Test 1 Psych

When using correlational studies, can researchers infer a cause-effect relationship between the variables?

No, what may look like a cause-effect relationship may really be explained by other factors.

Which of the following statements concerning the goal of functionalism is true?

To the functionalists, finding out how the mind functions to adapt us to the environment is of critical importance.

Which of the following are advantages of the use of naturalistic observation as a research method?

We can study behavior in naturally occurring environments

The first theorist to insist on careful observation and mesurement of the mind and conscious experience was

Wundt

Which of the following would B.F. Skinner believe capable of affecting your behavior?

a monetary reward

Which of the following is NOT likely to be considered a critical thinking skill?

accepting the views of a popular authority figure

In an experiment to test the effects of a new flu drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug, the other group is given a placebo. The group that receives the placebo is called the _____.

control group

A number that describes the strength of a relationship between events is called a(n) _____; it can range between _____.

correlation coefficient; -1.00 and +1.00

The method used to assess the degree of relationship that exists between two or more variables is called:

correlational method

Defining love as "the length of time couples look into each other's eyes" provides a(n) _____ definition

operational

In scientific investigations a resarcher must clearly define the variables under study by precisely describing how they will be measured or controlled. These definitions are referred to as

operational definitions

In a weight-reduction experiment, an overweight individual was given what the researcher called a new type of diet pill that would help curb the desire to eat. In fact, the pill really contained powdered milk, but ever since the individual started taking the diet pill, he has reported that his desire to eat has decreased. This illustrates the

placebo effect

Your grandmother's cure for an upset stomatch is to rub vinegar on her ear lobes. Although this has no real medicinal value, it works most of the time and she swears by it. Psychologists would probably say that this is an example of a:

placebo effect

Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a:

positive correlation

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology?

psychology studies primarily the unconscious mind

To equalize the intelligence of members of the experimental group and the control group in an experiment, you could use

random assignment

When subjects in an experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or the control group, we say that the subjects have been assigned

randomly

A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the physical basis of behavior is the

1 biological perspective

The emerging field in psychology that uses theory and research to better undestand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human experience is

1 positive psychology

A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the mind or consciousness that existed in psychology when it first became a science in the late 1800s is

2 cognitive perspective

Of the following research questions, which one is BEST suited for the correlational method?

Does alcohol have a harmful effect on a fetus during pregnancy?

Dr. Dunn required all of his students, without exception, to participate in an experiment for part of the course grade. Which ethical principle is he violating?

Ensure that participation is voluntary

How are theories and hypotheses related?

Hypotheses are derived from theories.

Psychology as a separate discipline developed as a blend of which two areas of study?

Philosophy and physiology

Dr. Marqueta believes that "misery loves company." Based on this belief, Dr. Marqueta predicts that people who have received bad news will seek out other people. Dr. Marqueta's belief is an example of _____, and her prediction is an example of ______.

a theory; a hypothesis

When faced with a major assignment such as a term paper it is a good idea to

break the assignment down into smaller components

In order to understand the unusual behavior of a client, a psychologist has carefully investigated the client's current life situation and his physical, social, and educational history. Which reseach method has the psychologist employed?

case study

The view that emphasizes thinking to explain behavior is

cognitive

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?

concentrate your study time immediately before an exam

A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the rats' maze-running performance is the _____ variable.

dependent

In an experiment on the effects of hunger on the reading scores of elementary school children, reading scores are the

dependent variable

Naturalistic observation is most useful for:

describing behaviors

What is the procedure where neither the experimenter nor the subjects know in which group the subjects are being placed?

double-blind technique

When a researcher somehow influences participants' responses and/or behaviors, even though the researcher is not consciously aware of it, _____ has occurred.

experimenter bias

Which of the following schools of psychology believes people have a basic need to fulfill their potential for personal growth and experience free will?

humanistic theory

Mrs. smith, an elementary school teacher, believes that girls are smarter than boys. She presents identical study material and quizzes to all her students and predicts that the girls in her class will learn more than the boys. Her prediction is a

hypothesis

Over the last 50 years membership in the American Psychological Association has

increased dramatically

If Wilhelm Wundt asked you to report your sensations and perceptions by looking inward, you would be engaging in

introspection

Which of the following involves applied research?

measuring the average rato of dark adaptation to set night-flying rules for pilots

Trent is interested in determining whether chimpanzees use tools. He spends long hours in a concealed blind, watching the chimps in Tanzania. This research method is called:

naturalistic observation

According to the behavioral viewpoint, behavior is governed primarily by

the environment

In an experiment to study the effects of fertilizer on plants, the amount of fertilizer used on each plant would be:

the independent variable

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve

the manipulation of factors that influence behavior.

Watson defined psychology as

the scientific study of behavior

reud stressed the role of _____ in shaping our personalities.

the unconscious

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a characteristic of a critical thinker?

unable to admit mistakes

you act impulsively, then wonder why. Freud would tell you that your behavior was influenced by your

unconscious mind

When a scientist attempts to explain why something happened, his work is most closely associated with which goal of science?

understanding and prediction

Which of the following would likely have a negative correlation?

use of sunscreen and sunburn

The advantage of the experimental method over other research designs is

using a controlled camparison to identify cause-and-effect connections