Test 1 Psych
When using correlational studies, can researchers infer a cause-effect relationship between the variables?
No, what may look like a cause-effect relationship may really be explained by other factors.
Which of the following statements concerning the goal of functionalism is true?
To the functionalists, finding out how the mind functions to adapt us to the environment is of critical importance.
Which of the following are advantages of the use of naturalistic observation as a research method?
We can study behavior in naturally occurring environments
The first theorist to insist on careful observation and mesurement of the mind and conscious experience was
Wundt
Which of the following would B.F. Skinner believe capable of affecting your behavior?
a monetary reward
Which of the following is NOT likely to be considered a critical thinking skill?
accepting the views of a popular authority figure
In an experiment to test the effects of a new flu drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug, the other group is given a placebo. The group that receives the placebo is called the _____.
control group
A number that describes the strength of a relationship between events is called a(n) _____; it can range between _____.
correlation coefficient; -1.00 and +1.00
The method used to assess the degree of relationship that exists between two or more variables is called:
correlational method
Defining love as "the length of time couples look into each other's eyes" provides a(n) _____ definition
operational
In scientific investigations a resarcher must clearly define the variables under study by precisely describing how they will be measured or controlled. These definitions are referred to as
operational definitions
In a weight-reduction experiment, an overweight individual was given what the researcher called a new type of diet pill that would help curb the desire to eat. In fact, the pill really contained powdered milk, but ever since the individual started taking the diet pill, he has reported that his desire to eat has decreased. This illustrates the
placebo effect
Your grandmother's cure for an upset stomatch is to rub vinegar on her ear lobes. Although this has no real medicinal value, it works most of the time and she swears by it. Psychologists would probably say that this is an example of a:
placebo effect
Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a:
positive correlation
Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology?
psychology studies primarily the unconscious mind
To equalize the intelligence of members of the experimental group and the control group in an experiment, you could use
random assignment
When subjects in an experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or the control group, we say that the subjects have been assigned
randomly
A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the physical basis of behavior is the
1 biological perspective
The emerging field in psychology that uses theory and research to better undestand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human experience is
1 positive psychology
A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the mind or consciousness that existed in psychology when it first became a science in the late 1800s is
2 cognitive perspective
Of the following research questions, which one is BEST suited for the correlational method?
Does alcohol have a harmful effect on a fetus during pregnancy?
Dr. Dunn required all of his students, without exception, to participate in an experiment for part of the course grade. Which ethical principle is he violating?
Ensure that participation is voluntary
How are theories and hypotheses related?
Hypotheses are derived from theories.
Psychology as a separate discipline developed as a blend of which two areas of study?
Philosophy and physiology
Dr. Marqueta believes that "misery loves company." Based on this belief, Dr. Marqueta predicts that people who have received bad news will seek out other people. Dr. Marqueta's belief is an example of _____, and her prediction is an example of ______.
a theory; a hypothesis
When faced with a major assignment such as a term paper it is a good idea to
break the assignment down into smaller components
In order to understand the unusual behavior of a client, a psychologist has carefully investigated the client's current life situation and his physical, social, and educational history. Which reseach method has the psychologist employed?
case study
The view that emphasizes thinking to explain behavior is
cognitive
Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?
concentrate your study time immediately before an exam
A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the rats' maze-running performance is the _____ variable.
dependent
In an experiment on the effects of hunger on the reading scores of elementary school children, reading scores are the
dependent variable
Naturalistic observation is most useful for:
describing behaviors
What is the procedure where neither the experimenter nor the subjects know in which group the subjects are being placed?
double-blind technique
When a researcher somehow influences participants' responses and/or behaviors, even though the researcher is not consciously aware of it, _____ has occurred.
experimenter bias
Which of the following schools of psychology believes people have a basic need to fulfill their potential for personal growth and experience free will?
humanistic theory
Mrs. smith, an elementary school teacher, believes that girls are smarter than boys. She presents identical study material and quizzes to all her students and predicts that the girls in her class will learn more than the boys. Her prediction is a
hypothesis
Over the last 50 years membership in the American Psychological Association has
increased dramatically
If Wilhelm Wundt asked you to report your sensations and perceptions by looking inward, you would be engaging in
introspection
Which of the following involves applied research?
measuring the average rato of dark adaptation to set night-flying rules for pilots
Trent is interested in determining whether chimpanzees use tools. He spends long hours in a concealed blind, watching the chimps in Tanzania. This research method is called:
naturalistic observation
According to the behavioral viewpoint, behavior is governed primarily by
the environment
In an experiment to study the effects of fertilizer on plants, the amount of fertilizer used on each plant would be:
the independent variable
Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve
the manipulation of factors that influence behavior.
Watson defined psychology as
the scientific study of behavior
reud stressed the role of _____ in shaping our personalities.
the unconscious
Which of the following is NOT likely to be a characteristic of a critical thinker?
unable to admit mistakes
you act impulsively, then wonder why. Freud would tell you that your behavior was influenced by your
unconscious mind
When a scientist attempts to explain why something happened, his work is most closely associated with which goal of science?
understanding and prediction
Which of the following would likely have a negative correlation?
use of sunscreen and sunburn
The advantage of the experimental method over other research designs is
using a controlled camparison to identify cause-and-effect connections