TCC A&P Exam 3 (Part I)

35) Which of the following is a characteristic of bone? A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. B) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium. C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment. D) For strength, compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae. E) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts.

A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts.

57) Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the following statements is therefore true? A) The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible. B) Administraton of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length. C) More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding of growth plates. D) Intramembranous ossification will enable further growth in length. E) Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until adulthood.

A) The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.

73) The soft fibrous membrane in an infant's skull located at the junction of the frontal, coronal, and sagittal sutures is the A) anterior fontanelle. B) mastoid fontanelle. C) epicranial fontanelle. D) lateral fontanelle. E) posterior fontanelle.

A) anterior fontanelle.

30) The central canal of an osteon contains A) blood vessels. B) bone marrow. C) osteocytes. D) concentric lamellae. E) lacunae.

A) blood vessels.

56) Bone tissue formation begins when osteoblasts secrete A) collagen fibers. B) calcium. C) hydroxyapatite. D) mesenchyme. E) silica.

A) collagen fibers.

70) Identify the structure the occipital bone surrounds. A) foramen magnum B) magnum maximus C) maximus minimus D) foramina maximus E) foramen magnus

A) foramen magnum

53) Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells. A) mesenchymal B) osteocyte C) osteoprogenitor D) osteoclast E) osteoblast

A) mesenchymal

15) The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the ________. A) metaphysis B) diaphysis C) osseophysis D) epiphysis E) medullary cavity

A) metaphysis

64) The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone. A) occipital B) parietal C) temporal D) frontal E) sphenoid

A) occipital

48) The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as A) ossification. B) osteogenesis. C) hardening. D) remodeling. E) calcification.

A) ossification.

33) The structural units of mature compact bone are called A) osteons. B) lamellae. C) osteocytes. D) lacunae. E) canaliculi.

A) osteons.

87) The bones that form the fingers are the A) phalanges. B) tarsals. C) carpals. D) metatarsals. E) metacarpals.

A) phalanges.

25) The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering. A) protein-crystal B) protein-protein C) collagen-fiber D) hydroxyapatite-crystal E) mineral-crystal

A) protein-crystal

77) Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult? A) sacral and coccygeal regions B) lumbar region C) thoracic D) coccygeal region E) sacral region

A) sacral and coccygeal regions

37) The femur can withstand ________ times the body weight without breaking. A) 8 B) 10 to 15 C) 5 to 10 D) 3 E) 30

B) 10 to 15

17) Bone is composed of ________ percent cells. A) 10 B) 2 C) 15 D) 50 E) 25

B) 2

46) Where would osteoclasts be most active? A) 2 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 1

B) 5

36) In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are A) anterior. B) parallel. C) diagonal. D) proximal. E) radial

B) parallel.

45) Identify the structures labeled "4." A) concentric lamellae B) periosteum C) trabeculae D) circumferential lamellae E) interstitial lamellae

B) periosteum

43) Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone? A) 4 B) 1 C) 5 D) 2 E) 3

C) 5

34) Fat is stored within the A) epiphysis. B) diaphysis. C) medullary cavity. D) metaphysis. E) spongy bone

C) Medullary cavity

24) ________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum. A) Osteoclast B) Osteocyte C) Osteoprogenitor D) Osteoid E) Chondroblast

C) Osteoprogenitor

95) Which of the following is the heel bone? A) navicular B) cuboid C) calcaneus D) talus E) patella

C) calcaneus

55) Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the A) metaphysis. B) distal epiphysis. C) diaphysis. D) periosteum. E) proximal epiphysis.

C) diaphysis.

97) The lateral malleolus is found on the A) patella. B) femur. C) fibula. D) calcaneus. E) tibia.

C) fibula.

85) The head of the humerus articulates with the A) coxal bone. B) carpal bones. C) glenoid cavity. D) acetabulum. E) trochlear notch.

C) glenoid cavity.

83) Which of these features is located near the proximal end of the humerus? A) capitulum B) medial epicondyle C) greater tubercle D) lateral epicondyle E) olecranon fossa

C) greater tubercle

91) The largest component of the coxal bone is the A) pubis. B) tibia. C) ilium. D) femur. E) ischium.

C) ilium

52) Secondary ossification centers occur A) at the periosteum. B) in the diaphysis. C) in the epiphyses. D) in dermal bones. E) in the metaphyses.

C) in the epiphyses.

21) The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a A) Haversian canal. B) trabecula. C) lacuna. D) Volkmann's canal. E) Venetian canal.

C) lacuna.

69) A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the A) crista galli. B) maxilla. C) sphenoid. D) ethmoid. E) cribriform.

C) sphenoid.

Figure 6-1 Bone Tissue Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: 42) Which structure is termed an osteon? A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 2 E) 4

D) 2

93) Each coxal bone consists of the following three fused bones: A) femur, tibia, and fibula B) femur, patella, and tibia C) hamate, capitate, and trapezium D) ilium, ischium, and pubis E) ulna, radius, and humerus

D) ilium, ischium, and pubis

1) Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? A) blood cell production B) calcium homeostasis C) protection of internal organs D) body support E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

58) During appositional growth A) bones grow wider. B) bone is replaced by cartilage. C) the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. D) osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes. E) bones grow longer.

A) bones grow wider.

50) Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n) A) cartilage model. B) membranous model. C) calcified model. D) fibrous connective-tissue model. E) osteoblasts model.

A) cartilage model.

22) Which of the following chemicals is not present in bone? A) chondroitin sulfate B) calcium phosphate C) collagen fibers D) calcium carbonate E) hydroxyapatite

A) chondroitin sulfate

65) The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the ________ suture. A) coronal B) sagittal C) rostral D) lambdoidal E) squamosal

A) coronal

4) The tip of a long bone is called the A) epiphysis. B) epiphyseal plate. C) metaphysis. D) diaphysis. E) lamella.

A) epiphysis.

99) Which of the following is not a lower limb bone? A) ulna B) femur C) patella D) fibula E) metatarsal

A) ulna

76) The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae. A) 31 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 4

B) 5

19) ________ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts. A) Osteomedullary cells B) Osteoprogenitor cells C) Squamous osteons D) Osteocytes E) Osteoclasts

B) Osteoprogenitor cells

38) ________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone. A) Yellow B) Red C) Blue D) White E) Gray

B) Red

9) ________ bones develop inside tendons, commonly near the knees, hands, and feet. A) Irregular B) Sesamoid C) Short D) Flat E) Long

B) Sesamoid

63) The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the A) occipital bone. B) atlas. C) axis. D) mandible. E) first thoracic vertebra.

B) atlas.

78) The odontoid process is found on the A) sacrum. B) axis. C) atlas. D) ribs. E) coccyx.

B) axis.

29) The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called A) lacunae. B) canaliculi. C) central canals. D) medullary cavities. E) foramina.

B) canaliculi.

94) The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the A) fibula. B) femur. C) humerus. D) coxal bone. E) tibia.

B) femur.

6) A rib is an example of a ________ bone. A) long B) flat C) sesamoid D) short E) sutural

B) flat

74) The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are A) fibrocartilaginous discs. B) fontanels. C) Wormian bones. D) foramina. E) sutures.

B) fontanels.

84) The depression on the posterior surface at the distal end of the humerus is the A) radial fossa. B) olecranon fossa. C) intertubercular groove. D) radial groove. E) coronoid fossa.

B) olecranon fossa.

67) The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland A) lacrimal B) pituitary C) nasal D) sellar E) olfactory

B) pituitary

49) Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? A) roof of the skull B) the roof of the skull and the clavicle C) femur D) clavicle E) carpal bones

B) the roof of the skull and the clavicle

31) The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called A) lacunae. B) trabeculae. C) concentric lamellae. D) interstitial lamellae. E) osteons.

B) trabeculae.

40) ________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles. A) Short B) Compact C) Spongy D) Irregular E) Long

C) Spongy

. 28) How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone? A) The bone would be stronger. B) The bone would be less compressible. C) The bone would be more flexible. D) The bone would be more brittle. E) The bone would be less flexible.

C) The bone would be more flexible.

98) The Achilles tendon attaches to which anatomical structure? A) lesser trochanter B) talus C) calcaneus D) cuboid bone E) patella.

C) calcaneus

10) The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A) flat B) sesamoid C) long D) irregular E) short

C) long

59) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, A) puberty begins. B) the bone becomes more brittle. C) long bones have reached their adult length. D) interstitial bone growth begins. E) appositional bone growth begins.

C) long bones have reached their adult length.

62) Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton? A) sternum B) skull C) pelvic girdle D) false ribs E) hyoid

C) pelvic girdle

54) Intramembranous ossification A) occurs inside a bag of cartilage. B) occurs in all bones before birth. C) produces flat bones as in the bones of the roof of the skull. D) occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone. E) explains how a juvenile's bone can grow in length

C) produces flat bones as in the bones of the roof of the skull.

75) The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae. A) 5 B) 4 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31

D) 12

23) ________ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone. A) Collagen fibers B) Water C) Calcium carbonate D) Calcium phosphate E) Fluoride

D) Calcium phosphate

96) The part of the tibia that is easily felt through the skin is and is known as the shin is the A) tibial tuberosity. B) articular facet. C) anterior crest. D) anterior margin. E) medial malleolus.

D) anterior margin.

44) The structure labeled "3" is the result of which process? A) remodeling of spongy bone B) osteoporosis C) surface growth of bone D) bone cells adding matrix between existing osteons E) remodeling of compact bone

D) bone cells adding matrix between existing osteons

80) Gesturing "no" with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae? A) atlas B) axis C) vertebra prominens D) both the atlas and the axis E) both the atlas and the vertebra prominens

D) both the atlas and the axis

82) Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle? A) clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, and carpal bones B) clavicles only C) clavicles, scapulae, humerus, radius, and ulna D) clavicles and scapulae E) clavicles, scapulae, and humerus

D) clavicles and scapulae

79) Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of A) notched spinous processes. B) transverse processes. C) transverse foramina. D) facets for the articulation of ribs. E) costal cartilages.

D) facets for the articulation of ribs.

12) A hole through a bone is termed a A) ramus. B) facet. C) linea. D) foramen. E) tubercle.

D) foramen

14) A shallow depression on a bone is termed a A) line. B) sulcus. C) facet. D) fossa. E) fissure.

D) fossa

72) The role(s) of the sinuses include(s): A) making the skull lighter B) extra source of air C) production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air D) making the skull lighter and production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air E) release of stress hormones

D) making the skull lighter and production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air

66) The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the A) styloid process. B) condyloid process. C) temporal process. D) mastoid process. E) occipital condyle.

D) mastoid process.

16) Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte? A) secretes organic matrix B) stem cell C) dissolves matrix D) mature bone cell

D) mature bone cell

86) In the anatomical position, the ulna is located ________ to the radius. A) superior B) distal C) proximal D) medial E) lateral

D) medial

88) Which of the following is not an upper limb bone? A) radius B) carpals C) humerus D) metatarsals E) ulna

D) metatarsals

27) The lacunae of osseous tissue contain A) bone marrow. B) blood cells. C) capillaries. D) osteocytes. E) chondroblasts

D) osteocytes.

81) Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? A) coxal bones B) tibia C) scapula D) sacrum E) metacarpals

D) sacrum

7) Bones that develop within tendons are called ________ bones. A) irregular B) Wormian C) sutural D) sesamoid E) tendon

D) sesamoid

5) The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. A) sesamoid B) flat C) long D) short E) irregular

D) short

92) A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman's pelvic outlet. A) larger B) deeper C) longer D) smaller E) wider

D) smaller

8) Small, oddly shaped bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________ bones. A) sesamoid B) tendon C) irregular D) sutural E) sagittal

D) sutural

2) Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? A) cartilage B) bones C) ligaments D) tendons E) other tissues that connect bones

D) tendons

11) The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the A) tuberosity. B) ramus. C) condyle. D) trochanter. E) tubercle.

D) trochanter.

3) Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? A) ulna B) frontal C) metatarsal D) vertebra E) patella

D) vertebra

71) The paranasal sinuses are located in all of the following bones, except the A) frontal. B) sphenoid. C) ethmoid. D) zygomatic. E) maxillae.

D) zygomatic.

51) The following are important steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Enlarged chondrocytes die. 2. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify. 4. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium. 5. Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a thin shell of bone. The correct order for these events is A) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2 B) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 C) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 E) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

E) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

100) Study of human skeletons can reveal information concerning the person's A) sex. B) age and nutritional status. C) health. D) size and handedness. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

61) Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? A) provides protection for the brain and spinal cord B) provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton C) provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk D) provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

41) Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix? A) Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix. B) Calcium is the organic part of the matrix. C) Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix. D) Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone. E) Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.

E) Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.

20) Through the action of osteoclasts, A) an organic framework is formed. B) fractured bones regenerate. C) osteoid is calcified. D) new bone is formed. E) bony matrix is dissolved.

E) bony matrix is dissolved.

13) The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a A) ridge. B) head. C) crest. D) trochlea. E) condyle.

E) condyle.

68) A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the A) styloid process. B) cribriform plate. C) pterygoid processes. D) perpendicular plate. E) crista galli.

E) crista galli.

39) The lining of the medullary cavity is called the A) periosteum. B) epimysium. C) perichondrium. D) perimysium. E) endosteum.

E) endosteum.

90) What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum? A) humerus B) sacrum C) fibula D) tibia E) femur

E) femur

47) The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage? A) fibrocartilage B) elastic cartilage C) osseous cartilage D) synovial cartilage E) hyaline cartilage

E) hyaline cartilage

89) Which of the following is not a part of the pelvis? A) sacrum B) coccyx C) pubic symphysis D) coxal bone E) lumbar vertebrae

E) lumbar vertebrae

18) Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called A) osteocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) osteoprogenitor cells. D) osteoclasts. E) osteoblasts.

E) osteoblasts.

26) The most abundant cell type in bone is A) osteolytes. B) osteoprogenitor cells. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoclasts. E) osteocytes.

E) osteocytes.

60) A lack of exercise could A) cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. B) cause bones to store more calcium. C) cause bones to become longer. D) cause bones to become thicker. E) result in porous and weak bones.

E) result in porous and weak bones.

32) The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone. A) irregular B) compact C) lamellar D) osteon E) spongy

E) spongy