Temp. and Thirst - Practice Quizzes

Approximately what percent of the mammalian body is composed of water?

70%

Who is doing a project on a homeostatic mechanism?

Dortha who put together a presentation on blood glucose levels.

T/F Angiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium.

False

T/F Paige wants to lose weight. The most effective long-term plan is for her to limit her intake of sweet foods.

False

What kind of thirst is produced by an increased concentration of solutes in the blood?

Osmotic

What is the main site for absorption of digested food into the bloodstream?

Small intestine

The preoptic area of the hypothalamus monitors temperatures from what areas of the body?

The POA/AH and the skin

T/F Hal is experiencing osmotic thirst. He should drink pure water.

True

T/F Homeostasis refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range.

True

T/F Most mammals at about the age of weaning lose the intestinal enzyme lactase.

True

T/F The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size.

True

A Danish study correlating the weights of 540 adopted children with various adoptive and biological relatives found ____.

a higher correlation with biological relatives than adoptive relatives

The large intestine ____.

absorbs water and minerals

The brain finds out about the degree of stretch of the stomach from ____.

activity of the vagus nerve

Electrical stimulation of a rat's lateral hypothalamus would most likely result in ____.

an increase in food seeking behaviors

Like vasopressin, ____ constricts the blood vessels, compensating for the drop in blood pressure.

angiotensin II

Many kinds of information impinge onto two kinds of cells in one nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is regarded as the "master area" for control of appetite. That area is the ____.

arcuate nucleus

Poikilothermic organisms have body temperatures that ____.

are the same as the temperatures of their environments

Pamala has a fever of 107°F. Her doctor is concerned because ______.

at this temperature, she is starting to damage her own body cells

The brain can anticipate an osmotic need before the rest of the body actually experiences it ____.

because the stomach can detect high levels of sodium

Vasopressin raises blood pressure by ____

constricting the blood vessels

Glucagon stimulates the liver to ____.

convert glycogen to glucose

Sixta has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Although her doctors are not sure if it caused her disorder or is a result of it, but Sixta has disrupted levels of _____ release.

dopamine

The lateral preoptic area and surrounding parts of the hypothalamus control ____.

drinking

An advantage of maintaining a constant body temperature is that it ____.

enables an animal to stay equally active at all environmental temperatures

Fructose, used in corn syrup as a sweetener, may lead to increased obesity by ____.

failing to trigger satiety

Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ____.

ghrelin

Professor Wang is lecturing on digestion and eating behaviors. He tells the class that the pancreas makes _____ and ____ that regulate the flow of glucose into the cells.

glucagon; insulin

The term ____ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range.

homeothermic

Your posterior pituitary is most likely to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ____.

if you are very thirsty

High levels of leptin are associated with ____.

increased activity and decreased eating

The ____ increases the pituitary gland's secretion of hormones that increase insulin secretion.

lateral hypothalamus

Professor Fonte is lecturing on eat behaviors. She tells the class that ____ is produced by _____.

leptin; fat cells in the body

The temperature required by reproductive cells of birds and most mammals is ____.

lower than the rest of the body

Professor Lainez explains to her class that humans will spend more energy _______, than everything else combined.

maintaining basal metabolism

Homeothermic organisms include ____.

mammals and birds

Alysia is lactose intolerant. She has a hard time with _____ although she can have small amounts of ____ because it is easier to digest.

milk; cheese

Leonora loves eating carbohydrates. When she does, they are initially broken down in her _____.

mouth

The esophagus brings food from the ____.

mouth to the stomach

Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as ____.

negative feedback

Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to eating ____.

normal-sized meals, but eating them more frequently

The tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed ____.

osmotic pressure

Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the ____, thereby affecting meal size.

paraventricular nucleus

Tryptophan enters the brain by an active-transport protein that it shares with ____ and other large amino acids.

phenylalanine

For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would ____.

produce little effect

Beyond about 40°C or 41°C, ____ begin to break their bonds and lose their useful properties.

proteins

A combination of the hormones aldosterone and angiotensin II leads to an increase in preference for ____ tastes.

salty

Ghrelin is associated with ____ in the periphery and ____ in the brain.

stomach contractions; excitation of the arcuate nucleus

The blood's glucose level ordinarily remains relatively constant because of the activity of ____.

the liver

A new set of experiments have shown that people who are overweight have different ______ than people who are not.

types of microorganisms

Ivette has been diagnosed with Anorexia nervosa. Her doctors have decided to try a new treatment to address her weight loss itself. They start out by having Ivette _____.

wearing warm clothing or staying in a warm room

T/F Stomach distension is necessary to produce satiety.

False

On average, people with bulimia show a variety of biochemical abnormalities, including increased production of ____.

Ghrelin

Professor Augustus told his class that the _____ detects osmotic pressure.

OVLT and subfornical organ

Jasmin is thirsty so she drinks some water. How would she know when to stop drinking water?

She will stop drinking after a short period (about a minute) as just the activity of drinking calms nerves in the subfornical organ.

T/F Vasopressin increases blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels.

True

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

Vasopressin

Homeostasis is to ____ as allostasis is to ____.

constant; variable

Professor Beck tells his class that homeothermic organisms have an advantage because being homeothermic _____.

enables the individual to stay active when the environment is cool

After damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus, animals are more likely to ____.

overeat and gain weight

After damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus, an animal will most likely ____.

overeat when presented with a sweetened diet

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses scientists accept as a reason why humans maintain a body temperature around 37°C?

A lower temperature would cause the immune system to go out of control.

Lora is sick and has developed a fever. Why might this be helpful for her?

A slight fever activates the immune system and makes it harder for bacteria to survive.

Vasopressin and angiotensin II are similar in that they both promote ____.

increased blood pressure

Shella has trouble regulating her insulin levels. What might happen if her levels got high?

Glucose entry into the cells increases.

What evidence exists that the preoptic area controls body temperature?

Heating or cooling the preoptic area leads to sweating or shivering.

Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?

Increasing NPY levels

Why do both high levels and very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating?

Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel.

Most young mammals stop nursing, at least partly, due to the loss of what ability?

Metabolizing the sugar in milk

When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone?

CCK

Paz just ate some salty popcorn. Now she is experiencing an increase in the concentration of sodium in her _____.

extracellular fluid

Tammi has a pet lizard. How does her lizard maintain a proper body temperature?

By choosing an appropriate area of the cage (e.g., heat rock)

Through what mechanism does insulin affect appetite?

It enables glucose in the blood stream to enter the cells.

Dinah's body has produced aldosterone so that she _____

is able to conserve sodium

A fever ____.

is part of the body's defense against an illness