Test 2 Review

When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, how many degrees do you need to rotate the airway so the tip is pointing down into the patient's pharynx? - 270 - 90 - 180 - 45

180

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi. - 1,000 - 300 - 200 - 500

200

To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of ________ mmHg. - 300; 30 - 30; 300 - 300; 330 - 30; 30

30; 300

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask? - 16% - 100% - 21% - 50%

50%

Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver? - A 25-year-old man who is still unresponsive after a grand mal seizure. - A 35-year-old diabetic woman who is in the driver's seat of the car in her driveway, who becomes unresponsive while speaking to her husband. - A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders. - A 50-year-old woman who choked on a piece of food while dining in a restaurant and was lowered to the floor by a waiter.

A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders.

Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal bleeding require oxygen to maintain internal respiration? - The red blood cells have a reduction of hemoglobin that reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported. - A lack of oxygen in the air decreases the oxygen diffused into the bloodstream, which creates an increase of carbon dioxide. - A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability. - The swelling of the abdominal space causes the diaphragm to be restricted, which will reduce the thorax space.

A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability.

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration? - A patient with upper airway inflammation - A patient with chronic bronchitis - A patient with a stoma - A patient with quadriplegia

A patient with a stoma

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first? - Check for a radial pulse. - Listen to his lung sounds. - Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. - Obtain the patient's medical history.

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? - Pharynx - Tonsils - Uvula - Bronchi

Bronchi

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator? - Grease plug - Medical grade adhesive tape - Gasket - Pop-off valve

Gasket

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? - Green and white - Black and tan - Blue and yellow - Orange and red

Green and white

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases? - High hydrogen and low carbon dioxide - High carbon monoxide and low oxygen - High carbon dioxide and low oxygen - Low hydrogen and high carbon monoxide

High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? - Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, hot clammy skin, normal mental status - Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status - Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, pink dry skin, normal mental status - Rapid breathing, pale skin, and a normal mental status

Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? - Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 2,000 psi in the tank. - Insert a properly sized oropharyngeal airway. - Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and wait for the patient's heart rate to slow. - Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning? - Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction. - Begin suctioning as you insert the suction tip or catheter into the mouth. - Suction continuously, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter. - Suction intermittently, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter.

Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.

In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question? - Is he breathing? - Is his breathing adequate or inadequate? - Is he big sick or little sick? - Is he alive or dead?

Is he breathing?

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true? - The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria. - It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable. - The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis. - It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device.

It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)? - It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex. - All of the above - It is ideal for patients with a suspected skull fracture. - It eliminates the need for manual positioning of the patient's head to keep the airway open.

It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex.

Why is inhalation described as an active process? - It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. - It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. - It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. - It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure.

It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? - Equal expansion of both sides of the chest when patient inhales - Regular chest movements - Typical skin coloration - Nasal flaring

Nasal flaring

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient? - Nasal cannula - Nonrebreather mask - Simple face mask - Oropharyngeal airway

Nonrebreather mask

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright? - Hudson gauge flowmeter - Pressure-compensated flowmeter - Constant flow selector valve - Bourdon gauge flowmeter

Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure? - Flowmeter - Filter - Regulator - Float ball

Regulator

What is the sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating impedance or partial obstruction to the flow of air? - Snoring - Hoarseness - Gurgling - Stridor

Snoring

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)? - It can only be placed in the right nostril. - The length of the device is not as important as it is with oropharyngeal airways. - The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum. - If a water-soluble lubricant is not available, a silicon spray can be substituted.

The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? - It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space. - The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas. - The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases. - The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement.

The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? - Gastric distention is unlikely. - The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. - Due to their short necks, pediatric patients require a greater degree of hyperextension to open the airway than do adults. - The tongue is not as likely to obstruct the airway as in an adult.

The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPAs)? - They require the use of a water-soluble lubricant. - They do not come in pediatric sizes. - They cannot be used in patients with a suspected skull fracture. - They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements? - Respiratory rate and bronchial dilation - Tidal volume and dead space air - Tidal volume and respiratory rate - Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate

Tidal volume and respiratory rate

You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway? - Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached - Using a rigid pharyngeal suction tip - Irrigating the mouth with sterile water to dilute the material before suctioning - Using a 14 French suction catheter

Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? - When the compensatory mechanism is no longer needed and the patient goes into arrest. - When the patient who is short of breath, with noisy respiration, presents in the tripod position but then suddenly has the condition clear up and return to normal. - When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change. - When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems fail with the demand for oxygen, pupils dilate, and the skin becomes hot and dry.

When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? - You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. - You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing. - Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag. - You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute.

You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

The trachea branches off at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi. - pleura - alveoli - bronchioles - carina

carina

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his accurate pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: - failure. - hypoxia. - arrest. - distress.

distress.

You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 17-month-old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should: - perform chest thrusts. - tilt the head back further. - finger sweep the airway. - ease the head forward a little.

ease the head forward a little.

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: - hypotension. - hypoxia. - hypercarbia. - hyperventilation.

hypoxia.

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: - tape the dentures in place. - leave the dentures in place. - remove the dentures. - use an infant mask over the nose.

leave the dentures in place.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called: - pulmonary (external) respiration. - internal respiration. - osmosis. - cellular respiration.

pulmonary (external) respiration.

The jaw-thrust maneuver is the only ________ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head, neck, or spine injury or unknown mechanism of injury. - required - recommended - forbidden - prohibited

recommended

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck. After removing the regulator from the old cylinder, removing the old cylinder, and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment, you attempt to connect the regulator. The new cylinder has a yellow stripe around it instead of a green one but was stored with the green cylinders. You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn. You should: - remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder. - attempt to force the regulator onto the cylinder. - put the old cylinder back on the truck. - replace the oxygen regulator with a new one.

remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder.

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should: - move the patient to the ambulance and suction. - roll him over onto his side to clear the airway. - insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate. - perform chest thrusts to clear the lungs.

roll him over onto his side to clear the airway.

Perhaps the simplest way to determine if a patient has a patent airway is to: - say "hello." - check for adequate chest rise. - auscultate for breath sounds. - determine a respiratory rate.

say "hello."

The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as: - gurgling. - stridor. - rhonchi. - rales.

stridor.

All of the following can result in airway obstructions, except: - infections. - the tongue. - facial trauma. - burns.

the tongue.

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: - respiration. - inhalation. - tidal volume. - ventilation.

ventilation.