A system in old English law in which members of a tithing, a group of ten families, pledged to be responsible for keeping order and bringing violators of the law to court.
Labeling theory suggests that:
All individuals tend to behave consistently with their social labels
The 14th amendment provides due process rights to this group of persons
All the people in the U.S. regardless of the fact if you are a citizen or not
This policing strategy/theory calls for officers to maintain order and reduce the fear of crime.
Broken windows theory - idea by addressing small stuff it helps reduce more small stuff
This school of thought emphasizes the importance of free will in crime causation?
CLassicla school of thought
What are the four layers of the criminal justice cake?
Celebrated cases Felonies Less serious felonies Misdamenors
This person argued that certain physical features make people more criminal
Cesare Lombroso
This theory assumes that all people are capable of crime, and therefore focuses on why people do not commit crimes
Control theory - social control
Since the 1990's what has been the trend of violent crime
Declining
These are the three goals of the criminal justice system
Doing justice Preventing crime Controlling crime
List two of the three main goals of criminal justice
Doing justice, controlling crime, and preventing crime
The 5th amendment provides protection against these two things.
Double jeopardy (The subjecting of a person to prosecution more than once in the same jurisdiction for the same offense; prohibited by 5th amendment) and to protect against self-incrimination
"It is better that ten guilty people escape than that one innocent suffer" This sentence is associated with which model of criminal justice?
Due process Model
Which of the following is an example of a victimless crime?
Extortion Homicide Bribery *Prostitution (IS a victimless crime)
This term describes an offense in which no harm was done such as conspiracy to commit murder
Inchoate offense
This style of policing focuses on making arrests and controlling crime
Legalistic style (as opposed to service and watchmen style)
This act directed the police to prevent crime without using repressive force and show efficacy through to absence of crime and disorder
Metropolitan police act
What is a mala is se offense?
Offenses that are wrong by their very nature - Like murder
What are the three main components of the Criminal Justice System?
Police, Courts, Corrections
These are the three areas of policing in the united states?
Political, professional and community
This level of proof indicates that it is more likely than not that a person is guilty of a crime
Probable cause
Procedural law involves all of the following EXCEPT...
Protection of Constitutional rights *Defining acts that are subject to punishment Defining the procedures that must be followed in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections All of the above are aspects of procedural law
According to this theory, crime occurs because of a gap between aspiration and actual achievement
Strain theory
According to Beccaria, these are characteristics of effective punishments
Swift, severe, and certainty
List and describe the three elements of a crime
The act, the attendant circumstances, The state of mind (Intent)
Anomie
a breakdown or disappearance of the rules of social behavior
Crimes
actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government's power to impose punishments
Inchoate or Incomplete offenses
conduct that is criminal even though the harm that the law seeks to prevent has not been done but merely planned or attempted
Adjudication
the process of determining whether the defendant is guilty
Civil Law
the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.
