TEAS SCIENCE

Which of the following is the number of chromosomes found in a human cell?

46 (23 pairs)

Which of the following options represents the chromosomal composition of a normal human zygote?

46 chromosomes

An atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which of the following is the atom's mass number?

7

Two pea plants that are heterozygous for seed color are crossed. Pea plants have seeds that are either green or yellow. Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds Predict the percentage of their offspring that will have green seeds.

75%

A polysaccharide can be described as which of the following?

A carbohydrate that is made of many sugar molecules

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, or rust. Which of the following describes the property of rust?

A chemical property

Which of the following instruments would most accurately measure 0.1 mL of a liquid?

A micropipette

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Which of the following is the correct structure and function of the cell membrane?

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm.

plasma membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands that produce which of the following responses?

A slowly initiating but prolonged response on other body systems

Pancreatic secretions that aid in digestion of food are produced by which of the following types of cells?

Acinar cells

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus that infects T cells?

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

What proteins are responsible for the contraction of a muscle?

Actin and myosin

Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress?

Adrenal glands

Cytoskeleton

Aids in the transferring of materials and movements of whole cells

Which of the following hormones is released in response to a drop in blood pressure?

Aldosterone

Which of the following monomers form enzymes?

Amino acids

Mammary glands are a modified type of which of the following glands?

Apocrine glands

Which of the following conditions causes a narrowing of airways in the respiratory system?

Asthma

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the production of soluble antibodies?

B-cell

Which of the following would result from a decrease in body temperature?

Blood vessels near the surface of the body would constrict.

Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stopped functioning?

Blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis.

Which of the following functions is an example of how the skeletal and neuromuscular system work together?

Body movement

In which of the following body structures are white blood cells produced?

Bone

Which of the following does not result from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males?

Bone growth

Which of the following chemicals is a mineral that provides mechanical strength and is found in teeth and bones?

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Ca + H,SO, Which of the following statements correctly describes the product of the reaction above?

Calcium sulfate

Which of the following groups is synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose?

Carbohydrates

Which type of tissue would you find in the heart?

Cardiac muscles

Which of the following is considered a short bone?

Carpals and tarsals

Which of the following parts of the brain controls balance and equilibrium?

Cerebellum

Which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system?

Chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream

Which of the following terms refers to the partially digested food leaving the stomach?

Chyme

Which of the following produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

Which of the following is a requirement in order to develop a sound conclusion?

Data that is collected from an experiment that includes a control

Which of the following is likely to occur after decreasing the pressure of a liquid?

Decrease in boiling point

Which of the following would slow down a reaction rate?

Decreasing the pressure

Which of the following is a type of specialized antigen-processing cell that activates T-cells of the immune system?

Dendritic cells

Which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles?

Dermis

Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?

Diaphragm

In which of the following actions is the autonomic nervous system engaged?

Digestion

Demyelinization results in which of the following?

Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve cell

Which of the relationship between a following best describes the chromosome and gene?

Each chromosome contains a specific number of genes.

Which of the following causes low lung compliance as a result of elastic lung tissue destruction?

Emphysema

Which of the following is the layer of skin that forms a protective, waterproof barrier?

Epidermis

Which of the following is where melanocytes are found?

Epidermis

Which of the following layers of the skin contains a layer of dead cells?

Epidermis

A cut reaches the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. This cut has reached which layer(s) of the skin?

Epidermis and dermis

Which of these structures diverts food into the esophagus, and prevents it from entering the lungs?

Epiglottis

Which is the location where fertilization typically takes place?

Fallopian tubes

Which of the following connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Fallopian tubes

Which of the following is the function of the lymph nodes in mammals?

Filter debris from intracellular spaces.

Which of the following is the name for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?

Gene

Which of the following is classified as a carbohydrate?

Glycogen

Which of the following arteries directly supplies oxygenated blood to the reproductive system?

Gonadal artery

Which of the following is characteristic of a graph displaying the physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure?

Having temperature and pressure as its axes and is called a phase diagram

Which of the following organ systems is responsible for transporting nutrients, wastes, and other substances throughout the human body

Heterotrophic with a genome stored in DNA

Which of the following best describes non-Mendelian inheritance patterns?

Heterozygous monohybrid crosses result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant-to-recessive phenotypes

Which of the following describes the action of histamine as a response to a bee sting?

Histamine dilates blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the area.

A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next?

Histamines are released.

Which of the following is an irregular bone of the throat that aids in tongue movement and swallowing?

Hyoid

Stores of subcutaneous fat can be found in which of the following layers of the skin in the human body?

Hypodermis

Which of the following parts of the endocrine system can be found in the brain?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following terms refers to the integration center between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following pairs of endocrine glands are linked by a venous blood portal system?

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

During inhalation, where would you expect to find a higher concentration of oxygen?

In the alveolar air space

Which of the following is a result of the adrenal gland releasing epinephrine into the blood?

Increase in heart rate

The shape of villi and microvilli facilitates which of the following?

Increasing surface area for absorption

Type I diabetes is a disease associated with which of the following hormones?

Insulin

Which of the following best describes the function of a nerve synapse?

It allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles.

Which of the following is the function of the spleen in a healthy adult human?

It degrades aged red blood cells.

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment.

Which of the following describes the process of diffusion?

It is the movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration.

Which of the following describes the function of the plasma membrane?

It maintains the cell's internal environment.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system?

It reduces friction at joints.

Which of the following cell types confers waterproofing on the outer layers of skin?

Keratinocytes

Which of the following cell types provides a waterproofing function for the outer layers of skin?

Keratinocytes

The nephridium in worms has a function most similar to which of the following organs in humans?

Kidney

Which of the following organs is the site of blood filtration?

Kidney

Which of these terms related to the respiratory system refers to the "voice box" for sound production?

Larynx

Which type cell helps protect against disease?

Leukocyte

Which of the following connects two bones together?

Ligament

A person is suddenly frightened. Which of the following reactions occurs next?

Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream.

Which of the following can lead to the breakdown of glycogen?

Low levels of glucose

Which of the following results from the immune system attacking an individual's own healthy tissue?

Lupus

Which of the following structures within a human cell is responsible for recycling the materials no longer functional or needed within the cell?

Lysosome

Which of the following cells rid the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs?

Macrophages

Which of the following best describes one function of estrogen?

Maturation of eggs

Which of the following bones is the large fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth?

Maxilla

Molecules are broken down into smaller pieces by the churning of muscles in the stomach. Which of the following is this an example of?

Mechanical digestion

Inside of adult long bones, yellow bone marrow is located within which of the following?

Medullary cavity

Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?

Microvilli

Which of the following cell structures contain cristae?

Mitochondria

Which of the following best describes the arrangement and motion of molecules in a liquid?

Molecules are packed closely with no regular arrangement and vibrate with constant rapid motion.

Which of the following statements correctly describes neurons?

Motor neurons carry an efferent impulse.

In which of the following organs does digestion begin?

Mouth

The innermost lining of the digestive tract is largely comprised of which of the following?

Mucous membrane

Which of the following helps to prevent pathogens from invading the body?

Mucus

Which of the following is a nonspecific barrier of the immune system?

Mucus

Which of the following statements best describes peristalsis?

Muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?

Muscle tissue split into four chambers

The bands in muscle sarcomere are formed by actin and which of the following other proteins?

Myosin

Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Which of the following best describes the result of mitosis?

New body cells that replace damaged body cells

Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove?

Nitrogen

Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information?

Nucleic acid

Which of the following statements about nucleotides and genes is correct?

Nucleotides form strings of DNA that make up genes.

Which of the following foods contain mostly lipids?

Oil

Which of the following breaks down bone material?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following types of bone cells perform mineral resorption?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis?

Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.

Which of the following organs produce female gametes?

Ovary

Which structure is where female gametes are produced?

Ovary

Which of the following hormones is involved in the process of labor and childbirth?

Oxytocin (OT)

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

Oxytocin causes an increase in uterine muscle contractions, ultimately causing the posterior pituitary to release more oxytocin

Which of the following glands is the primary producer of insulin?

Pancreas

Which of the following structures releases insulin and glucagon?

Pancreas

Which of the following are sesamoid bones?

Patellae

Which of the following best describes the expression of alleles?

Phenotype

Damage to which of the following sites will most likely result in the stunted growth of a prepubescent child?

Physis

Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells

Which of the following best describes the triple point?

Point where a substance can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes?

Production of melanin

Which of the following classes of biomolecules can influence the rate of specific chemical reactions within the living cell?

Proteins

Which of the following statements best describes the subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Protons and neutrons have about the same mass and can be found in the nucleus.

Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

Pulmonary artery

Where does blood flow next after being oxygenated in the lungs?

Pulmonary vein

Which of the following is the process during which glucose and amino acids enter the renal tubule and are transported to the peritubular capillaries?

Reabsorption

Which of the following is part of the large intestine?

Rectum

Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?

Red blood cells

Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland?

Releasing melatonin

Which of the following parts of the genitourinary system regulates blood pressure?

Renin

Which of the following statements correctly describes a major metabolic pathway?

Respiration is an oxidative, degradative pathway.

Which of the following is a progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following is classified as a flat bone?

Rib

Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs?

Right ventricle

What is the name of the structure that releases an enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth?

Salivary gland

Which of the following compounds formed when a reaction between an acid and base results in the acid's hydrogen being replaced by a cation?

Salt

Which of the following is the term used to describe an action potential jumping from node to node in an axon?

Saltatory conduction

Kidneys remove which of the following from the blood?

Salts

Which of the following is the cellular organelle that stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following glands primarily supplies hair shafts and skin with oily secretions?

Sebaceous gland

Which of the following types of nerves sends messages to the brain?

Sensory

Which of the following types of muscle cell are often voluntary?

Skeletal

Which of the following organs is responsible for the majority of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

Small intestine

Which of the following options lists the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis?

Stimulus - Receptor - Integration - Effector Response

In which of the following areas does protein breakdown begin in the human body?

Stomach

In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins beain?

Stomach

Vacuoles

Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials

Which of the following chemical compounds prevents the lungs from collapsing?

Surfactant

Which of the following is the collagen-rich material that connects muscles to bone?

Tendon

What is the name for the hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics?

Testosterone

The sliding filament theory proposes that which of the following occurs during the contraction phase of muscle?

The sarcomeres shorten.

Which of the following occurs in the cardiac cycle if the impulse triggered at the sinoatrial node never reaches the Purkinje fibers of the heart?

The ventricles will not contract.

Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?

The walls the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion.

Which of the following is true of liquids?

They have no definite shape, but they have definite volume.

Which of the following nucleotides pairs with adenine?

Thymine

In which part of the body do T-cells mature?

Thymus

Which of the following hormones requires iodine for its production?

Thyroid hormones

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Tibia

Which of the following terms is used to describe the amount of air in a normal inhalation or exhalation?

Tidal volume

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine?

To produce antibodies in case of future infection

Which structure connects the throat to the lungs?

Trachea

What happens when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state?

Tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites.

Which of the following connects the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters

Which of the following parts of the male genitourinary system also transports sperm?

Urethra

Which of the following structures stores waste before it is released from the body?

Urinary bladder

Which of the following substances describes the fluid that contains urea, water, and salts that is released through the urethra?

Urine

Chloroplast

Uses photosynthesis to produce ATP and other sugars

Which of the following statements best describes the function of veins?

Veins carry blood back to the heart.

Which of the following actions controlled by voluntary nerve signals?

Walking

Concentrations of sodium dissolved in water are higher inside the cell than outside. Which of the following best predicts which way the water will flow?

Water will move from its high concentration (outside the cel) to the lower concentration (inside the cell).

Lysosomes

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

An atom that has lost an electron becomes___ in charge and is called a(n)___

positive; cation

Golgi apparatus

processes and packages proteins

Cell wall

provides support and protection

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

synthesizes and transports proteins in the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

synthesizes lipids

Ribosome

synthesizes proteins

Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is highly resistant to lactate-mediated fatigue because cardiac muscle

uses aerobic respiration in mitochondria for energy.

A pea plant has a dominant homozygous genotype. Which of the following letters best represent this genotype?

ww