test 1

Different latitude and longitude datums are established as we learn more about the shape of the Earth's ellipsoid. This improves _______.

all three applications: driving, land ownership, and elevation accuracy

The study of soils, their formation, and the causes of their variability is called ___________.

Pedology

Physical geography is ___________.

the holistic combination of physical sciences

The day is 24 hours long at the North Pole during the summer solstice. This occurs because ________.

the north pole is tilted towards the sun

By looking at the time stamps and time delays of signals from several satellites of known position, GPS units can often calculate ___________ with great precision.

time, location, and velocity

Plate tectonics produce underwater features, such as

undersea trenches

Geographers traditionally study physical and cultural processes from scales that range from the size of a __________ to the size of the globe.

football field

Map projections, as approximations of a globe on a flat surface, will always have errors in ____________.

global shape and scale

The northern hemisphere winter is colder than the southern hemisphere winter because the earth ___________.

has more water in the southern hemisphere

According to the book, the 5 interacting spheres (or shells) of the earth do not include the _________.

hemisphere

The spheres of the earth system are __________.

interwoven and interacting

The International Date Line _____________.

is needed to adjust the date back when assigning time zones around the world

Remote sensing can be used to estimate surface feature

location, type, and change

Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used for geospatial data

mapping, modeling and geo-statistical analysis

At the equator, the noonday sun appears to __________.

move farther to the south in the fall

Sunlight enters the ocean surface, heating it. Water vapor this generated rises, eventually forming clouds. This reflects some of the sunlight, reducing the heating of the ocean. This is an example of a _____________.

negative feedback

The earth has an ellipsoidal shape (instead of a perfect globe) in large part because ________.

of momentum from spin

The earth is a(n) ____________ when its growth and development is studied over geological time.

open system

The land hemisphere (presently 29% of the earth) erodes, but __________ helps maintain land masses over geologic time.

plate tectonics

The ocean, heated by the sun, warms up, and more of the water evaporates. This increases water vapor in the atmosphere, increasing thermal absorption and re-radiation to the sea, heating it more. This is an example of a ______.

positive feedback loop

The scientific method involves testing hypotheses trying to ________________.

prove them wrong

The sun appears to rise in the east because the earth ______.

rotates about its axis

Mid-oceanic ridges are caused by

sea floor spread and volcanism

A model is a __________.

simplification of part of reality that helps us study one aspect of it.

Maps are often __________ of reality

simplified models

In March, the ____________.

sun is directly overhead at noon at the Equator

The tropics are generally hotter in the summer because _____.

the days are longer the sun is directly overhead

Latitude is measured from the ___________.

Equator

Geography is the ______.

spatial integration of other disciplines

Longitude is the ____________.

E-W distance measured in degrees

Seasons are caused by the ______.

The tilt of the Earth's axis

The earth __________.

bulges out at the equator primarily due to spin

Time of year is determined by earth's _______________.

changing angle of tilt with respect to the sun

The ancient Greeks __________.

correctly estimated the size of the earth. explored and mapped the world around them reviewed the effect of deforestation on stream flow. coined the term Geography.

The Mercator projection is one of the _____________ projections.

cylindrical

On average, the coldest part of the day is usually at ____________.

dawn

Different latitude and longitude datums are established as we learn more about the shape of the Earth's ellipsoid. This improves _______.

driving, land ownership, and elevation accuracy

Comparing forested and un-forested percentages is best done using a(n) __________ projection

equal area

The northern hemisphere has more temperature variability because there is more water in the southern hemisphere, and __________.

water has higher thermal mass than land water evaporates, decreasing surface temperature water circulates, reducing temperature variability