System Analysis and Design Final Exam Review
When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select every tenth customer for review. a. systematic sample b.stratified sample c.random sample d.comprehensive sample
a
When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, each of the concurrent tasks is called a(n) _____. a. successor task b. discrete task c. antecedent task d. descendent task
a
Which is a non-functional requirement? a.The system must provide logon security at the operating system level and at the application level. b.Each input form must include date, time, product code, customer number, and quantity. c.The system must be operational 7 days a week, 365 days a year. d.The website shall report online volume statistics every four hours and hourly during peak periods.
a
_____ can help a systems analyst understand how the current system is supposed to work. a. Document review b. Brainstorming c. A systematic sample d. Productivity software
a
_____ enabled computer-to-computer transfer of data between companies, usually over private telecommunications networks. a. Electronic data interchange (EDI) b. Radio frequency identification (RFID) c. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) d. Object-oriented (O-O) analysis
a
_____ is based on combinations of the three logical structures, or control structures, which serve as building blocks for the process. a. Modular design b.Interface design c.Visual design d.Product design
a
_____ maintains consistency among data flow diagrams (DFDs) by ensuring that input and output data flows align properly. a.Balancing b.Indexing c.Adapting d.Shipping
a
_____ means that the projected benefits of a proposed system outweigh the estimated costs. a.Economic feasibility b.Schedule feasibility c.Operational feasibility d.Technical feasibility
a
_____ result from a decrease in expenses, an increase in revenues, or both. a.Tangible benefits b.Intangible benefits c.Agile benefits d.Ethical benefits
a
_____ technology uses radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to identify and monitor the movement of each individual product, from a factory floor to the retail checkout counter. a.EPC (electronic product code) b.Project Scope c.MCC (magnetic character code) d.RTPD (real-time product delivery)
a
A _____ (sometimes called an epic) is a simple, high-level statement of a requirement. a.schema b.feature c.script d.kernel
b
A _____ graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling an airline reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account. a.business matrix model (BMM) b.business process model (BPM) c.business indexing model (BIM) d.business strategic model (BSM)
b
A _____ is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve. a.trigger b.constraint c.query d.key
b
A _____ is an overview that describes a company's overall functions, processes, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction. a.business matrix b.business profile c.business index d.business glossary
b
A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a _____. a.flowchart b.histogram c.tree map d.streamgraph
b
A(n) _____ is a simple graphic organizer that helps systems analysts visualize the status of a project. a. histogram b.storyboard c.pool d.epic
b
In a data dictionary, _____ refers to whether the data element contains numeric, alphabetic, or character values. a.pool b.type c.valence d. domain
b
In a data flow diagram (DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data flow is a _____. a.segment of a differentiable curve b.line with a single or double arrowhead c.flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d.triangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
b
In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) _____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system. a.agent b.actor c.interlocutor d.master
b
In addition to direct evaluations, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the _____. a. business process modeling notation (BPMN) b. total cost of ownership (TCO) c. functional decomposition diagrams (FDD) d. Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)
b
In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) _____ can be a valuable tool. a.observation b.questionnaire c.suggestion d.title
b
In the rapid application development (RAD) model, during the _____ phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs. a.requirements planning b.user design c.construction d.cutover
b
One of the disadvantages of _____ methods of system development is that the overall project might be subject to scope change as user requirements change. a.object-oriented analysis b.agile c.structured analysis d.rapid application development
b
Projects where management has no choice in implementing them are called _____ projects. a.discretionary b.nondiscretionary c.appended d.concatenated
b
Projects with very general scope definitions are at risk of expanding gradually, without specific authorization, in a process called _____. a.project dilation b.project creep c.project expansion d.project drift
b
Since diagram 0 is a(n) _____ version of process 0, it shows considerably more detail than a context diagram. a.contracted b.exploded c.condensed d.extrapolated
b
Systems development typically starts with a _____. a.feasibility study b.systems request c.preliminary investigation d.financial snapshot
b
Typical process description tools include _____. a.context diagrams b.decision trees c.pseudocode d.database tables
b
Which is a functional requirement? a.Response time must not exceed four seconds. b.The contact management system shall generate a daily reminder list for all sales representatives. c.The system must be operational 7 days a week, 365 days a year. d.The system should work on Windows and Mac platforms.
b
_____ are advantages that are difficult to measure in dollars but are important to a company. a.Tangible benefits b.Intangible benefits c.Tactile benefits d.Real benefits
b
_____ can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements. a.Qualitative risk analysis b.Quantitative risk analysis c.Resource list analysis d.Trigger analysis
b
_____ components can provide automated responses to sales inquiries, online order processing, and inventory tracking. a.Internet of Things (IOT) b.Customer relationship management (CRM) c.Automatic teller machine (ATM) d.Total cost of ownership (TCO)
b
_____ give team members of a project an opportunity to share information, discuss common problems, and explain new techniques. a.Board meetings b.Project status meetings c.Project review reports d.Status reports
b
_____ includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs. a.CRC (customer relationship costs) b.TCO (total cost of ownership) c.JIT (just-in-time costs) d.RCT (real cost of time)
b
_____ technology uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects. a.Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) b.Radio frequency identification (RFID) c.Enterprise resource planning (ERP) d.Management information system (MIS)
b
Of the measures of feasibility, _____ assesses tangible and intangible benefits to a company in addition to costs. a.schedule feasibility b.technical feasibility c.economic feasibility d.operational feasibility
c
Project managers always must be aware of the _____, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep a project on track. a.absolute path b.relative path c.critical path d.dynamic path
c
Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____. a. requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team's workload b. includes monitoring the progress of a project, evaluating results, and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on target c. involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d. includes budgeting a project based on the number of modules and their complexity in a project
c
The _____ is the most pessimistic outcome of a task. a.best-case estimate (B) b.probable-case estimate (P) c.worst-case estimate (W) d.dominant-case estimate (D)
c
The disadvantage of the four-model approach is that ____. a.it gives an unclear picture of the current system functions before any modifications or improvements are made b.the requirements of a new information system always are different from the current information system c.additional time and money are required to develop a logical and physical model of the current system d. it does not take additional steps to avoid mistakes made earlier in systems development
c
The first step in creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) is to _____. a.mark all recognizable events b.determine time requirements c.list all tasks d.estimate task completion time and cost
c
Transaction processing (TP) systems _____. a.provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company b.simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied c.process data generated by day-to-day business operations d.include email, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, and integrated mobile computing systems
c
Using _____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes. a. Unified Modeling Language (UML) b.total cost of ownership (TCO) c.functional decomposition diagrams (FDD) d.Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)
c
_____ lists each risk and assesses the likelihood that it could affect a project. a.Risk averting b.Risk dominance c.Risk identification d.Risk analytics
c
_____ means that a project can be implemented in an acceptable time frame. a.Operational feasibility b.Technical feasibility c.Schedule feasibility d.Economic feasibility
c
_____ planning is the process of identifying long-term organizational goals, strategies, and resources. a.Prospect b.Pilot c.Strategic d.Vertical
c
_____ provides vital protection and maintenance services for system hardware and software, including enterprise computing systems, networks, transaction processing systems, and corporate IT infrastructure. a.User support b.Database administration c.Systems support and security d.Network administration
c
A _____ answers questions, troubleshoots problems, and serves as a clearinghouse for user problems and solutions. a.user support specialist b.database administrator c.web support specialist d.network administrator
a
A _____ cannot be started until a previous task is completed. a.dependent task b.predecessor task c.precursor task d.concurrent task
a
A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies. a.Gantt chart b.viewport c.Scatter chart d.wireframe
a
A _____ shows how data moves through an information system but does not show program logic or processing steps. a. data flow diagram b.data tree diagram c.data model diagram d.data structure diagram
a
A systems analyst conducts a preliminary investigation to study the _____ and recommend specific action. a.systems request b.project scheduling report c.systems validation d.project staffing report
a
A(n) _____ is a characteristic or feature that must be included in an information system to satisfy business needs and be acceptable to users. a.system requirement b.property c.questionnaire d.object
a
A(n) _____ is a condition, restriction, or requirement that the system must satisfy. a.constraint b.index c.milestone d.viewport
a
Business support systems _____. a.provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company b.simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied c.process data generated by day-to-day business operations d.include email, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, and integrated mobile computing systems to operational employees
a
By showing processes as _____, an analyst can create data flow diagrams (DFDs) that show how the system functions but avoid unnecessary detail and clutter. a.black boxes b.process descriptions c.business rules d.decision tables
a
During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system. a.systems support and security phase b.systems implementation phase c.systems analysis phase d.systems planning phase
a
In a typical organizational model, top managers _____. develop long-range plans, called strategic plans, which define a company's overall mission and goals b.provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders c.oversee operation employees and carry out day-to-day functions, coordinating operational tasks and people d.include users who rely on transaction processing (TP) systems to enter and receive the data they need to perform their jobs
a
In an interview, _____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses. a. open-ended questions b.closed-ended questions c.leading questions d.range-of-response questions
a
Project monitoring, an activity of a project manager, _____. a.requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team's workload b.involves the creation of a specific timetable, usually in the form of charts that show tasks, task dependencies, and critical tasks that might delay a project c.consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d.includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs
a
Projects that provide the _____ are assigned the highest priority when setting priorities for systems requests. a.greatest benefit, at the lowest cost, in the shortest period of time b.greatest benefit, at the highest cost, in the shortest period of time c.least benefit, at the lowest cost, in the longest period of time d.least benefit, at the highest cost, in the longest period of time
a
The _____, named after a nineteenth-century economist, is a widely used tool for visualizing issues that need attention and is drawn as a vertical bar graph. a.Pareto chart b.Gantt chart c.Scatter chart d.XY chart
a
The major benefit of _____ is that it gives a clear picture of current system functions before any modifications or improvements are made. a.the four-model approach b.balancing c.leveling d. the Zachman Framework
a
To evaluate _____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes. a.scalability b.reliability c.compatibility d.applicability
a
When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, one of the options available to the manager is _____. a.delaying the project deadline b.expanding the project requirements c.reducing the project resources d.eliminating controls and procedures
a
In a(n) _____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart. a.spontaneous b.unstructured c.informal d. open-ended
c
In a(n) _____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives. a.pool b.resequencing session c.scrum d. adaptation
c
In data and process modeling, a(n) _____ shows what the system must do, regardless of how it will be implemented physically. a.organizational model b.physical model c.logical model d.relational model
c
A _____ describes the information that a system must provide. a.processing model b.data model c.business model d.network model
c
A _____ is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system. a. surface flowchart b.scatter diagram c.use case diagram d. user-based flowchart
c
A _____ shows a logical structure, with all possible combinations of conditions and resulting actions. a.pseudo table b.database table c.decision table d. validation table
c
A(n) _____ is not as flexible as a series of interviews, but it is less expensive, generally takes less time, and can involve a broad cross-section of people. a.fishbone b.experiment c.survey d.research
c
A(n) _____ uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storage. a.process flow diagram b.object model c.data flow diagram d.network model
c
Agile methods typically use a(n) _____ , which represents a series of iterations based on user feedback. a.incremental model b.extreme model c.spiral model d.evaluative model
c
Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a _____ receives input data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both. a.data store b.data flow c.process d.gray hole
c
Data flow diagram (DFD) entities are also called _____ because they are data origins or final data destinations. a.data stores b.pseudocodes c.terminators d.gray holes
c
Determining the _____ means defining the specific boundaries, or extent, of a project. a.project index b.project matrix c.project scope d.project table
c
Electronic data interchange (EDI) enables _____ inventory systems, which rely on computer-to-computer data exchange to minimize unnecessary inventory. a.CRM (customer relationship management) b.EPOD (electronic proof of delivery) c.JIT (just-in-time) d.RFID (radio frequency identification)
c
For complex models, analysts can choose computer-based modeling tools that use _____, which includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more. a.electronic data interchange (EDI) b.joint application development (JAD) c.business process modeling notation (BPMN) d.rapid application development (RAD)
c
In a data dictionary, any name other than the standard data element name is called a(n) _____. a.clone b.cipher c.alias d.script
c
In a data dictionary, some data elements have _____ rules. For example, an employee's salary must be within the range defined for the employee's job classification. a.domain b.range c.validity d.mastered
c
In a(n) _____ model, the result of each phase is called a deliverable, which flows into the next phase. a.interactive b.iterative c.waterfall d.spiral
c
In modular design, _____ is also called looping. a.sequence b.selection c.iteration d.process description
c
A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but uses task boxes to include much more detail. a.semantic wireframe b.mesh topology c.ring topology d.network diagram
d
A _____ includes a review of a project's scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any other internal or external factors that might affect the project. a.change management plan b.configuration management plan c.debt management plan d.risk management plan
d
A _____ is a central storehouse of information about a system's data. a. data cube b.data feed c.data mart d.data repository
d
A _____ is a sequence of tasks that has no slack time. a. risk path b. foundation path c. baseline path d. critical path
d
A project _____ negotiates with users who might have conflicting requirements or want changes that would require additional time or expense. a.manager b.reporter c.tester d.coordinator
d
A(n) _____ investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company's information systems. a.application developer b.database administrator c.network administrator d.systems analyst
d
A(n) _____ shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur. a.timing diagram b.class diagram c.orientation diagram d.sequence diagram
d
During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a new system is constructed. a.systems planning phase b.systems support and security phase c.systems design phase d.systems implementation phase
d
In a data flow diagram (DFD), a gray hole is a process that has _____. a.no input b.at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c.no output d.at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown
d
In a data flow diagram (DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for an entity is a ____. a. rectangle with rounded corners b.line with a single or double arrowhead c.flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d.rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
d
In an interview, _____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale. a.open-ended questions b.factual questions c.leading questions d.range-of-response questions
d
Project planning, an activity of a project manager, _____. a.requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating the a project team's workload b.includes monitoring the progress of the a project, evaluating results, and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on target c.focuses on long-term challenges and goals, the importance of stakeholders, and a commitment to the firm's role as a corporate citizen d.includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs
d
Strategic planning starts with a _____ that reflects a firm's vision, purpose, and values. a.relationship diagram b.feasibility study c.performance assessment d.mission statement
d
The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time. a.requirements b.resources c.environment d.cost
d
User productivity systems _____. a.provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company b.simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied c.process data generated by day-to-day business operations d.include groupware programs that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams
d
When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task. a.model b.asynchronous c.baseline d.concurrent
d
_____ is a systems development technique that produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify. a. Prototyping b. Rapid application development c. Scrum d. Modeling
d
