TEFL
Auxiliary "be"
(Am, is, are, was and were) Used to support present participle verbs.
It's
Contraction - it is.
Its
Possessive. Its tail is wagging.
Been
past participle of to be
Indirect Object
Comes before the direct object. Tells to whom, for whom the action of the verb is done. (Claire threw JOSEPH the ball)
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
I will have been doing. We will have been drinking for a few hours by the time we leave.
Proper Noun
Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea; James Bond, February, Monday, Big Ben
What is walked in this sentence? I have *walked* to the park many times.
Past Participle
What is walked in this sentence? Yesterday I *walked* to the park.
Past Simple
I am/are
Present form of to be
verb infinitive
Put to in front of it - to be, to run.
was/were
The past simple form of to be.
Being
The present participle of to be.
Interjection
These are words or phrases that express emotion or exclamation, like: wow, ahh, hmm, oh dear, absolutely.
Uncountable Noun
These nouns cannot be counted and don't usually have a plural form. Examples; flour, wood, rain.
Interjection
These words or phrases show surprise, enthusiasm, disgust or joy. E.g. hey! Hmm! Aah!
Determiner
This clarifies a noun and includes words like: this, that, your, its.
Possessive Noun
a noun that shows ownership; the Dog's, Julia's, my mother's
Present Perfect Tense
a) with an action verb: a completed action without a specified time in the past. (She has already written 40 books.) b) with a state verb (to be, to have, to know) ex: She has been a writer for 15 years. I have known her since 2010.
Abstract Noun
names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic; love, hate, fairness, education
Auxiliary "do"
(Do, does, did) used to support main verbs in question forms, negative sentences (with not added to the end e.g. don't, doesn't, didn't)
Auxiliary "have"
(Have, has, had) used to support past participle verbs.
Preposition
A word used before a noun, noun phrase or pronoun, connecting it to another word. Example: Ollie jumped IN the lake, and drove slowly DOWN the road.
Future Continuous Tense
Action in progress at a specific time in the future or, occasionally, an alternative to "going to "for a future plan or "be doing "for a future arrangement. Ex: Yes, I will be paying for the meal.
Past Continuous Tense
Action in progress in the past either: a) when a shorter action took place or )b at a very precise moment. Ex: she was writing that novel when she became ill.
Past Perfect Continuous
Action that has started, continued for some time and was still in progress in the past: a) before another action or b) before a very precise moment. Ex: she had been writing that novel for a few months before she became ill.
Future Perfect Tense
Action that will be completed in the future either before a specific moment or before another action takes place. Ex: We will have left the restaurant by midnight.
Third person present simple tense
Add an s. Eats, loves, is
"Be going to" "Going to" Future Tense
An action in the future that has already been planned by the speaker or some thing that is certain to happen in the near future. Example: I am going to call Dan after lunch. I know he is going to invite me out.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
An action that has already started and is still going on. (I've been doing, she has been doing)
Past Perfect Tense
An action that was completed in the past either: a) before another action took place or b) before a very precise moment. Ex: she had written that novel before she became ill.
Intransitive Verb
An action verb that does not have a direct object.
Transitive Verb
An action verb that has a direct object (A thing or person that is directly affected by the verb). The object CAN be implied or understood. Ex: Jack has smoked since he was 15. (The direct object (cigarettes) is understood, therefore the verb is transitive)
Verb
An action word
Modal Verb
An auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility. There are 11 total.
Phrasal verb
An idiomatic phrase combining a verb and a particle example: break down, look down on, think over, take up.
Past Participle
Another past form of the verb for both regular and irregular types. However, it is not a tense in itself.
Irregular Verb
Behave differently from their counterparts, with different endings to what you'd expect. They can either have no ending, have a change vowel or be something completely different.
Name the modal verbs
Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, ought to, used to
Passive Voice
The subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb, for example: the class WAS TAUGHT by Alicia (not Alicia taught the class).
Countable Noun
These are nouns that can be counted and have singular and plural forms. In their singular form they can be preceded by a or an. Examples; cat, women, drink
Preposition
This goes before a noun or pronoun to connect to another word in the sentence. Examples include: about, after, for.
Determiner
This helps us identify with something is or how many of some thing there are. Examples include: your, his, her, every, more, both.
Concrete Noun
This is a noun that can be identified through the five senses - Sight, smell, hear, taste, or touch.
Conjunction
This is a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause, like: and, but, if.
Collective Noun
This noun refers to a group of people, animals or things and is used in singular form. Examples; a flock, a herd, a bunch
Article
This precedes a noun and can be definite (the) or indefinite (a/an).
Indefinite article
This refers to or points out a general, non-specific noun. A or An.
Definite article
This refers to or points out a specific noun. "THE"
Present Simple Tense
This tense depicts actions that are repeated or habitual. A fact, habit or regular action. EX: (I get up) at 9:00 A.M.
First verb taught in English language
To be
Future Simple Tense
Subject + will/shall + Verb. Ex: I will call him as soon as I can.
Present Continuous Tense
The action is on-going/still going on and hence continuous. ( I am eating.; I am sleeping.; I am playing.)
Plural Noun
A word that indicates that there is more than one person, animal, place, thing or idea.
Past Simple Tense
A completed action at a specified time in the past. (Yesterday, last year, when I was young)
Uncountable noun 2
A noun is in uncountable when it does not refer to a specific thing. Ex - he added salt and pepper. Allergic to wheat. (In this context wheat is general doesn't refer to a specific piece of wheat.
Regular Plural Noun
A noun where all you have to do to make it plural is add an s. Bowls, pens, cars
Irregular Plural Noun
A noun where the word changes completely, stays the same, or adds an es to make plural. Boxes, children, mice, cacti, sheep
Reported speech
A speaker's words reported by someone else with the required changes in person and tense. For example: "Ollie will start work on monday" becomes "He said that Ollie would start work on Monday".
Strong Verb
A verb that can stand on its own in a sentence.
Weak Verb
A verb that needs the help of an auxiliary verb to help it express meaning.
Passive Voice
A way of saying things when the object comes first. For example: the missing cat was found by Anne.
Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs)
Verbs that accompany a main verb. They form tenses and language aspects.
Present Participle
Verbs that describe an ongoing action. -ing