test 1
Different latitude and longitude datums are established as we learn more about the shape of the Earth's ellipsoid. This improves _______.
all three applications: driving, land ownership, and elevation accuracy
The study of soils, their formation, and the causes of their variability is called ___________.
Pedology
Physical geography is ___________.
the holistic combination of physical sciences
The day is 24 hours long at the North Pole during the summer solstice. This occurs because ________.
the north pole is tilted towards the sun
By looking at the time stamps and time delays of signals from several satellites of known position, GPS units can often calculate ___________ with great precision.
time, location, and velocity
Plate tectonics produce underwater features, such as
undersea trenches
Geographers traditionally study physical and cultural processes from scales that range from the size of a __________ to the size of the globe.
football field
Map projections, as approximations of a globe on a flat surface, will always have errors in ____________.
global shape and scale
The northern hemisphere winter is colder than the southern hemisphere winter because the earth ___________.
has more water in the southern hemisphere
According to the book, the 5 interacting spheres (or shells) of the earth do not include the _________.
hemisphere
The spheres of the earth system are __________.
interwoven and interacting
The International Date Line _____________.
is needed to adjust the date back when assigning time zones around the world
Remote sensing can be used to estimate surface feature
location, type, and change
Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used for geospatial data
mapping, modeling and geo-statistical analysis
At the equator, the noonday sun appears to __________.
move farther to the south in the fall
Sunlight enters the ocean surface, heating it. Water vapor this generated rises, eventually forming clouds. This reflects some of the sunlight, reducing the heating of the ocean. This is an example of a _____________.
negative feedback
The earth has an ellipsoidal shape (instead of a perfect globe) in large part because ________.
of momentum from spin
The earth is a(n) ____________ when its growth and development is studied over geological time.
open system
The land hemisphere (presently 29% of the earth) erodes, but __________ helps maintain land masses over geologic time.
plate tectonics
The ocean, heated by the sun, warms up, and more of the water evaporates. This increases water vapor in the atmosphere, increasing thermal absorption and re-radiation to the sea, heating it more. This is an example of a ______.
positive feedback loop
The scientific method involves testing hypotheses trying to ________________.
prove them wrong
The sun appears to rise in the east because the earth ______.
rotates about its axis
Mid-oceanic ridges are caused by
sea floor spread and volcanism
A model is a __________.
simplification of part of reality that helps us study one aspect of it.
Maps are often __________ of reality
simplified models
In March, the ____________.
sun is directly overhead at noon at the Equator
The tropics are generally hotter in the summer because _____.
the days are longer the sun is directly overhead
Latitude is measured from the ___________.
Equator
Geography is the ______.
spatial integration of other disciplines
Longitude is the ____________.
E-W distance measured in degrees
Seasons are caused by the ______.
The tilt of the Earth's axis
The earth __________.
bulges out at the equator primarily due to spin
Time of year is determined by earth's _______________.
changing angle of tilt with respect to the sun
The ancient Greeks __________.
correctly estimated the size of the earth. explored and mapped the world around them reviewed the effect of deforestation on stream flow. coined the term Geography.
The Mercator projection is one of the _____________ projections.
cylindrical
On average, the coldest part of the day is usually at ____________.
dawn
Different latitude and longitude datums are established as we learn more about the shape of the Earth's ellipsoid. This improves _______.
driving, land ownership, and elevation accuracy
Comparing forested and un-forested percentages is best done using a(n) __________ projection
equal area
The northern hemisphere has more temperature variability because there is more water in the southern hemisphere, and __________.
water has higher thermal mass than land water evaporates, decreasing surface temperature water circulates, reducing temperature variability