test #2 Tom Dillon COB 204

Web application

thin- client, designed to run within a computer browser

normal forms

transforming a table into a normal form to remove duplicated data, only one theme

one of a kind software

unique to an app. or task, like new software in 2016

horizontal software

used by everyone across industries, for commonalities

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

uses the internet to create the appearance of private, secure connections

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

vendors provide hosted computers, an operating system, and possibly a DBMS, (vendor gives everything but data and apps, renting a car)

entity

what the user wants to track (order, customer, salesperson, item)

multi-user processing

when multiple users process the database at the same time, lost-update is a problem (ticket example)

domain name

worldwide unique name that is affiliated with a public IP address

bits

zero or one, open = zero, closed = one

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

A type of Internet connection that uses phone lines but transmits signals digitally across an always-open connection.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

An address on the Internet. Consists of a protocol followed by a domain name or public IP address.

example of a single user database

Microsoft Access, the app DBMS and database are all on the computer

NewSQL DBMS

Relational DBMS with ACID support that provide processing speeds equivalent to those of NoSQL DBMS products.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software that is owned, delivered, and managed remotely and delivered over the Internet to contracted customers on a pay-for-use basis or as a subscription based on use metrics, Vendor provides software, such as email, Office 365, Canvas or the software application that runs your business. For example, Mymadison, Salesforce, etc.

Custom-developed software

Software that is tailor-made for a particular organization's requirements.

application software

Software that performs some useful task such as word processing or playing a game for a user.

network

a collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly

database application

a collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that serve as an intermediary btw user and a database, reformat tables to make it easier to read, there are 4 uses: *forms-view data, insert new and update, delete *reports-structured presentation of data using sorting, grouping, filtering * queries-search based on data values provided by user * application programs- provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing (out of stock situations) pg 174

server

a computer or computer program that manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network, supports processing requests from PCs (clients)

relational database

a database with tables related by foreign keys

Three-tier architecture

a design of user computers and servers that consists of three categories, or tiers User tier-computers/phones server-computers that run Web servers and process app programs database tier- computers that run a DBMS that processes application programs

packet

a formatted message that passes through networks

IP address

a number that identifies a particular device

operating system

a program that controls the computer's resources, read and write data, allocate main memory, perform memory swapping, manages user interface, OS are for specific hardwares (Microwoft windows on Intel)

Virtual Private Cloud

a subset of a public cloud that has highly restricted, secure access, can store most sensitive data on its own infrastructure , advantage of using the cloud

Content Delivery Network

a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes those data available on demand, used for content that rarely changes, reliable, reduce access costs

tunnel

a virtual, private pathway over a public or shared network from the VPN client to the VPN server

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

all interactions among computing devices are defined as services in a formal, standardized way (sales example)

client/server architecture

allows clients to send requests across the internet to servers

cloud computing architecture

allows employees and customers to access organizational data and applications located in the cloud

commerce server

an application program that runs on a server-tier computer to obtain product data from a database (225)

identifier

an attribute (or group of attributes) whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance

ACID

atomic, consistent, isolated, durable

CPU

brain, arithmetic, selects instructions and processes them, performs arithmetic, has registers for ST mem storage

columns

bytes grouped together (fields), the top of the sheet

byte

character of data

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

commercially available computer software that is ready to buy, install, and use (TurboTax)

routers

connect two or more LANS and connect LANs to the internet.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

connects computers across a wider geographical area, 2 or more LAN, may use an outside vendor to connect

volatile

contents lost without power (cache and main memory)

nonvolatile

contents survive when power is off, magnetic and optical disks

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

core internet protocol that guarantees the reliable delivery of packets

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model, the leasing of a server, data storage, and network virtualization

attributes

describe characteristics of the entity, (order-order number, date, total etc.)

cloud

elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet

Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

exchange Internet Traffic freely at exchange points

data model

logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures, like a blueprint,

maximum cardinality

many

cloud vs in house computing

pg 207

intranet

privately used internet within a company

pooled

many different organizations use the same physical hardware; they share that hardware through virtualization, virtualization increases the scalability bc it can quickly respond to growth in demand and reduces cost

cardinality

minimum or maximum, what binds the entities

hop

movement from one network to another

internet

network of networks

open-source software

noncommercial software shared freely and developed collectively on the internet

NoSQL DBMS

nonrelational databases that support very high transaction rates processing relatively simple data structures, replicated on many servers in the cloud

GNU general public license (GPL) agreement

one of the standard license agreements for open source software

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

organization that administers a directory naming system

virtual cloud

owned and operated by an org for its own benefit

Personal Area Network (PAN)

provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance, wireless and bluetooth

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

provides legitimate Internet access, serves as gateway to Internet, pay for it

graphical queries

query criteria are created when the user clicks on a graphic

rows

records, the horizontal data, columns are grouped into rows

What is the advantage of using the cloud?

reduced costs, easily accessible, scalable, easier to manage, more security features for less, disaster recovery, limited obsolescence

storage hardware

save data and programs, hard disks

databases

self describing collection of integrated records -purpose is to keep track of things that involve more than one theme

protocol

set of rules and data structure for organizing communication

Ethernet

specifies hardware characteristics, such as which wire carries which signals, 10/100/1000 on PCs

mainframe architecture

supported connections between a central mainframe and numerous thin clients (computer terminals which were a screen keyboard and network connection)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model, vendor provides the OS (Microsoft Windows)

Main Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory)

the CPU reads data and instructions from memory and then stores the results of computations in main memory

license

the ability to use that software program

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

the cloud hosting of a bare server computer or data storage, network and virtualization (vendor gives you virtualization, servers, storage, network, buying a car)

Entity Relationship Diagram

A methodology for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between various entities in the database.

database administration

A person or department that develops procedures and practices to ensure efficient and orderly multiuser processing of the database, to control changes to database structure, and to protect the database, security is included

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

A standard format for communicating and documenting software design.

native applications

A thick-client application that is designed to work with a particular operating system and sometimes further limited to work only with a particular mobile device that runs that operating system.

Database Development Process

179

COTS and customized

80-90% common, incorporates best practices, customized to fix local needs, student registration with PeopleSoft

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online, hardware infrastructure, OS, app programs and databases, Google and Google Drive (210-211) (vendor gives all, like an Uber)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home, based on geographic location

In-Memory DBMS

DBMS products that process databases stored in (very large) memories. Usually such DBMS utilize or extend the relational model. ACID support is common.

metadata

Data that describes other data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.

data integrity problem

In a database, the situation that exists when data items disagree with one another. An example is two different names for the same customer

firmware

ROM chips that contain permanently written data, instructions, or information, printers and servers

scalability

Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands in incriments

DNS (Domain Name System)

The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.

solid-stage storage

USB, CD and DVD, stores data on nonvolatile electronic units (data stays without power)

relationship

how the entities are connected

Private IP address

identify a particular device on a private network, usually on a LAN

public IP address

identify a particular device on the public internet

vertical software

industry specific, oracle or mychart

mainframe

large scale high speed centralized computer

elastic

leased computing resources can be inc or dec dynamically and programmatically in a short time and you only pay for what you use