Test 1

topkapi palace

Under Süleyman "the Magnificent" most of the Janissaries were stationed in barracks in and near the _____________.

could prevent noble sons from inheriting lands from their fathers

Unlike his counterparts like Isabella and Ferdinand, the Ottoman sultan:

founding colonies

Wari culture seems to have been more active in ________ than its Tiwanaku counterpart.

britain

When the Catholic Reformation drove the New Sciences to northwestern Europe, the Italian-style academies gave way to chartered royal societies, the first of which was founded in ______ in 1660.

500,000

When the Portuguese conquered Brazil, the indigenous population was estimated to be nearly _________ inhabitants

tenochtitlan

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V.

60000

With __________ inhabitants in the sixteenth century, the capital of Kongo, M'banza, was comparable in size to many European cities at the time.

south carolina

_______ was the only North American colony, and later state, in which African Americans outnumbered those of European descent

french

"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the _______ language).

hohenzollern

A member of the _________ family of rulers, Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia enlarged his army and pursued an aggressive foreign policy.

charles I

A standoff between the Parliament and King _________ of England (and Scotland) led to civil war and the king's execution in 1649.

food market

Adjacent to the main pyramid on the platform at the center of Tenochtitlán was a:

luxury items to be exchanged for other luxury items

African rulers sold slaves to the Europeans as:

leo x

After being kidnapped by Christian pirates, Al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan was baptized under the name of Pope _________.

to take a turn

After conquering a city-state, the Incas instituted a decimal system of population organization to provide the necessary numbers for the mit'a, or '__________'.

was murdered, together with his unarmed retainers

After meeting Pizarro at the town square of Cajamarca in 1532, Atahualpa:

its urban residents were willing to pay higher taxes on manufactures and farming

Among most of the countries of Europe, the Netherlands was exceptional in its finances in that:

300,000

An estimated __________ Spaniards emigrated from Europe to the Americas between 1500 and 1800.

portuguese

Auto-da-fé" means "act of faith" in the ___________ language.

french

Because _________ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars.

the native americans lack of immunity against smallpox

Between 250,000 and 1 million Taínos were killed when the Spanish came due to:

gold

Brazil produced a total of 1000 tons of _________ in the eighteenth century, a welcome bonanza for Portugal at a time of low agricultural prices.

encomiendas

By means of land-labor grants called __________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World.

250

By some estimates, there were more ________ slave uprisings involving 10 or more slaves during the four centuries of Atlantic slavery.

had been born in the americas

By the early seventeenth century, a powerful elite of Spanish who ___________, called Creoles, was in place to assist the Spanish administrators.

15 million

By the second half of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was a vast multiethnic and multireligious state of some ______________ inhabitants.

their fortunes in overturned coffee grounds

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas

died in the general massacre and pillaging

Constantine XI, the last Byzantine emperor, _________ after Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.

krakow

Copernicus began his studies at the University of __________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy.

louis XIV

Despite the appearance of his beaming benevolence at Versailles, the "absolutist" rule of ____________ was a complex mixture of centralized and decentralized forces.

1430s

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press

bolivia

For 200 years after its founding in 1545, Potosí in modern ___________ produced over half of the silver of Spanish America

lepanto

Fought in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1571, the Christians won the Battle of _________ thanks to their superior naval tactics.

terrace farming

Growing to a city of 30,000 inhabitants by the seventh century, Wari enlarged its agricultural base through the expansion of __________.

lima

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at __________ in 1535.

an item of moveable personal property

In "chattel" slavery, the slave is, in legal terms:

india

In 1498, the king of Portugal sent Vasco da Gama on a voyage to __________

huguenots

In France, Protestants were known as

food source

In Tiwanaku society, llamas were used as transportation animals and as a __________.

25000

In many places, the ____________-mile Incan road network still exists today.

mathematical

Isaac Newton's ___________ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences

an adoption of native creek patterns of interaction with the natural environment

James Oglethorpe's vision for the colony of Georgia included all of the following except:

the capture of jamaica by the british in 1655

Losses to the Spanish empire came in the mid-seventeenth century, beginning with:

ensure that government activities functioned properly

Louis XIV sent salaried, itinerant intendants around the provinces to:

bartholomew

On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots.

he had failed to suppress a ruinously expensive rebellion in the netherlands

Philip II was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1575 and sue for peace for the Ottomans in 1580 because:

an aqueduct that arrived on one of the western causeways

Potable water was made available in Tenochtitlán by means of:

pirates

Privateers were individual entrepreneurs who were virtually indistinguishable from:

a fermented drink made from the pulp of the maguey plant

Pulque was:

central african creoles from kongo and ndongo

Recent scholarship suggests that a key formative element in the development of culture and identity of Africans in the Americas lay in the influence of the:

the goods that were exchanged between the villages and the tiwanaku capital

Scholars have concluded that Tiwanaku emigrants established colonies some 200 miles to the west of their settlement on the basis of:

a few more captives might survive than on a ship that was less crowded

Some slave-ship captains favored the "tight packing" method, deliberately overcrowding their human cargo on a Middle Passage voyage on the assumption that:

dutch

Spain refused to recognize the "United Provinces of the ____________ Republic" until 1648.

a city established one of the islands in the valley of mexico

Tenochtitlaìn was:

triangular

The Atlantic system or the "_________" trade connected the American colonies with Africa and Europe.

ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to church teachings

The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, as appointed by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481, was to:

south carolina

An example of a Creole language that has survived for centuries is Gullah, used by the isolated communities along the coastal islands of Georgia and _______.

henry

An expedition sent out the Portuguese king ___________ the Navigator captured the city of Ceuta on the North African coast in 1415.

farmers

Around 1750, there were about 10,000 Boers (Dutch for "_______") in the Cape Colony, easily outnumbered by slaves.

Nahuatl

Around 900, migrants speaking the language __________ arrived in the vicinity of the collapsed Teotihuacán.

joshua

As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of ___________, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day.

tithe paid to the church, which administration, at times, used for its own purposes

As in Spain, the only income tax in New Spain was the __________

classified and taxed as serfs

As part of his reforms, Tsar Peter I "the Great" ______________ the remaining free farmers outside the estate system of the aristocracy.

half

In the 15th century, more than ______ of the people in the Mexican Basic lived in cities like Tenochtitlán

sometimes followed by the freedman acquisition of his own slaves

In the seventeenth century, the process of manumission was:

a certain liberty of investigation that other areas lacked

The New Sciences were allowed to flourish in northern Europe, especially in the Netherlands and England, mainly because of:

mamluks

The Ottomans defeated the ____________ and took control of western Arabia, including the pilgrimage city of Mecca, in 1517.

southwestern united states

The Pueblo cultures, in today's ____________ were based on sophisticated irrigated farming systems and are known for their distinctive painted pottery styles.

el dorado

The Spanish quest for the mythical ____________ or "golden city" was fruitless

5 or 6 years

The average slave field hand on a sugar plantation was estimated to live:

sixteenth

The final provinces added to the Inca empire, in the __________ century, were in northern Ecuador as well as on the eastern slopes of the Andes.

was processed into a dye

The indigo plant, which _____________, contributed to a booming economy in South Carolina starting in the 1740s.

hutu

The unequal relations between Tutsi cattle breeders and ______ farmers froze into a caste system during the nineteenth-century colonial occupation

charles v

_________ inherited Habsburg territories throughout Europe and the Inca and Aztec Empires in the Americas when he became Emperor in 1516.

harvard college

__________ was the first institution of higher learning in North America, devoted to teaching the "correct" balanced Calvinist Protestantism

ethiopia

__________ would have been destroyed in a Muslim holy war had it not been for the timely arrival of a Portuguese fleet with artillery and musketeers in 1541.

a bluwark against spanish florida

The British colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 as:

diseases

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ________ between the Americas and the rest of the world

madrid

The El Escorial palace complex was built by Juan Bautista de Toledo in _____________.

using them to terrorize enemy armies

The Incans did all of the following with their mummies (mallquis) except:

storehouses

The Incas built tens of thousands of _________ everywhere in their empire, requiring subjects to supply the nearest one in their vicinity.

french

The alliance between the Ottomans and the __________ horrified western Europe in 1534 because it indicated that the Ottoman Empire was a player in European politics.

catholic parish system

The establishment of the _________ in Virginia in 1619 was an indication that the British would not follow the same policy in the New World as their Spanish counterparts.

textiles

The overseas ministry in Lisbon encouraged the manufacture of ________ in Brazil in an effort to render the province independent from British imports.

forbade the enslavement of "people of the book"

The practice of the devșirme contradicted Islamic law, which:

louis XIV

The ruler with the longest reign in France was:

850 to 1000

The most prominent of the small Maya states, Chichén Itzá in the northern lowlands, flourished from about ____________.

that a slave revolt would begin and spread

The slaveowners' greatest fear was:

cuzco

The southern Peruvian city-state of _________, with its Inca elite, emerged in the early fifteenth century at the head of a highly militaristic, conquering polity.

a fear-inducing tactic that was an innovation in aztec imperialism

The threat of human sacrifice was:

1517

Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop

2 months

Mehmet II besieged and conquered Constantinople within ________ in 1453

states should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little and export as much as possible

Mercantilist economic theory dictates that:

1620

Of the approximately 144,000 estimated Native Americans in New England in 1600, fewer than 15,000 remained by ______.

the offering of joint monarchy to the protestant william III and mary II

The central objective of the "Glorious Revolution" in Britain was the:

st. louis

The city of Cahokia (650-1400) was a ceremonial center for the Mississippi cultures of North America, and it was located near modern __________.

gold was discovered in minas gerais in 1690

The demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when:

the tour of the methodist preachers john and charles wesley through georgia

The main impulse for the revivalist movement known as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was:

1492

The majority of the Jewish population in Granada was forced to emigrate by __________.