symbolic interactionism ⚠⛔️👥
symbolic interactionist approach
focuses on signs, gestures, shared rules, and written and spoken language
generalized other
at first, children have relationships with specific individuals. later on they develop a sense of the...
herbert george blumer
coined the term "symbolic interactionism"
people interacting with one another
interactionists remind us that society's institutions are ultimately created, maintained, and changed by...
in process and always changing
(second major theme of symbolic interactionism) this view emphasizes human society as being _________, rather than as something static and unchanging
symbolic interactionism
individuals shape their own behaviors in light of what they know about others
consisting of people interacting with each other
a second major theme of symbolic interactionism is that society is most usefully viewed as...
social interaction
according to mead, the sense of self emerges fully through...
interaction-based meaning
actions are determined by the meanings people associate with things
interaction-based meaning
culture, science, society, and mathematics are only as real as the meanings assigned to them
human agency
despite the impositions of a greater structure, the individual can be seen as an active player in the interpretation and modification of the structure's rules and processes
george herbert mead
devised a symbolic interactionist approach
erving goffman
dramaturgical approach
interactionist perspective
focuses on how individuals make sense of — or interpret — the social world in which they participate
symbolic interactionism
human behavior differs from that of lowers animals because it uses symbols and attaches meanings to those symbols
1st premise of symbolic interactionism
humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings they ascribe to those things
human agency
humans are perceived to be active social actors who willingly negotiate their roles and identities within and through the system
functionalist and conflict theorists
implicitly assume that social processes and social institutions somehow have a life of their own apart from the participants
interaction-based meaning
in a sense symbolic interactionism sees reality as an association of meanings
interaction-based meaning
it can be said that meaning is not monopolized by a single person or perspective — something can have different meanings as there are different perspectives
interaction-based meaning, human agency
key concepts of symbolic interactionism
symbolic interactionism
language and other symbols play a critical role in this process, as do games and other forms of play
dramaturgical approach
life is seen as a form of theater
interaction
mead stresses that we learn meanings through _______ and then organize our lives around those socially created meanings
symbolic interactionist approach
received the widest attention and presents us with a well-formulated theory
ethnomethodology
shows how people create and share their understanding of social life
george herbert mead
studies the emergence of a sense of self in individuals
powerful
symbolic interactionists know that not everyone is equally...
networks of other individuals
symbolic interactionists realize that individuals act within...
interaction-based meaning
symbolic interactions sees reality not just as meanings but sees meanings as constitutive of reality itself
2nd premise of symbolic interactionism
the meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with others and the society
3rd premise of symbolic interactionism
these meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters
generalized other
they learn what other people on social world are like and what they can expect from them in the way thoughts, feelings, and actions
interactionist perspective
this approach is primarily concerned with human behavior on a person-to-person level
human agency
this concept emphasizes the capacity of humans to project and plan their actions based on certain goals formed for the betterment of their conditions
leaders
those individuals who are best able to see things through the eyes of other people in a given situation
harold garfinkeld
uses ethnomethodology
